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Tyrimo objektas: Futbolininkų motyvacija. Tyrimo tikslas: Atskleisti futbolininkų motyvacijos ypatumus pasireiškus persitreniravimo sindromui. Tyrimo uždaviniai: 1. Įvertinti ir palyginti persitreniravusių ir nepersitreniravusių futbolininkų motyvaciją; 2. Atskleisti skirtumus tarp skirtingo meistriškumo futbolininkų motyvacijos po patirto persitreniravimo sindromo. Rezultatai ir išvados. Persitreniravusių ir sveikų futbolininkų sportinė motyvacija skiriasi. Persitreniravusių sportininkų motyvacijoje labiausiai vyrauja išorinės motyvacijos nesąmoningai priimto išorinio reguliavimo motyvai, o sveikų futbolininkų motyvacijoje dominuoja vidinės motyvacijos – sužinoti motyvai. Sveiki sportininkai pasižymi ryškesne vidine motyvacija, o išorinė motyvacija abiejų tiriamųjų grupių išlieka panaši. Persitreniravimą patyrusių A ir I lygos futbolo žaidėjų motyvacija iš esmės nesiskiria ir yra vidutiniška. Joje labiau vyrauja išoriniai, nei vidiniai motyvai, be to I lygos futbolo žaidėjų motyvacija aukštesnė daugumoje skalių lyginant su A lygos futbolo žaidėjų. Todėl galima daryti prielaidą, kad esant persitreniravimui, treneris turėtų kreipti didesnį dėmėsį į persitreniravusio sportininko vidinės motyvacijos stiprinimą. Statistiškai patikimi skirtumai tarp skirtingo meistriškumo futbolininkų patyrusių perstreniravimą nustatyti tik vienoje motyvacijos subskalėje t.y. vidinė motyvacija siekti tobulumo. Šiuo atveju A lygos žaidėjų motyvacija yra aukštesnė nei I lygos persitreniravusių... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Reasearch object: Football players‘ motivation specific features appearing as a result of overtraining syndrom. Research aim: Football players‘ motivation. Research goals: 1. Evaluate and compare motivation of overtrained and unovertrained footballers; 2. Discover motivation differences among footballers having divergent skills after experiencing overtraining syndrome. Results and conclusions. Sport motivation of overtrained footballers and healthy ones vary. The prevailing factors of overtrained sportmen‘s motivation are external regulation motives which are unconsciously accepted. On the contrary, for healthy footballers‘ motivation internal motives, i.e. gained motives, dominate. Healthy sportsmen are characterised by brighter inner motivation. As concerns inner motivation, it is similar with both examined groups. Motivation of overtrained and unovertrained players belonging to A and the 1st leagues does not differ in essence and is average. External motives rather than internal ones prevail in it. In addition, motivation of the 1st league players is higher in most scales in comparison with with A league players. Thus, an assumption can be made that in case of overtraining the coach should pay attention to strengthening overtrained sportsmen‘s internal motivation. In the paper statistical data on differences in each motivation scale (i.e. pursuing perfection with the help of internal motivation) among footballers of divergent skills who have experienced overtraining are... [to full text]

<p>Football is the most popular sport in the world, and it continues to have a progressive annual increase in the number of active players and the number of games played per season, which in turn, leads to an increase in the frequency of injuries. Football is extensively researched worldwide, however, some current studies confirm that the results on football injury factors are limited, as well as inconsistent and incomplete. The main aim of this study was to examine interrelating factors of football injuries through the various age groups at a designated football club. The study aimed to expose the injury risk factors and patterns present in the various age groups.</p>

