Thesis (doctoral)--Georg-Augusts-Universität, Göttingen, 1904. / "Inaugural Dissertation zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde der Hohen Philosophischen Fakultät der Georg-Augusts-Universität zu Göttingen." Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

<p> Quality is an accumulation of attributes that satisfy customer preferences and expectations. Lamb quality is a moving target that means different things to the supply chain and sheep/lamb industry stakeholders. The objectives of this research were to determine the rank, definition, relative preference, and willingness to pay (WTP) for seven quality attributes and quantify product attributes of lamb at U.S. retail markets. Structured interviews of retail and foodservice respondents were conducted from May 2014 to March 2015 via face-to-face or telephone with lamb/protein purchaser representatives of retail (n = 60), foodservice (n = 45), and purveyor (n = 15) marketing sectors. Shares of preference (relative percentage of preference) in best/worst evaluation for all interviews indicated that eating satisfaction (38.9%) was the most important attribute. </p><p> Shares of preference for all seven specified quality attributes were statistically different from each other (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Credence attributes of origin (17.2%) and sheep raising practices (13.6%) ranked second and third overall, respectively. Physical product characteristic traits of product appearance/composition (10.5%) and weight/size (8.5%) were ranked fourth and fifth in shares of preference, respectively. Nutrition/wholesomeness (7.1%) ranked sixth and product convenience/form (4.2%) ranked seventh in the overall ranking across all sectors of retailer, foodservice, and purveyor interview respondents. </p><p> In WTP analyses, origin (25.8%) and sheep raising practices (20.0%) had the greatest likelihood of being a non-negotiable requirement for lamb purchasers. Eating satisfaction was the trait most likely to receive a premium (71.7%) from buyers, and product assurance of eating satisfaction generated the greatest average WTP premium (18.6%). This research indicated, across all sectors, eating satisfaction, defined as lamb flavor/taste, was the most important quality trait to those who purchase lamb. </p><p> In-store evaluations of retail lamb labels showed that lamb shoulder and loin chops originating from the U.S. garnered the greatest price premiums compared to either New Zealand or Australian lamb (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Lamb was merchandised to American consumers at specialty type stores at an increased price per kg premium than either locally owned or national grocery chains (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Lamb shoulder prices at retail were merchandised with the greatest premium for product of U.S. origin from a specialty store packaged in modified atmosphere packaging and labeled with local (+ $5.42/kg) and natural (+ $5.40/kg) claims (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Lamb loin prices at retail were merchandised with the greatest premium for product of U.S. origin from a specialty store merchandised in a full service case or modified atmosphere packaged and labeled with a source verified and branded (+ $7.21/kg) label claim (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Shoulder and loin chop prices analyzed via hedonic modeling were not different for store location (East, Central, and West) nor USDA process verified Never-Ever 3 claim (<i>P</i> > 0.05). </p><p> Additionally, this research indicated that lamb loin and rib chops purchased at U.S. retail markets originating from U.S. lamb were the most muscular. Loin eye area of loin chops from U.S. origin were greater (19.55 cm2) than Australian chops (16.77 cm²), and chops from New Zealand (14.52 cm²) were the least muscular (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Also, Australian lamb (0.64 cm) had a trimness advantage of external fat of loin chops compared to lamb originating from either the U.S (0.84 cm) or New Zealand (0.86 cm; <i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). </p><p> Lamb producers should strive to place a strategic emphasis on quality attributes identified in this research to ensure eating satisfaction and lamb flavor are optimized for American Lamb, and to produce lamb with product authenticity attributes requested by retail and foodservice sectors, and inevitably American lamb consumers. </p><p> An important application of the research included the development of an American lamb quality mission to: improve the consistency of quality, cutability, and marketability of American lamb with a consumer driven focus. The final phase of this project was a sheep/lamb industry strategy workshop that identified goals to: 1) Address factors contributing to lamb flavor, their impact on consumer satisfaction, and align flavor characteristics with target markets; 2) Improve lamb management to hit market-ready targets for product size, composition, and eating satisfaction while reducing production costs; and 3) Identify and capitalize on market opportunities for American lamb. A continuous improvement mentality is essential to lamb quality management throughout the supply chain in order to maintain (and increase) market share and demand for American lamb. </p>

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2008. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 142-164).

