Racism in sport has progressed from being blatant during Apartheid to being subtler in the 'New South Africa'. Using discourse analysis, this thesis focuses on how subtle racism reveals itself through the 'development' programme in rugby. 'Development' players are constructed as racially inferior to white rugby players. The white institution of rugby is portrayed as a philanthropic organisation whose aim is to 'help' 'development' players raise their levels of skill. In this way, white rugby is constructed as being non-racist. By locating 'development' subjects as being inferior, and disguising this with philanthropy, the 'development' programme serves to reproduce the oppressive power relations between whites and blacks involved in rugby as it was during Apartheid. / Thesis (M.Soc.Sci.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 1999.

The purposes of this study are (1) to make a comparison of the stipulated, assigned, and acquired duties of the head football coaches of Class AA high schools within a radius of 115 miles of Grand Prairie, Texas; and (2) to make a comparison of the stipulated, assigned, and acquired duties of the assistant football coaches of Class AA high schools within a radius of 115 miles of Grand Prairie, Texas.

Magister Philosophiae - MPhil / Sport activities are important and helpful for the general development of its participants without unfairness. Women have the same right as men to take part in the sports activities, but women face challenges of inequality throughout the world. The South African female football team has been competing at a high level and have become inspirational role models for many women and girls. Internationally, football and sport has revealed a positive effect on highlighting issues related to gender in sport. This includes a chance for women to earn self-esteem and confidence, have constructive interactions with men, and challenge unequal gender norms. However, little is known about the experiences of female footballers in institutions of higher learning with regards to some of the challenges. Therefore, this study aims to explore challenges experienced by female footballers at a HEI in the Western Cape. This study will use a qualitative method to explore a case of female footballers at a higher education institution in the Western Cape. Data was collected from 10 female footballers in two focus group discussions, as well as key informant interviews with the sport managers, sport officer and coaches of the football team. Thematic data analysis was used to analyse the data. To ensure confidentiality and anonymity, the respondents were given codes/ pseudonyms instead of using their real names. All data was treated with the strictest confidentiality and all ethics protocols have been observed. The interviews were transcribed by the researcher while raw data was coded and clustered into categories and themes as they emerge from the data. The main finding of this study reveals that there is inadequate funding for women’s football. In addition to receiving less support than that their male counterparts, there appears to be a negative attitude towards female footballers.

This study was designed to survey the 239 Class AAAA high schools in Texas from 1968 to 1975. The purpose of the study was to determine the difference in the number of wins of non-triple option and triple option teams. A Tukey t test was computed on the data received from the Class AAAA schools to determine if a significant difference existed. Computation of data revealed that in no year was there a significant difference in the number of wins of non-triple option and triple option teams. The conclusion of this investigation is the type of offensive football formation does not significantly affect the prospects of winning or losing games.

Thesis (MBA.) -- University of Limpopo, 2023 / The underrepresentation of women in management positions of rugby is a continued unresolved phenomenon not only in South Africa, but across the globe. It has been thirty years since the Brighton Declaration was adopted, which was attended 289 international states. The Brighton Declaration Conference seeks to promote the interest of women in sport; the conference in line with Sustainable Developmental Goals (also called “SDG. World Rugby has over 15 working committees that constitute less than 5 women serving as members in committees. South African Rugby Union (SARU), a custodian for rugby in South Africa, lacks women representation in senior management positions. Thus, a research conducted in women rugby in Polokwane Municipality. The aim of the research is to investigate the underrepresentation of women in management of sport and the implications for women ‘s participation in rugby sport in Polokwane Municipality, Limpopo Province. The research uses qualitative approach, and 20 participants were purposively sampled to respond to interview questions. The research findings revealed SARU’s inadequacy in developing women for management of rugby. Thus, the research recommends women empowerment through various sustainable development programs accustomed to equip women to occupy management and leadership roles. Furthermore, policy review on sport management should be considered, the review brings together women coaches, technical staff and other team officiating from various stakeholders of sports and rugby in particular. SARU has to review their inclusion policies, and implement them. World Rugby’s inclusion policies must also be implemented because in many cases inclusion policies only exist on paper.

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This is a historical and sociological case study of an East Midlands-based, African-Caribbean-founded football club, Meadebrook Cavaliers c.1970 – 2010. Essentially, it is in response to a relative lack of research on the British African-Caribbean male experience in leisure and sport; and of ‘race’ and local level (‘grass-roots’) football club social histories in the UK. Findings are gleaned from an analysis of sources traditionally employed by historians and data extrapolated through the use of ethnographic and interview techniques. This includes data collected during the researcher’s observations as a participant within the club (as a club member and player over a two-year period). Attention is paid to the formation of this largely masculine ‘black’ space; the effects of sporting success on this club’s capacity to remain representative of the local African-Caribbean community (especially men); and on how, and in what ways, the development of local black football clubs has been influenced by more recent social, economic and political developments at both the local and national levels. In doing so, the thesis demonstrates how the sporting, spatial and social development of this football club has been intimately connected to changes in the wider political, social and sporting terrains within which the club has been located. It also empirically and explicitly connects the growth and changing functions of the organisation to the changing attitudes, social realities and identity politics of the club’s largely African-Caribbean male membership and to the changing demands and expectations over time of the wider black community. The thesis shows how the club moved from its origins as a parks-based team to becoming a successful senior level football club, and finally to achieving charitable status. In doing so, it also provides an example of the ways in which longitude studies of minority ethnic and local football clubs are particularly useful in the exploration of the changing social identities and cultural dynamics of the BAME communities that constitute them. In this case, the club as a space of sport and community provides a lens through which we can see and ‘track’ how diverging experiences of social mobility, well-being, integration and racism during the last four decades, have contributed to the emergence of markedly different inter and intra-generational perceptions of what it means to be ‘black’ in this context – and thus to an increasingly heterogeneous African-Caribbean identity in late-modern Britain. Importantly, the thesis also argues that local football has, at various points during the last four decades, been both a unifying and fracturing force in helping to shape the experiences and identities of local African-Caribbean men within the region.

The development of sport in Donegal, a peripheral Irish county which was rather isolated from the more centralised areas of the British sporting 'revolution', has attracted only limited academic attention. This thesis will examine the origins and development of the GAA in Donegal between 1884 and 1934. The state of Donegal society in the late nineteeth century will be assessed and the factors which benefited, and hindered, the growth of codified sports there will be discussed. The reasons why the GAA failed to become established until the 1920s will be investigated and a comparison with provincial and national trends will be offered. The growth of clubs will be chartered through an assessment of the areas in which Gaelic games were played. The rivalry between organisers of Gaelic football and soccer will be addressed and the impact of the press on this will also be explored. The reasons for the failure of hurling within the county will also be outlined. How the GAA became integrated into Donegal society will be examined through an investigation of the role of the players, administrators and patrons in the Association and the Donegal GAA's involvement in Ireland's fight for independence will be discussed. This thesis will make a valuable contribution to the historiography of the British sporting 'revolution' while adding to the increasing range of academic writing on the development of sport in regional Irish areas.

No description available.