In a club rugby union environment, sports nutrition information is frequently delivered to players by the central team figure, the coach. Rugby coaches in New Zealand undertake negligible formal nutrition training to become a coach, and the development of their knowledge base remains their responsibility. There is currently no literature on the nutrition knowledge level of New Zealand coaches. Internationally, literature on coaches' nutrition knowledge and dissemination of that knowledge is scarce. Research to date has used questionnaire techniques to quantify coaches' knowledge. These questionnaires have not been assessed for their psychometric properties. As such, a true measure of knowledge cannot be guaranteed from any of these contemporary studies. Therefore, the aims of this thesis were: 1) To design a nutrition knowledge questionnaire satisfying adequate statistical measures of validity and reliability; 2) To utilise the validated questionnaire to investigate the nutrition knowledge level of these coaches 3) To investigate whether or not New Zealand premier club rugby coaches provide nutrition advice to their athletes and the factors affecting this; and 4) To investigate the factors that predict coaches' knowledge. Study 1 involved designing a questionnaire that satisfied acceptable psychometric criteria of validity (content and construct) and reliability (test-retest). It was designed by an expert panel of sports dietitians and distributed to five groups, dietitians, university business staff, and nutrition, business and fitness students, selected for their expected variation in sports nutrition knowledge. Construct validity was high as indicated by significant mean knowledge score differences between the groups (p = 0.0001). Dietitians and nutrition students achieved significantly greater mean scores than the remaining groups. The questionnaire was administered a second time to the business staff and the dietitians to assess test-retest reliability, for which two methods were used. The first method involved a Pearson's product-moment correlation, and demonstrated acceptable reliability (r = 0.74-0.93), aside from the fluid sub-category (r = 0.52). The second, and more robust, method involved a percentage calculation of questions answered in an identical manner on both test occasions. A good test-retest concordance was achieved, with 81.2% duplication of responses of all questions. The findings of this study indicated that the questionnaire was suitably valid and reliable to determine the sports nutrition knowledge of New Zealand premier club rugby coaches. In Study 2, coaches (n = 168) completed the validated questionnaire, received by Internet, linked via e-mail, or (in case of inaccessibility), standard mail. Coaches responded correctly to 55.6% of all knowledge questions. Those who provided nutrition advice to their players (83.8% of the group) obtained a significantly greater knowledge score, 56.8%, than those who did not provide advice, 48.4% (p = 0.008). The study also examined the factors determining nutrition knowledge level. Significant relationships were identified between total knowledge score of all coaches and their qualifications (p = 0.0001), their own knowledge rating (p = 0.0001), whether or not they underwent nutrition training (p = 0.002) and whether or not they provided nutrition advice (p = 0.004). It can be concluded that New Zealand premier club rugby coaches are inadequately prepared to impart nutrition advice to athletes and could benefit from further nutrition training.

This thesis identifies, examines and probes the nature of women’s involvement in Australian Rules Football. Rather than have a single theoretical underpinning, an interdisciplinary approach, albeit with a feminist perspective, was applied because of the broad scope of the study. Australian Rules Football is an institution that can transcend class, race, and gender. It is also a multi-billion dollar industry. The game traces its origins back to 1858 and claims influences from rugby and an Aboriginal game called marn-grook. While it is played mainly by men, exclusively at league level, interest and involvement is not limited by gender. Academics and administrators have frequently written off women’s involvement with football. Even though scholarly interest in both sport and feminism has grown since the 1970s, little significant work has been undertaken to examine women’s interaction with Australian Rules Football. Leading Australian feminist Anne Summers rejected the notion that women could find anything of value in football apart from following players as devoted wives, mothers, girlfriends or ‘groupies.’ Through investigation of monographs and edited collections, I reveal that myriad scholars, feminists and historians have missed the point of sporting scholarship: many women enjoy involvement with football, they understand the game and its strategies and value being part of the football community in diverse and evolving capacities. The original contribution to knowledge in this doctorate is to demonstrate that while women have had a central role in the development and maintenance of Australian Rules Football since the game was founded in colonial times, their contribution has gone unacknowledged by historians and administrators. My thesis places on record those omissions. Particularly, I highlight the lack of acknowledgement and respect for the work of a woman who authored a comprehensive and seminal social history written on the game. This is the archetypal example of how women, in many roles – both professional and personal – have been marginalized, despite playing pivotal roles with Australian Rules Football. The original contribution contained in these pages tracks Australian gender relations through the social institution of Australian Rules Football. To create both space and strategies for the revaluation of women in football history, a new model of female fandom is offered. The testimony of the women included is weighty in numbers and pithy in content. The scale of interviews represents diversity in age, class, ethnicity, regionality and role or function with football. Superficially it may appear that women can be placed in taxonomy. Women’s involvement with Australian Rules Football is complex and their involvement enmeshes in the many facets and spheres of the game. The completion of this thesis follows the long overdue appointment of the A.F.L.’s first female commissioner, Samantha Mostyn, in June 2005. Without disrespecting Mostyn, this was a tokenistic cultural shift by adding a commissioner to the existing eight males with the goal of adding further business expertise, not a new insight or strategic cultural intervention. It also comes at a time when the Australian Football League’s has a new challenge to address, with the growing interest and participation in Association Football in Australia after the qualification for the 2006 World Cup. At this moment of change and contestation, Women’s Australian Rules competitions are impoverished through lack of structural and financial support while women’s Association Football, both in Australia and internationally, is flourishing.

Thesis (Ed.D.)--University of Tulsa, 1985. / Bibliography: leaves 50-55.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Nevada, Reno, 2007. / "December, 2007." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 232-243). Online version available on the World Wide Web.

Thesis (M. Pub. Health)--University of Adelaide, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 109-116).

Thesis (MA--Communication Studies) -- Auckland University of Technology, 2005. / Also held in print (261 leaves, 30 cm.) in Wellesley Theses Collection. (T 796.3330993 MAR)