Knowledge of carcass merit will help the meat duck breeder identify superior stock and accelerate genetic improvement. Selection for leanness will enhance product acceptance by the consumer. Heritability values for carcass traits are in the medium-high range. Feed intake level during rearing is critical for reproduction. The objectives were to evaluate (1) the response of breast muscle thickness of the F1 progeny from parent breeders selected for maximum muscle thickness at market age and (2) the effect of 2 levels of feed restriction during development for subsequent egg production. In a commercial flock, 4842 Pekin ducks (Brome Lake Ducks Ltd.) were individually weighed and measured by ultrasound for breast muscle thickness (MT, mm) at 47 days of age. Three groups of 120 females and 25 males each were selected and allocated to the following groups: (1) control (CT), randomly selected; (2) maximum body weight (BW), and (3) maximum MT. From 7 to 23 wk old, one half of breeders followed a conventional restriction (CR) at 67 g feed/kg body weight daily, the other half were slightly more restricted following a Macdonald restriction (MR) at the same intake as CR but with a weekly skip-a-day feeding. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

No description available.

O experimento foi realizado na Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos no Campus de Pirassununga. Foram utilizados trinta e dois cordeiros não castrados, com 3 meses de idade e peso vivo inicial de 23 kg, sendo estes colocados em gaiolas metabólicas individuais de plástico e após 14 dias de adaptação, passaram a receber um dos tratamentos por um período de 90 dias: Controle (0,2 ppm Se; 8 ppm Cu; 0,2 5%S), Tratamento1 (5 ppm Se; 8 ppm Cu; 0,25 %S), Tratamento 2 (0,2 ppm Se; 8 ppm Cu; 0,37 %S), Tratamento 3 (5 ppm Se; 8 ppm Cu; 0,37 %S), Tratamento 4 (0,2 ppm Se; 25 ppm Cu; 0,25 %S), Tratamento 5 (0,2 ppm Se; 25 ppm Cu; 0,37 %S), Tratamento 6 (5 ppm Se; 25 ppm Cu; 0,25 %S), Tratamento 7 (5 ppm Se; 25 ppm Cu; 0,37 %S). O delineamento foi em blocos casualizados por peso, estudou-se a interação entre o selênio x enxofre x cobre, através da análise dos teores de selênio e cobre no soro, nas fezes, na urina e no fígado, hematócrito total e ganho de peso. Foi verificado que existe a interação tríplice, altas concentrações de enxofre e cobre na dieta dos cordeiros recebendo 5ppm Se, reduziram a concentração de selênio, no soro e no fígado e aumentaram a excreção de selênio pelas fezes e a eliminação pela urina. O selênio e o enxofre suplementar reduziram a quantidade de cobre absorvido e a concentração de cobre no fígado e no soro. Todos os tratamentos apresentaram um bom ganho de peso, acima de 209g/cabeça/dia, mas com alta concentração de enxofre e cobre em nível de selênio normal, o ganho de peso foi significativamente superior, chegando a 236g/cabeça/dia. O hematócrito total não foi afetado. / The experiment was conducted at the Faculty of Zootechny and Food Engeneering, Campus of Pirassununga. Thirty two not castrated lambs, three months of age, average initial weight of 23 kg were housed in indvidual metabolic plastic cages. After 14 days of adaptation period they were allocated to one of the treatments during 90 days. Control: O.2ppm Se; 8 ppm Cu; 0.25 % S, Treatment 1: 5 ppm Se; 8 ppm Cu; 0.25% S, Treatment 2: 0.2 ppm Se; 8 ppm Cu; 0.37 % S Treatment 3: 5 ppm Se; 8 ppm Cu; 0.37 % S Treatment 4: 0.2 ppm Se; 25 ppm Cu; 0.25 % S, Treatment 5: 0.2 ppm Se; 25 ppm Cu; 0.25 % S, Treatment 6: 5 ppm Se; 25 ppm Cu; 0.25 % S, Treatment 7: 5 ppm Se; 25 ppm Cu; 0.37% S. The experimental design was in randomized block by weight and it was studied the interaction among selenium, copper and sulfur, through analysis on the serum, feces, urine and liver, hematocrit and weight gain. It was verified a triple interaction, high concentrations of sulfur and copper on the diets of lambs receiving 5 ppm Se, reduced concentration of selenium on the serum and Iiver, increased the selenium excretion through feces and elimination through urine. Selenium and supplemental sulfur reduced the amount of copper absorbed and copper concentration in the liver and serum. It was a good weight gain ( higher than 209g/lamb/day), but with hight concentration of sulfur and copper for the levei normal selenium the weight gain was higher (P &#60; 0.05), in average 236g/lamb/day. The hematocrit was not affected.

Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Queensland, 2002. / Includes bibliography.

