This dissertation is an ethnographic study of a New York City-based third-sector organization focused on what it calls "food justice." This study concentrates on how this organization, that I call Food Rights, has built a broad multi-sector network made up of a varied set of constituents and collaborators aiming to develop and promote an alternative food system for New York City (NYC). This network model has allowed Food Rights to leverage capacity in order to reach thousands of New Yorkers who participate in many different aspects of the local food system (LFS) that correspond to its programming. These include Community Supported Agriculture (CSA), urban agriculture, emergency food, policy and advocacy efforts, and community food education. This dissertation explores the ways that Food Rights navigates the contested space of civil society and the third-sector realm through its LFS efforts--a geography where Food Rights constituents feel they have a say in how local food is grown, distributed, purchased, and prepared. It also considers the complex challenges presented by the burgeoning LFS movement in NYC. This study reveals weak contact points in Food Rights network design as well as organizational strengths that could assist it and other LFS-focused NGOs in addressing the many challenges associated with the social changes that have lead to the spatial, ideological, and material shifts that are transforming the NYC landscape into "a new ontology of food."

A aplicação de agrotóxicos na produção agrícola se relaciona com várias áreas do conhecimento, com destaque para a saúde pública, devido aos riscos envolvidos. No Brasil o uso indiscriminado, faz com que o país lidere, desde o ano de 2008, o consumo dessa classe de produtos. O objetivo geral do trabalho foi estimar a ingestão crônica de agrotóxicos pela população brasileira por meio da dieta, destacando as substâncias com maior consumo e suas implicações toxicológicas. Para este fim foram utilizados os alimentos registrados no bloco de consumo alimentar da Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares 2008-2009, conduzida pelo IBGE, e a exposição foi estimada pelo cálculo de Ingestão Diária Máxima Teórica (IDMT). A caracterização do risco foi realizada pela comparação da IDMT com os valores da Ingestão Diária Aceitável (IDA), estipuladas em mg/kg peso corporal/dia sendo aplicado o peso individual dos integrantes da amostra (n=33.613) da POF (bloco de consumo alimentar). Foram elaboradas analises discriminando a população brasileira, de acordo com as grandes regiões e situação domiciliar (urbana ou rural). Dos 283 agrotóxicos considerados para a pesquisa, 68 compostos excederam ao valor da IDA. O composto brometo de metila ocupou a primeira posição como composto com maior consumo estimado para a população brasileira. Este agrotóxico é classificado como extremamente tóxico, e seu uso está em descontinuação global por causar danos à camada de ozônio, além dos riscos à saúde de trabalhadores rurais e moradores de regiões próximas às áreas de produção agrícola. Quando estudadas as grandes regiões do país, as regiões Norte (59 agrotóxicos), Nordeste (62 agrotóxicos) e Sul (48 agrotóxicos) apresentaram um menor numero de agrotóxicos extrapolando aos valores da IDA, em comparação com o total identificado para a população brasileira (n= 68). Já as regiões sudeste e centro-oeste apresentaram número superior de compostos que extrapolaram ao valor da IDA, sendo um total de 69 compostos para ambas as regiões. Também foi estudada a exposição nos setores urbano e rural, sendo constatado que 67 compostos excederam ao valor da IDA em ambas as situações domiciliares. Para a área rural os riscos envolvidos se relacionam com a aplicação destes produtos, configurando risco de intoxicação aguda. É importante considerar que a caracterização do risco crônico será mais próxima da realidade quanto melhor os dados refletirem as condições do alimento no momento do consumo. Com isso, é recomendável a realização de estudos sobre a exposição aos agrotóxicos para a população brasileira, principalmente quanto às implicações toxicológicas, e considerando os grupos mais vulneráveis. / The application of pesticides in agricultural production is related to several areas of knowledge, with emphasis on public health, due to the risks involved. In Brazil, the indiscriminate use has led the country to lead, since 2008, the consumption of this class of products. The general objective of the study was to estimate the chronic intake of pesticides by the Brazilian population through diet, highlighting the substances with the highest consumption and their toxicological implications. For this purpose, the foods registered in the food consumption block of the Family Budget Survey 2008-2009, conducted by IBGE, were used and the exposure was estimated by the calculation of Theoretical Maximum Daily Intake (IDMT). The risk characterization was performed by comparing the IDMT with the values of Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI), stipulated in mg / kg body weight / day, and the individual weight of the sample members (n = 33,613) of POF to feed. Analyzes were carried out discriminating the Brazilian population, according to the major regions and domiciliary situation (urban or rural). Of the 283 pesticides considered for the research, 68 compounds exceeded the ADI value. The methyl bromide compound occupied the first position as the compound with the highest consumption estimated for the Brazilian population. This pesticide is classified as extremely toxic, and its use is in global discontinuation for causing damage to the ozone layer, in addition to the health risks of rural workers and residents of regions near the agricultural production areas. When the major regions of the country were studied, the North (59 pesticides), Northeastern (62 pesticides) and South (48 agrochemicals) regions presented a lower number of agrochemicals than those identified for the Brazilian population (N = 68). On the other hand, the southeastern and central-western regions presented a higher number of compounds that extrapolated to the value of the ADI, being a total of 69 compounds for both regions. Exposure in the urban and rural sectors was also studied, and it was found that 67 compounds exceeded the ADI value in both domiciliary situations. For the rural area the risks involved are related to the application of these products, posing the risk of acute intoxication. It is important to consider that the characterization of chronic risk will be closer to reality the better the data reflect the conditions of the food at the time of consumption. Therefore, it is advisable to carry out studies on exposure to pesticides for the Brazilian population, mainly regarding the toxicological implications, and considering the most vulnerable groups.

