Project (M.A.) - Simon Fraser University, 2006. / Theses (Dept. of Economics) / Simon Fraser University. Also issued in digital format and available on the World Wide Web.

Reproduction de : Thèse doctorat : Philosophie : Metz : 2003. / Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Notes bibliographiques.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2001. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 154-158). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2001. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 154-158). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (M. Soc. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1980. / Typescript.

In this thesis we analyze the financial performance of Football clubs following an initial public offering (IPO). We conduct several analyses using time series stock data with a focus on finding evidence of long-run underperformance and IPO over/underpricing. To this end, we estimate cumulative abnormal returns (CAR) and Jensen’s Alpha. We also analyze coefficients such as beta to describe the volatility and the link football clubs’ stocks have to the general market. We look at historical events that may have affected the movement of stock prices and confirm this by benchmarking an index (STOXX index) compiled of a number of European football teams. Our results show that football clubs do in fact follow the clear pattern of other entities and sectors and previous research with regard to underperformance in the long run. We find that football clubs’ stocks are less volatile than the general market and have a low beta. With regards to over/underpricing, we only obtain data for a few football clubs. We find small signs of underpricing but are not able to confirm that this is statistical significant due to the size of our sample.

Research in the field of bisexuality has identified that bisexuals experience a unique kind of phobia, in that phobic responses to their sexual preferences appear from both mainstream and LGBT communities. However, little research in the UK has been conducted within the arena of sport culture to cater for the particular welfare needs of bisexual athletes. As an additional consequence, there is little theorisation of bisexuality available within the context of sport sociology. This research contributes to debates in the politics of identity by exploring a fairly new landscape within sport culture using a Foucauldian analysis of power. Discourse analyses have been utilised to interpret thirteen semi-structured interviews conducted with British athletes on the topics of bi-invisibility and the general problem of homophobia. This research also contributes to discussions concerning the mobilisation of power through discourse – certain discursive practices function to legitimize normative over non-normative sexualities and queer/fluid/bisexual identities are further stigmatized and othered. The main findings suggest that exclusions are mobilised most effectively, ironically, through sport cultural practices of inclusion, in that they are almost exclusively sexual identity-based. Additionally, this study offers a theoretical explanation for the peripheralisation of bisexuality in sport culture which can shed new light on bisexual theory in mainstream culture. It makes important suggestions as to the new directions future research can take in order to advance the current knowledge bases concerning the effects of bantering. This research proposes that practices of bantering can be just as marginalising as those of bullying. In the resultant climate of covert exclusions, organizational sporting bodies could benefit from paying close attention to the disempowering effects of biphobic and homophobic language, whether humorously intended or otherwise. This is with particular respect to youth footballing academies and spectator communities.

Britain enjoys a rich historical tradition of popular protest and collective action. Due to their public and publicized nature, sporting events have been recognized increasingly as venues in which broader cultural and political meanings are enacted and debated in the postwar period. This project examines how social anxieties about immigration, unemployment, and government repression were represented and contested through violence and eventually racist aggression at football matches. From 1968 to the mid-1970s, violence among fans and with police became expected on a weekly basis within and outside British football stadiums as new forms of spectator allegiance and sports consumption emerged. British football became a contested cultural and institutional site of racisms, violence, masculinities, and national mythologies. Rather than examining football per se, the principal aim of this project is to investigate how this distinct cultural milieu became a site for the British government to enact violence against working-class citizens by manipulating moral anxieties, physical environments, police tactics, and legal prosecution. Whereas many British sociologists have focused on the motivation of crowd behavior and the group dynamics among supporter gangs, this paper looks at the response of the state, local police authorities, and the Home Office and Department of Environment. Politicians concerned with British sport helped to create oppositional, aggressive and disciplinary environments that promoted mutually reciprocating violent environments. Beginning in the late 1970s, spectators not only participated in violence, but also racial abuse, in stadium environments. Several fans protested the emergence of successful black footballers, who came to represent conflicts about immigration, job and housing competition, and race riots in postwar Britain. The environment became a cultural location that several groups recognized as a platform for the contestation and manipulation of racial and class conflict: it garnered activism from the neo-fascist National Front, spawned several anti-racist organizations, captured the attention of the Home Office responsible for public order, and garnered extensive national press coverage. Consequently, the football environment not only mirrored social and political hostilities, but produced them as well.