O experimento foi realizado na Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos no Campus de Pirassununga. Foram utilizados trinta e dois cordeiros não castrados, com 3 meses de idade e peso vivo inicial de 23 kg, sendo estes colocados em gaiolas metabólicas individuais de plástico e após 14 dias de adaptação, passaram a receber um dos tratamentos por um período de 90 dias: Controle (0,2 ppm Se; 8 ppm Cu; 0,2 5%S), Tratamento1 (5 ppm Se; 8 ppm Cu; 0,25 %S), Tratamento 2 (0,2 ppm Se; 8 ppm Cu; 0,37 %S), Tratamento 3 (5 ppm Se; 8 ppm Cu; 0,37 %S), Tratamento 4 (0,2 ppm Se; 25 ppm Cu; 0,25 %S), Tratamento 5 (0,2 ppm Se; 25 ppm Cu; 0,37 %S), Tratamento 6 (5 ppm Se; 25 ppm Cu; 0,25 %S), Tratamento 7 (5 ppm Se; 25 ppm Cu; 0,37 %S). O delineamento foi em blocos casualizados por peso, estudou-se a interação entre o selênio x enxofre x cobre, através da análise dos teores de selênio e cobre no soro, nas fezes, na urina e no fígado, hematócrito total e ganho de peso. Foi verificado que existe a interação tríplice, altas concentrações de enxofre e cobre na dieta dos cordeiros recebendo 5ppm Se, reduziram a concentração de selênio, no soro e no fígado e aumentaram a excreção de selênio pelas fezes e a eliminação pela urina. O selênio e o enxofre suplementar reduziram a quantidade de cobre absorvido e a concentração de cobre no fígado e no soro. Todos os tratamentos apresentaram um bom ganho de peso, acima de 209g/cabeça/dia, mas com alta concentração de enxofre e cobre em nível de selênio normal, o ganho de peso foi significativamente superior, chegando a 236g/cabeça/dia. O hematócrito total não foi afetado. / The experiment was conducted at the Faculty of Zootechny and Food Engeneering, Campus of Pirassununga. Thirty two not castrated lambs, three months of age, average initial weight of 23 kg were housed in indvidual metabolic plastic cages. After 14 days of adaptation period they were allocated to one of the treatments during 90 days. Control: O.2ppm Se; 8 ppm Cu; 0.25 % S, Treatment 1: 5 ppm Se; 8 ppm Cu; 0.25% S, Treatment 2: 0.2 ppm Se; 8 ppm Cu; 0.37 % S Treatment 3: 5 ppm Se; 8 ppm Cu; 0.37 % S Treatment 4: 0.2 ppm Se; 25 ppm Cu; 0.25 % S, Treatment 5: 0.2 ppm Se; 25 ppm Cu; 0.25 % S, Treatment 6: 5 ppm Se; 25 ppm Cu; 0.25 % S, Treatment 7: 5 ppm Se; 25 ppm Cu; 0.37% S. The experimental design was in randomized block by weight and it was studied the interaction among selenium, copper and sulfur, through analysis on the serum, feces, urine and liver, hematocrit and weight gain. It was verified a triple interaction, high concentrations of sulfur and copper on the diets of lambs receiving 5 ppm Se, reduced concentration of selenium on the serum and Iiver, increased the selenium excretion through feces and elimination through urine. Selenium and supplemental sulfur reduced the amount of copper absorbed and copper concentration in the liver and serum. It was a good weight gain ( higher than 209g/lamb/day), but with hight concentration of sulfur and copper for the levei normal selenium the weight gain was higher (P &#60; 0.05), in average 236g/lamb/day. The hematocrit was not affected.

