Depuis la fin des années 1990, face aux risques sanitaires multiples associés à l’alimentation, les écoles sont devenues un champ d’intervention privilégié pour sensibiliser les enfants à la « bonne » alimentation. En France, diverses instances publiques se sont associées pour concevoir et diffuser de vastes campagnes info-communicationnelles à l’échelle nationale dont l’un des objectifs consiste à éduquer les enfants à un ensemble de normes et valeurs liées à ce qui est aujourd’hui désigné comme sain. Cette thèse se propose de saisir les enjeux de cette communication publique ainsi que sa circulation d’instance en instance et d’acteur en acteur jusque dans les écoles. Elle s’appuie sur une analyse sémio-pragmatique des dispositifs info-communicationnels et infopédagogiques produits de 2010 à 2015 par les instances publiques, ainsi que sur des observations participantes et des entretiens semi-directifs dans les écoles. Cette enquête fait apparaître deux logiques à l’œuvre. D’une part, traduits en prescriptions, protocoles et missions selon les différentes échelles territoriales et institutionnelles, les messages de santé publique montrent la volonté d’inculquer aux enfants des modèles normatifs afin qu’ils apprennent à diriger par eux-mêmes leurs conduites et celles des autres. D’autre part, ces prescriptions et dispositifs sont adaptés, transformés, réappropriés et détournés de leur objectif premier à chaque étape de leur circulation. À l’origine de ces transformations, les acteurs successifs forment une chaîne dont les derniers maillons sont les enfants. / Since the end of 1990s and facing up to numerous sanitary risks associated to food, schools became the favorite field of intervention to make children sensitive to so-called “proper”food. In France, diverse public authorities joined to develop and diffuse vast information and communication campaigns on a national scale. One purpose of these campaigns is educatingchildren in a set of standards, norms and values bound to what is seen today as healthy. This work is dedicated to understand what is at stake in this public communication as well as its progress through various authorities and various actors up to schools. It is built upon a semio pragmatic analysis of informative and pedagogical scheme produced between 2010 and 2015 by public authorities as well as observations and semi-directive interviews in schools. This work reveals two logics. On one hand, as messages about public health are translated into prescriptions, protocols and missions according to the various territorial and institutional scales, they demonstrate the will to instill normative models into children so that they learn to manage by themselves their conducts and those others. On the other hand, those prescriptions and devices are adapted, transformed and diverted from their first objective in every stage of their progress. At the origin of these transformations, the successive actors form a chain the last links of which are the children.

Introdução: O Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar é um dos mais antigos programas na área da alimentação, visa atender parcialmente as necessidades nutricionais dos alunos, contribuindo para o seu crescimento e desenvolvimento, e promover a formação de hábitos alimentares saudáveis. Objetivo: Analisar as percepções atribuídas por atores da comunidade escolar à alimentação escolar. Métodos: O estudo do tipo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa foi desenvolvido em escolas públicas do ensino fundamental do município de Guarulhos, São Paulo. Dentre as 63 escolas ativas em 2007, a partir da combinação de indicadores de condições socioeconômica da região, processo produtivo local e tamanho das escolas, selecionou-se uma amostra de 13 instituições. Para coleta de dados com as crianças utilizou-se a técnica do desenho. Enquanto com as merendeiras e profissionais do núcleo pedagógico aplicou-se o grupo focal, e para a equipe técnica a entrevista em grupo. As informações foram tratadas de acordo com a análise de conteúdo e discutidas com referencial teórico sobre o tema. Resultados e Discussão: Participaram do estudo 82 crianças, 22 merendeiras, 9 profissionais do núcleo pedagógico e 4 da equipe técnica. Foram identificadas percepções da alimentação escolar alicerçadas em três aspectos: do alimento, do ambiente e das relações sociais. As percepções dos atores eram concebidas de acordo com o núcleo de trabalho a que pertenciam, influenciadas pelas atribuições e funções desempenhadas pelo grupo no âmbito escolar. Apesar das diretrizes do programa apresentarem-se bem definidas, para esses grupos, na prática, demonstraramse segmentadas. Considerações Finais: Algumas questões identificadas deixaram claras as potencialidades que o programa tem para atender os objetivos propostos, no entanto, outras apontam entraves que dificultam reconhecê-lo como um programa de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional. Para que essas potencialidades sejam desenvolvidas e os entraves superados, um dos desafios, entre outros, é possibilitar ações de integração, de compartilhamento real do entendimento acerca da alimentação escolar, considerando os diferentes atores que permeiam esse momento, de forma a reconhecer estas dimensões conjuntamente / Introduction: The National Program of School Feeding is one of the oldest programs in the food area, and seeks to partially fulfill the students\' nutritional needs, contributing to its growth and development, and to promote the formation of healthy food habits. Objective: Analyze the perceptions attributed by players from the school community to school feeding. Methods: The study of descriptive type with a qualitative