Background: Research has found that injury rates in football are higher in competition than during practice. However, there is little research on the association between injury rates and type of football practices and how these specific rates compare with those in competitions. Purpose: This study utilized data from the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance System (NCAA ISS) to describe men's collegiate football practice injuries (academic years 2004-2005 to 2008-2009) in 4 event types: competitions, scrimmages, regular practices, and walkthroughs. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiological study. Methods: Football data during the 2004-2005 to 2008-2009 academic years were analyzed. Annually, an average of 60 men's football programs provided data (9.7% of all universities sponsoring football). Injury rates per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs), injury rate ratios (RRs), 95% CIs, and injury proportions were reported. Results: The NCAA ISS captured 18,075 football injuries. Most injuries were reported in regular practices (55.9%), followed by competitions (38.8%), scrimmages (4.4%), and walkthroughs (0.8%). Most AEs were reported in regular practices (77.6%), followed by walkthroughs (11.5%), competitions (8.6%), and scrimmages (2.3%). The highest injury rate was found in competitions (36.94/1000 AEs), followed by scrimmages (15.7/1000 AEs), regular practices (5.9/1000 AEs), and walkthroughs (0.6/1000 AEs). These rates were all significantly different from one another. Distributions of injury location and diagnoses were similar across all 4 event types, with most injuries occurring at the lower extremity (56.0%) and consisting of sprains and strains (50.6%). However, injury mechanisms varied. The proportion of injuries due to player contact was greatest in scrimmages (66.8%), followed by regular practices (48.5%) and walkthroughs (34.9%); in contrast, the proportion of injuries due to noncontact/overuse was greatest in walkthroughs (41.7%), followed by regular practices (35.6%) and scrimmages (21.9%). Conclusion: Injury rates were the highest in competitions but then varied by the type of practice event, with higher practice injury rates reported in scrimmage. In addition, greater proportions of injuries were reported in regular practices, and greater proportions of exposures were reported in regular practices and walkthroughs. Efforts to minimize injury in all types of practice events are essential to mitigating injury incidence related to both contact and noncontact.

Magister Sport, Recreation and Exercise Science - MSRES / Football is the most popular sport in the world, and it continues to have a progressive annual increase in the number of active players and the number of games played per season, which in turn, leads to an increase in the frequency of injuries. Football is extensively researched worldwide, however, some current studies confirm that the results on football injury factors are limited, as well as inconsistent and incomplete. The main aim of this study was to examine interrelating factors of football injuries through the various age groups at a designated football club. The study aimed to expose the injury risk factors and patterns present in the various age groups. / South Africa

The National Football League (NFL) stands as one of the most visible and dominant organizations within American popular culture. However, despite being at the pinnacle of its popularity and the precipice of its seemingly last obstacle of international expansion, the last decade has seen the league confronting a series of crises that have destabilized and challenged the previously coherent meanings of the sport put out by the league and broadly recirculated within popular discourses. Propelled by these crises, the previously accepted framing of the league as “America's game” has come under increased scrutiny as media, citizens, and public officials critically reevaluate the role and merits of the league in contemporary American society. In this project I examine three cases situated in or around these crises: (1) the increased awareness of the medical dangers of playing the game, (2) the emergence of luxury stadiums, and (3) the league's philanthropic efforts. These case are an important heuristic lens for examining contemporary tensions between the NFL, identity, community, and commerce. As the league increasingly positions itself as a global media and sport corporation, it is upsetting and reshaping its historical localisms: the relationships to its fans, the cities that host its teams, and even the country which it calls home. Furthermore, the economic pressures of continual capitalist expansion as guided by neoliberal restructuring—favoring privatization, the primacy of unregulated markets, and ideologies of individual determination—require the incessant commodification of not only the NFL and its players, but also its constructed meanings. In examining these cases, this dissertation establishes and analyzes the often contradictory and contested motivations, aspirations, and meanings of the league in contemporary U.S. society.

Certified Athletic Trainers (ATCs) are expected to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) on athletes experiencing cardiac arrest, regardless of whether the athlete is wearing protective athletic equipment. The goal of this research was to determine if ATCs were able to deliver high-quality CPR over and under football shoulder pads. Forty-one ATCs completed CPR according to 2015 AHA guidelines over and under shoulder pads fitted on a manikin. CPR quality was measured with the Resusci Anne Wireless SkillReporter. Data were analyzed to compare CPR performed over and under the shoulder pads. Overall CPR score, chest compression depth, and ventilation volume were statistically significant when CPR was performed over the equipment. Equipment removal revealed to cause a delay in compression initiation. Although the data from CPR measures suggest the removal of equipment is indicated, the prolonged delay of compressions due to equipment removal should be taken into consideration before establishing best-practice recommendations.

No description available.

Aim: To access the level of racial incidents and coaching on anti-racism in football Sweden. Method: A qualitative interview was done with six coaches in different regions in Sweden. A base of eight main questions on three themes were asked – About you, Racism in football Sweden, and Working against racism in football. Interviews were semi-structured, done orally and recorded. The transcriptions were then thematically analysed. Results: The coaches expressed that the players both young and old are exposed to racial incidents, both on and off the field. Racism is manifested in jargon from diverse areas, from spectators including parents, other coaches, or referees. Coach training programmes do not have any programmes on racism. Conclusion: Racism does exist in all levels of Swedish football with a tendency to lesser incidents in junior levels. Coaches have almost non-existent training in anti-racist strategies and problems are solved ad hoc. There is a need for a structure to address this issue, both at club and federation level.