A presença de Salmonella em 200 amostras de alimentos crus de origem animal foi investigada empregando-se os dois ensaios imunoenzimáticos rápidos TECRA&#8482; Salmonella VIA e TECRA&#8482; Salmonella UNIQUE (TECRA Diagnostics, Rosewille, NSW, Australia) e o método de cultura convencional empregado rotineiramente no Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, SP. Quarenta e cinco amostras (22.5%) foram Salmonella positivas por pelo menos um dos três métodos. O número de amostras positivas de acordo com o método analítico foi 34 (75,6%) para o método de cultura convencional, 29 (64,4%) para TECRA&#8482; Salmonella VIA e 27 (60.0%) para TECRA&#8482; Salmonella UNIQUE. O método de cultura convencional detectou quatro amostras positivas não detectadas por nenhum dos outros dois métodos rápidos. TECRA&#8482; Salmonella UNIQUE detectou sete amostras positivas não detectadas pelos demais métodos. Uma amostra foi positiva apenas pelo método TECRA&#8482; Salmonella VIA. Considerando todos os resultados (positivos e negativos) o teste de qui quadrado de McNemar indicou que as diferenças entre os resultados obtidos pelos métodos rápidos, quando comparados aos obtidos pelo método convencional, não foram estatisticamente significativas (p>0.05). / The presence of Salmonella in 200 raw food samples of animal origin was investigated by means of rapid immunoassays TECRA&#8482; Salmonella VIA and TECRA&#8482; Salmonella UNIQUE (TECRA Diagnostics, Rosewille, NSW, Australia) and the cultural procedure used routinely in Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Sao Paulo, SP. Forty-five samples (22.5%) were Salmonella positive by at least one of the three methods. The number of positive samples according to the analytical method was 34 (75.6%) for the cultural procedure, 29 (64.4%) for TECRA&#8482; Salmonella VIA and 27 (60.0%) for TECRA&#8482; Salmonella UNIQUE. The cultural method detected four positive samples that both rapid methods were unable to detect. TECRA&#8482; Salmonella UNIQUE detected seven positive samples that were not detected by the two other methods. One sample was positive by the TECRA&#8482; Salmonella VIA exclusively. Considering overall results (positive and negative) McNemar\'s chi square tests indicated that the differences between results given by the rapid immunoassays when compared to those of the cultural method were not significant (p>0.05).

Tang Chi-Yan. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 89-112). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgements --- p.vi / Table of contents --- p.viii / List of Tables --- p.xi / List of Figures --- p.xii / List of Abbreviations --- p.xiv / Chapter Chapter 1. --- General introduction --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter 2. --- Literature review --- p.4 / Chapter 2.1 --- History and prevalence of food allergy --- p.4 / Chapter 2.2 --- Mechanism and clinical symptoms of food allergy --- p.6 / Chapter 2.3 --- Tropomyosin as a major shellfish allergen --- p.13 / Chapter 2.4 --- Use of animal model in the studies of food allergy --- p.22 / Chapter 2.5 --- Future approaches for treatment of food allergy --- p.27 / Chapter Chapter 3. --- Cloning and expression of recombinant tropomyosin --- p.30 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.30 / Chapter 3.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.31 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Design of PCR primers for amplification of tropomyosin gene --- p.31 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Cloning of PCR-amplified cDNA into vector --- p.32 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Transformation of competent E. coli Ml5 cells --- p.34 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Confirmation of DNA sequence of the cloned vector --- p.34 / Chapter 3.2.5 --- Induction of the recombinant protein --- p.35 / Chapter 3.2.6 --- Purification and storage of the recombinant protein under native condition --- p.36 / Chapter 3.2.7 --- Concentration measurement and storage of the recombinant protein --- p.37 / Chapter 3.2.8 --- Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) --- p.38 / Chapter 3.2.9 --- Regeneration of the Ni-NTA column --- p.40 / Chapter 3.3 --- Results and discussion --- p.42 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- DNA sequence of the cloned vector --- p.42 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Expression of the recombinant protein --- p.42 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel eletrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) --- p.43 / Chapter Chapter 4. --- Induction of hypersensitive response to shrimp tropomyosin in mice --- p.47 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.47 / Chapter 4.2 --- Materials and methods --- p.52 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Mice and reagents --- p.52 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Animal sensitization and challenge --- p.53 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Morphological and behavioral changes --- p.54 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Tropomyosin-specific IgE level --- p.55 / Chapter 4.2.5 --- Passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reaction --- p.56 / Chapter 4.2.6 --- Tropomyosin-specific cellular proliferation level of splenocytes --- p.56 / Chapter 4.2.7 --- Cytokine profiles of splenoctyes --- p.58 / Chapter 4.2.8 --- Histological examination of small intestine --- p.59 / Chapter 4.2.9 --- Statistical analysis --- p.59 / Chapter 4.3 --- Results --- p.63 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Morphological and behavioral changes after challenge --- p.63 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Tropomyosin-specific IgE level --- p.63 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) --- p.64 / Chapter 4.3.4 --- Tropomyosin-specific cellular proliferation level of splenocytes --- p.68 / Chapter 4.3.5 --- Cytokine profiles of splenocytes --- p.70 / Chapter 4.3.6 --- Histology of small intestines --- p.76 / Chapter 4.4 --- Discussion --- p.79 / Chapter Chapter 5. --- General conclusion --- p.88 / References --- p.89