approach was developed in public elementary schools in the city of Guarulhos, São Paulo. Among the 63 active schools in 2007, from a combination of indicators of the region\'s socioeconomic conditions, local productive process and size of the schools, a sample of 13 institutions was selected. For data collection with the children the drawing technique was used. While with the school meal cooks and the pedagogical core the focus group was applied, and for the technical team a group interview. The information was treated according to a content analysis and discussed with theoretical referential about the matter. Results and Discussion: Eighty-two children, 22 school meal cooks, 9 pedagogical core professionals and 4 from the technical team participated in the study. School feeding perception were identified based on three aspects: the food, the environment and the social relationships. The players\' perceptions were conceived according to the work core they belonged to, influenced by the attributions and functions performed by the group in the school environment. Despite the program\'s guidelines being well defined, for these groups, in practice, they show to be segmented. Final Considerations: Some matters identified made clear the potentialities that the program has to fulfill the objectives proposed, other point out barriers that make it hard to acknowledge it as a Nutritional and Food Security program. For these potentialities to be developed and the barriers overcome, one of the challenges, among others, is to make integration actions possible, of real sharing of knowledge about school meals, considering the different players that permeate this moment, in a manner to acknowledge these dimensions as a whole

Thesis (MPhil) Stellenbosch University, 2014 / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In an increasingly complex world where food security remains a challenge in many areas and especially Africa; it is essential to educate children about food – from production to consumption; and to ensure they eat enough as this is a crucial factor for concentration and learning abilities. How can we teach children about food in a sustainable way? This study focuses on schools in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia, which have a school feeding programme, school garden and nutrition curriculum. The question studied is: To what extent do two primary schools in central- and east Tigray (North Ethiopia) integrate the feeding scheme, school garden and nutrition curriculum? The methodology chosen is a case study and the empirical data was collected through interviews, surveys and observations. Principals of 14 schools were interviewed about the school gardens, curricula and school gardens. Two schools were then selected for a further in-depth research. The school gardens, mostly initiated by the staff, serve the purpose of creating income for the school and teaching students the skills of gardening. The curriculum is standard for Tigray and focuses on different food types and creating a balanced diet. The school food in most schools is provided by the World Food Programme (WFP), but some exceptions exist. This research shows that integration between the three objectives will be beneficial. Obstacles include getting the staff ‘on board’ as a priority and controlling the unification of the three, for example schools feel that they have less ownership over the feeding scheme because it is organised by an external NGO. This study suggests stakeholders view school gardens, nutrition education and school feeding schemes under one umbrella for the ultimate benefit of creating a sustainable model to teach about food. The case study provides an insight to the specific challenges in Tigray, Ethiopia but important conclusions can also be generalised. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In ’n toenemend komplekse wêreld waar voedsel sekuriteit in baie gebiede, veral in Afrika ’n uitdaging bly, is dit baie belangrik om kinders oor voedsel op te voed - vanaf produksie tot by die verbruik daarvan, en ook om seker te maak dat hulle genoeg eet, wat baie belangrik is vir konsentrasie en die vermoë om te leer. Hoe kan ons kinders op ’n volhoubare manier leer oor voeding? Hierdie studie fokus op twee skole in Tigray, in Ethiopië wat skoolvoedingskemas, skooltuine en voedingkurrikula het. Die vraag wat gevra is, is: Tot watter mate integreer hierdie twee skole in Tigray die voedingskemas, die skooltuine en die voedingkurrikula? Die gekose metodologie is ’n gevallestudie. Empiriese data is ook deur middel van onderhoude, oorsigte en observasies versamel. Onderhoude oor skooltuine, voedingskemas en die kurrikula is gevoer met die skoolhoofde van 14 skole. Twee skole is toe gekies vir in-diepte navorsing. Die skooltuine bring geld in vir die skool en word ook gebruik om vir die leerling tuinmaakvaardighede aan te leer. Die kurrikulum is standaard vir die hele Tigray en word deur die Wêreld Voedsel Program verskaf. Daar is egter ’n paar uitsonderings. In hierdie navorsing is daar bewys dat die integrasie van die skooltuin, die voedingskema en die kurrikula, goeie gevolge kan hê. Dit is egter belangrik dat die skool personeel moet saamwerk en dat die vereniging van die drie beheer moet word. Skole voel bv. Tans dat hulle nie eienaarskap oor die voedingskema het nie, want dit word deur eksterne NROs beheer. Hierdie navorser stel voor dat die skooltuine, skoolvoedingskema en die voedingkurrikulum onder een sambreel beskou moet word met die doel om ’n volhoudbare model vir die onderrig van voeding te skep. Die gevallestudie verskaf insig in die spesifieke uitdagings in Tigray, Ethiopië, maar belangrike slotsomme kan ook veralgemeen word.