A research report submitted to the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Occupational Therapy Johannesburg, 2019 / Rugby, as a contact sport, has inherent risks of injury. Children and adolescents playing rugby at schoolboy level have a developing skeletal system and therefore injuries through this age of play may result in injuries to under-developed bones. This research study looked to identify whether the laws of rugby align to protect skeletal development of children and adolescents through law adaptations. Framework Analysis was used to develop a matrix which aligned the adapted laws of rugby with bone fusion ages. In future studies this can be used as a base for other areas of development and other sports. This matrix was further analysed to determine a severity rating scale and this scale identified some bones of the skull (occipital, sphenoid and zygomatic), upper limb (scapular, glenoid and clavicle) and lower limb (sacrum and pelvic girdle) as having a higher risk for severe injury. While these bones are at severe potential risk of injury it is important to note that only one measure of maturation was used and in future additional measures of maturation should be used. In conclusion, while the adapted laws of rugby do protect some bones of the developing skeletal system, they do not protect all of the developing bones of the skeletal system. The matrix could be used to guide future law makers in their endeavour of making the game of rugby safer for children and adolescents / MT 2020

Sponsring har utvecklats från en småskalig aktivitet förknippat med välgörenhet och företagsdonationer, till att idag anses som en vital del inom marknadsföringsstrategier omsättandes miljarder. Detta har gjort att nästintill alla företag och idrottsorganisationer använder sig av ett strategiskt sponsringsarbete, för att stödja den övriga marknadsföringsplanen. Sponsring är brett studieområde som ofta speglats ur företagens perspektiv eller ur ett elitidrottsperspektiv. Vi har därför valt att i denna studie fokusera på breddinriktade föreningar som inte har samma resurser eller möjligheter som elitklubbar och företag att bedriva sin sponsringsverksamhet. Genom djupgående intervjuer med föreningar, ämnar studien öka förståelsen för hur breddinriktade fotbollsföreningar inom Skåne arbetar med och ser på ämnet sponsring. Vi har genomfört fem semistrukturerade intervjuer med fotbollsföreningar i Skåne; BK Höllviken, Vellinge IF, GIF Nike, IF Lödde & Borgeby FK. De individer vi intervjuat är direkt delaktiga och ansvariga i föreningarnas sponsorverksamhet och innehar kunskap om ämnet. Resultatet visade att relationer och lokala nätverk har en stor betydelse för föreningarnas verksamheter. Det var också viktigt ur föreningarnas synvinkel, att företagens värdegrunder matchade föreningarnas, för att ett samarbete skulle komma till stånd. En annan aspekt som uppenbarades var att krav kring motprestationer och utbyten tycks öka när det rör sig om större summor och det är egentligen endast Höllviken och Nike som stämmer överens med den traditionella synen på sponsring som ett affärsmässigt samarbete. Utifrån studiens syfte och frågeställningar konstaterade vi att Arbetssättet inom föreningarna har i många hänseenden varit i linje med vad forskningen antyder är bra ur ett strategiskt sponsringsperspektiv. Synen på ämnesområdet är färgat av att sponsring skall fungera som ett verktyg till förbättring och utveckling av föreningarna, både verksamhetsmässigt och sportsligt. Den överlag enhälliga positiva synen på sponsring innefattades även av en viss medvetenhet kring negativa aspekter med ämnesområdet. Avslutningsvis anser vi att samtliga föreningar i vår studie bedriver en väl fungerande sponsringsverksamhet, med hänsyn till de förutsättningar som finns i form av ideella krafter, tidsnöd och en låg sportslig nivå. En tänkbar förklaring till föreningarnas välmående sponsringsverksamheter tros enligt författarna vara att studieobjekten är belägna i mindre orter och lokala samhällen utanför storstaden Malmö, där förutsättningarna visats vara mer gynnsamma. / Sponsoring within sports is a wide subject with a lot of research done about it. However almost all of the research has been about the companies view on why they sponsor a club or from an elite perspective. Therefore, we have chosen to focus on the width-oriented football clubs that may not have the same resources or opportunities to deal with sponsoring as the big elite clubs have. The aim of this study is to through interviews with width-oriented football clubs in Skåne increase the understanding about how they view and work with sponsoring. The results of the study show that the money helps the everyday work and contributes evolving the club in all departments. Important to the clubs is that the sponsors share the same values and that the local network and relations have a big meaning for the clubs. The overall positive view on sponsoring concludes a certain awareness around the negative aspects with the subject.

The aim of this study is to examine the differences in news reporting regarding the Swedishfemale Olympic team in Football and the Swedish mens’ UEFA European football championship team. To achieve this, the paper will conduct a quantitative analysis on all the articles written during the chosen championships on the Swedish website Fotbollskanalen.se.The material used for this paper is all collected from Fotbollskanalen.se’s archive where over600 articles were found within both championships. Furthermore, the thesis will provide an analysis by applying framing and gender theories to critically review the articles fromFotbollskanalen.se. The result will highlight the differences and similarities in the reporting regarding both genders.

It is the purpose of this study (1) to determine the theories and techniques of the pass offense in football; (2) to analyse the basic fundamentals and skills of the high school pass offense; (3) to compile a list of essential T formation passing drills; and (4) to determine the relative importance of the basic fundamentals and skills of high school T formation pass offense.