The body of literature investigating spectator attendance in sports has developed using various forms of regression with secondary data, leading to a series of fairly consistent findings. The aggregate secondary data that has been used in these studies, which has been effective in developing this body of knowledge, is inherently limited in its ability to explain the most basic element of the attendance issue: how individual consumers choose whether or not to attend a game. The objective of this research is to provide these consumer-level insights, specifically for games in the Canadian Football League, by utilizing a discrete choice methodology. This study generates primary data from actual consumers, while incorporating many of the standard demand determinants. The results of this study show that while the quality of both participating teams are significant predictors of demand, their relative quality is not; contradicting the uncertainty of outcomes hypothesis.

Taktiniai, tame tarpe dvikovos, puolimo ir gynybos veiksmai, yra vienas iš pagrindinių faktorių, įtakojančių galutiniam rungtynių rezultatui. Per ilgalaikį futbolo sporto šakos vystymosi laikotarpį keitėsi taktinės sistemos, puolimo ir gynybos akcentai, tobulėjo futbolininkų technika ir taktika. Mokslininkai savo tyrimais daug pasiekė didindami sportininkų morfofiziologines ir psichologines galimybes. Todėl gerėjant futbolininkų fiziniam parengtumui nepaprastai padidėjo žaidimo sparta. Futbolininkų taktinio parengimo lygis priklauso nuo to, kaip jie įsisavinę taktikos priemones, formas ir rūšis. Taktikos priemonės - tai visi technikos veiksmai ir jų atlikimo būdai, formos - individualūs, grupiniai, komandiniai veiksmai, rūšys - puolimo ir gynybos taktika, yra tyrinėta ir spręstina mokslinė problema. Tyrimo tikslas – stebėti ir analizuoti futbolininkų kontaktinius veiksmus įvairaus lygio rungtynėse, įvertinti jų efektyvumą. Buvo taikyti 4 tyrimo metodai: literatūros šaltinių analizė ir apibendrinimas, pedagoginis stebėjimas, palyginamoji analizė, matematinė statistika. Brazilijos r. dvikovų skaičius siekia iki 200, iš jų 103 pozityvios ir 97 negatyvios dvikovos. Efektyvumas 51.5 proc. Prancūzijos r. dvikovų skaičius siekia 233, iš jų 124 pozityvios ir 108 negatyvios dvikovos. Efektyvumas 53.2 proc. Lietuvos rinktinės dvikovų skaičius siekia 160, iš jų 76 pozityvios ir 84 negatyvios dvikovos. Efektyvumas 47 proc. FK „Ekranas“ komandos vidutinis dvikovų skaičius per rungtynes... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Tactical, including duel, attack and defence actions is one of the crucial indicators influencing the final result of a competition. In a long run of football development the tactical systems, attack and defence focuses has been changing, the techniques of football players improved. The scientists with their research works achieved a lot in increasing morpho physiological and psychological abilities. That is why when physical abilities of the football players improve, the speed of playing enlarged immensely. The level of tactical preparation of football players depend upon the possessing tactical tools, forms and kinds. Tactical tools are all technical actions and their ways of implementation, forms – individual, group, team actions, and kinds – attack and defence technique and all this makes the science scope which has to be analysed and solved. The aim of the analysis is to observe and analyse contact activities of football players at the matches of various level and to evaluate their efficiency. 4 methods of analysis were used: the analysis of literature sources and summarising, pedagogical observing, comparative analysis, mathematical statistics. . In the ranking of the world countries the number of combats reaches 200, out of it 103 are positives and 97 are negative ones. Brazil takes 51.5 pct. In the ranking of France countries the number of combats reaches 233, out of it 124 are positive and 108 are negative ones. Effectiveness takes 53.2 pct. The number of... [to full text]