CIDRACK, Marlene Lopes. Escola Agnes June Leith: formação e práticas curriculares de visitadoras de alimentação (1944–1966). 2010. 186 f. Tese (Doutorado em Educação) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Educação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Brasileira, Fortaleza-CE, 2010. / Submitted by Raul Oliveira (raulcmo@hotmail.com) on 2012-08-06T15:37:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_TESE_MLCIDRACK.pdf: 6267502 bytes, checksum: 8f6b2f0089701487b29b99b21cb9855c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Josineide Góis(josineide@ufc.br) on 2012-08-09T11:23:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_TESE_MLCIDRACK.pdf: 6267502 bytes, checksum: 8f6b2f0089701487b29b99b21cb9855c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-08-09T11:23:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_TESE_MLCIDRACK.pdf: 6267502 bytes, checksum: 8f6b2f0089701487b29b99b21cb9855c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / A research on the constituent elements of food and nutrition expertise with its focus on both the formative space and the intervening curricular practices of the “Visitadoras de Alimentação” (Dietary Education Visitors) in the political and institutional scenario of “SAPS” (Social Security Food Service) which operated in the State of Ceará from 1944 to 1966. For the analysis of the training of those professionals. “Agnes June Leith” Dietary Education Visitors School – so–called “EVA” – was selected; it operated in the State of Ceará from 1944 to 1966 focusing on daily experiences and curricular practices of the course, concentrating its investigation on the actions of dietary education amongst working–class members, students and the population as a whole. The study was aimed at rebuilding the educational space and investigate the curriculum practices of interventional feeding visits in the political and institutional SAPS–EC in this period. The methodological approach adopted was based on Pierre Bourdieu´s Social Action Theory with its emphasis both on the notions of field and habitus, as well as on the bases of Oral History and the Theory of Curricular Criticism, a landmark which was completed by the concepts of food, meal and eating practices originated from Anthropology. The sources used were the following oral reports obtained by way of interviews with people who had been part of the referred to school, such as principals, teachers, students and employees as well as “SAPS” employees – the institution to which “EVA” BELONGED; most popular newspapers at that time, exercise books of the course on Dietary Education Visitors, annals of Conferences on Dietary Education, books, magazines, officials documents and photographs. One can arrive at the conclusion that that School played a political–cultural role in the field of Food and Nutrition Education in the State of Ceará and in Brazil, contributing to the enhancement of human resources engaged in the struggle against hunger, malnutrition and poverty, and that the Dietary Education Visitors played a part as food educators and messengers of the principles of rational eating habits, contributing to the searching process for the social representation of such expertise. / Pesquisa sobre a constituição do campo de saber em alimentação e nutrição, com enfoque no espaço formativo e nas práticas curriculares intervencionistas das Visitadoras de Alimentação no cenário político e institucional do SAPS–CE no período de 1944 a 1966. Para análise da formação dessas profissionais, tomou–se a experiência da Escola de Visitadoras de Alimentação Agnes June Leith – EVA, que funcionou no estado do Ceará neste período, com foco nas vivências cotidianas e práticas curriculares do curso, centrando a investigação nas ações de educação alimentar junto à classe trabalhadora, escolares e população em geral. O estudo teve por objetivo principal reconstruir e investigar o espaço formativo e as práticas curriculares intervencionistas das Visitadoras de Alimentação no cenário político e institucional do SAPS–CE, no período de 1944 a 1966. A abordagem metodológica foi baseada na Teoria da ação social, de Pierre Bourdieu, com destaque para as noções de campo e habitus, nos fundamentos da História Oral e da Teoria crítica de currículo, referencial que se completou com os conceitos de alimento, comida e práticas alimentares provenientes da Antropologia. As fontes utilizadas foram: relatos orais obtidos por meio de entrevistas com pessoas que fizeram parte da referida escola, como diretoras, professoras, alunas e funcionárias, e funcionários do SAPS, instituição à qual a EVA pertencia; jornais de grande circulação da época, cadernos de aula do curso de Visitação Alimentar, anais do Congresso de Visitadoras de Alimentação, livros, revistas, documentos oficiais e fotografias. Conclui–se que a Escola exerceu uma ação político–cultural no campo do saber em Alimentação e Nutrição no Ceará e no Brasil, contribuindo para a formação de recursos humanos engajados na luta contra a fome, a desnutrição e a pobreza, e que as Visitadoras de Alimentação executaram a função de educadoras em alimentação e difusoras dos princípios da alimentação racional, contribuindo no processo de busca de representação social desse saber.