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Submitted by Marcos Anselmo (marcos.anselmo@unipampa.edu.br) on 2016-09-22T18:24:07Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) VANESSA RETAMOSO.pdf: 592024 bytes, checksum: c46345bdfcf46ad95175002ba7a6262e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcos Anselmo (marcos.anselmo@unipampa.edu.br) on 2016-09-22T18:24:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) VANESSA RETAMOSO.pdf: 592024 bytes, checksum: c46345bdfcf46ad95175002ba7a6262e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-22T18:24:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) VANESSA RETAMOSO.pdf: 592024 bytes, checksum: c46345bdfcf46ad95175002ba7a6262e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-05 / A prevalência da síndrome metabólica (SM) vem crescendo com o passar dos anos, juntamente com a epidemia da obesidade na população de idosos. O atual processo de transição nutricional contribui para acelerar ainda mais o aparecimento de alterações metabólicas que levam ao diagnóstico da SM, e uma série de fatores ambientais se relacionam com o aparecimento desta doença. Hábitos alimentares inadequados os quais se destacam o consumo excessivo de alimentos refinados, ricos em gordura e uma ingestão reduzida de alimentos integrais, frutas, legumes e verduras, torna a dieta pobre em valor nutricional, possivelmente relacionado à incidência de SM. Além dos fatores mencionados a SM também pode estar relacionada a fatores genéticos, onde os níveis de adiponectina ao contrário das outras substâncias liberadas pelo tecido adiposo agem como fator de proteção para doenças cardiovasculares. Desta forma o presente estudo visou analisar uma possível associação entre o polimorfismo da ADIPOQ 45 T>G, dieta usual e SM em idosos. Foram avaliados marcadores inflamatórios e bioquímicos comparados com grupos de idosos (idade ≥60anos) com e sem SM, além das medidas antropométricas de peso, altura e circunferência da cintura, o polimorfismo ADIPOQ 45 T>G foi determinado através de PCR-RFLP e o consumo alimentar investigado através de questionário de frequência alimentar. Participaram do estudo 111 idosos, onde 53,2% sem SM e 46,8% com SM. Nossos principais resultados mostram que houve relação significativa entre o consumo habitual de leite para o grupo que possuía SM (p<0,05), os níveis de HDL-c, glicose, triglicerídeos e as medidas de peso, altura, circunferência da cintura e pressão arterial diastólica apresentaram-se alteradas no grupo com SM. Houve associação entre o consumo alimentar habitual de carnes brancas e legumes com os haplótipos TG e GG. Conclui-se que não há associação entre o polimorfismo ADIPOQ 45 T>G e SM no grupo de idosos estudados, contudo a relação entre consumo habitual de determinados grupos alimentares e ADIPOQ indicam a necessidade de estudos complementares melhor elucidação desta relação. / The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) has been growing over the years, along with an epidemic obesity in the elderly population. The current nutritional transition contributes accelerate the beginning of metabolic alterations that leads to the diagnosis of MS, and a variety of environmental factors relate to the onset of this disease. Poor eating habits which stand out excessive consumption of refined foods, high in fat and low intake of whole foods, fruits and vegetables, makes the diet low in nutritional value, possibly related to the incidence of MS. In addition to the factors mentioned MS may also be related to genetic factors, which adiponectin levels unlike other substances released by adipose tissue act as a protective factor for cardiovascular disease. Thus, the present study aims to examine a possible association between the polymorphism ADIPOQ 45 T> G, usual diet and MS in the elderly. Inflammatory and biochemical markers compared with older age groups were analyzed (age ≥60 anos) with and without the MS. Also in addition to the anthropometric measurements of weight, height and waist circumference, the ADIPOQ polymorphism 45 T> G was determined by PCR-RFLP and investigated dietary intake through food frequency questionnaire. The study included 111 elderly people, where 53.2% had not the MS and 46.8% had such decease. Our main results show that there was significant relationship between habitual consumption of milk for the group had MS (p <0.05), HDL-C levels, glucose, triglycerides and weight, height, waist circumference and diastolic blood pressure had to be altered in patients with the MS. There was an association between habitual dietary intake of white meat and vegetables with the haplotype TG and GG. We conclude that there is no association between the polymorphism ADIPOQ 45 T> G and MS in the group of elderly studied, however the relationship between habitual consumption of certain food groups and ADIPOQ indicate the need for further studies elucidate this relationship.