El proyecto consiste en una propuesta de identidad visual y diseño de material didáctico para el programa de educación alimentaria y nutricional Cocinas Bondadosas, el cual brinda capacitación en optimización de alimentos y capacitación nutricional para mujeres líderes de comedores populares del distrito de Lurín en Lima, Perú. Se parte del supuesto de que, a través de estrategias de comunicación, el diseño gráfico puede fortalecer la transmisión de educación alimentaria del programa y mejorar la experiencia de las usuarias. El proyecto se desarrolla a partir de un enfoque de diseño centrado en el usuario a través del que se ha profundizado en un entendimiento del contexto, las necesidades y las motivaciones de las beneficiarias del programa. Por ello, se han articulado metodologías de investigación documental e investigación etnográfica con estrategias y procesos de diseño de identidad visual y diseño de información. La propuesta gráfica se conforma de elementos de la identidad visual de Cocinas Bondadosas –logotipo, paleta de colores, paleta tipográfica, iconografía y elementos gráficos de soporte– aplicados en el diseño de páginas tipo del recetario del programa, tanto en versión impresa como digital. Las validaciones realizadas con las organizaciones que impulsan el programa y con las usuarias indican que la propuesta responde a sus necesidades a través de un diseño de recetario atractivo, memorable y orientado a la acción que potencia la transmisión de educación alimentaria de Cocinas Bondadosas y es relevante en un momento de transición al medio digital. / The project consists of a proposal of visual identity and information design of educational material for the food literacy and nutrition program Cocinas Bondadosas, which provides training in food literacy and nutrition education for women leaders of community kitchens in the district of Lurín in Lima, Peru. It is assumed that, through communication strategies, graphic design can strengthen the education in food literacy and improve the user experience. The project was developed through a user-centered design approach, which focuses on a profound understanding of the context, needs and motivations of the beneficiaries of the program. To build this foundation and develop a consistent solution, the project combines primary and secondary research methodologies with graphic design methodologies and processes of visual identity design and information design. The proposal consists of elements for the visual identity system of Cocinas Bondadosas –logotype, color palette, typographic palette, iconography and imagery– applied in the design of the program's recipe book, both in print and digital versions. The validation phase carried out with both the organizations and the users indicates that the proposal responds to their needs through an attractive, memorable and actionable recipe book design that strengthens Cocinas Bondadosas’ transmission of food literacy and is relevant at a crucial time of transition to digital platforms. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

<p>STEM education is a top priority in the educational development of youth across the United States as the country tries to address the need of having a more well equipped, prepared, and educated workforce. Agriculture, food, and natural resources (AFNR) has the ability to provide a relevant context for engaging students in STEM education through experiential learning. Tragically, both STEM and AFNR struggle to reach and engage more diversified audiences, especially students of color. AFNR education provides an authentic avenue to center STEM engagement around addressing societal grand challenges like food and nutritional security, childhood-obesity, and climate change; issues faced by all communities. The approaches and steps taken to address these AFNR related grand challenges can all be explored through the lens of food systems. Food systems is a concept within AFNR that encompasses the interdisciplinary components of AFNR, STEM, and social sciences that provides a breakdown for the process and system involved in getting food from farm to fork. In an era where youth are more disconnected from understanding where their food comes from, food systems education has the ability to reconnect youth to the root of this issue and the potential to lead them to explore finding solutions to the grand challenges facing their generation. Furthermore, food systems education provides a context to engage youth in authentic learning experiences in nonformal and formal classroom settings around relevant issues with the potential to enhance their interests and concerns around these topics.</p> <p><a>The purpose of this study was to explore and describe elementary school students’ interests and concerns about the food system, and their overall engagement in the learning experience after participating in an authentic learning based Virtual Agri+STEM Camp focused on food systems education, AFNR, and STEM activities. The convenience sample for this study was made up of elementary school students between grades 3^rd and 8^th grade (<i>N</i> = 99) who were either in the classroom or participating in an at-home Agri+STEM session. The majority of these students were from rural communities and most of them were African Americans. Quantitative data was collected before and after participation in the Virtual Agri+STEM Camp experience that using the research developed Food System Interest and Food System Concern instrument. Previous AFNR related experiences were also reported by students. The researcher also used an adapted version of the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI) and STEM Semantics survey to measure student engagement and attitudes after participating in the experience. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data, which included means, standard deviations, frequencies, and percentages. To explore the relationships between each of the variables, correlations were also computed. </a></p> <p>There were four conclusions for this study. First, students that participated in the Virtual Agri+STEM Camp were motivated and engaged in the learning process while doing the Agri+STEM Camp activities. Second, students that participated in the Virtual Agri+STEM Camp were interested and concerned about the food system before and after participating in the Virtual Agri+STEM Camp. Third, African American student participants reported less previous AFNR experiences, yet they reported more interests and concerns in the food system than Caucasian American participants before and after completing the Virtual Agri+STEM Camp. Lastly, Students that felt more competent, saw the value, and were interested/enjoyed the Agri+STEM experience were more likely to be interested and concerned about the food system. Recommendations for future research and implications for practice and policy were discussed.</p>