Three separate food grouping systems were derived for diet evaluation by utilizing a computer clustering program. System 1 was based on grouping of foods according to nutrient quality and quantity, system 2 was based on nutrient quality and frequency of consumption and system 3 was based on nutrient quality and kilocalories consumed. Defendable nutritional principles as well as knowledge of present nutritional concerns and eating habits of the U.S. population underpinned the derivation of the three systems. Over 4,000 individual foods were condensed to approximately 325 groups. The three food grouping systems which were developed were compared for accuracy by calculating nutrients for a mean daily food record for a random sample of 126 adults in the National Food Consumption Survey. Percent error for each of 15 nutrients was calculated for each derived system as contrasted to the value which resulted from using individual nutrient values for discrete foods. In evaluating the 3 systems the most accurate comparison resulted from the system which was based on frequency of consumption. The results of the comparison indicated that 11 of the 15 nutrients which were determined were consistent in all systems. The exceptions were vitamin A, vitamin B12, riboflavin and ascorbic acid. These inconsistencies can be attributed to the nature of the food sources and the nutrients themselves. It was demonstrated that fortified foods and food supplements which contain varying amounts of selected nutrients require individual treatment for accurate analysis. These results supported the hypothesis that a shortened dietary analysis system can be used without compromising accuracy.

Purpose/aim The aim of our dissertation is to increase consumers’ buying awareness of green food and promote green food consumption in eastern China. Approach We collect data through a questionnaire and present hypotheses through reading related scientific articles. The data analysis includes description of samples and statistical tests in the form of cross tabulations, chi squares and frequency tables. Findings The questionnaire researches consumers’ income and education levels, ages and price of green food, etc. We find ages and education levels have a significant influence on frequency of buying green food, while income levels and price have no strong influence. Originality/value An original idea is to research the current green food market, and based on it to increase the consumers’ buying awareness and promote green food consumption. Further, the empirical data is collected from different cities in the east where there is a higher demand of green food. The study has value for the debate concerning the group of people who are older and have lower education levels as our great target consumers. The result of income levels and price means consumers are more lay attention to green food quality.

Master's thesis. / Format: PDF. Bibl.

Master's thesis. / Format: PDF. Bibl.

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