The thesis deals with a design of the river Labe bridging in the city Hradec Kralove. In order to make option for cyclists and pedistrians to cross between shores. There were made three design variants. For detailed solution curved twin-arm arched structure was chosen. The aim of the thesis was design and assessment of Bering strucutre of the footbridge according ultimate limit states and serviceability limit state given by valid Eurocodes.

Este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento de metodologia para avaliar a utilização do Sistema de Posicionamento Global (GPS) como ferramenta de pesquisa no estudo do comportamento dinâmico de obras viárias. Para ser caracterizado como um instrumento de medição, foi estudada a potencialidade de um método, que se fundamenta numa forma específica de coleta e processamento de dados GPS; análise dos resíduos resultantes do processamento da dupla diferença de fase e aplicação de análise espectral para filtragem de informações indesejáveis (multicaminhamento dos sinais GPS). A coleta envolve um oscilador eletro-mecânico, especialmente projetado, que permite calibrar as medidas de amplitude e freqüência das oscilações mensuráveis pela obra sob teste. Inúmeros experimentos foram realizados em ambientes de reflexões e difrações variáveis e com diversos tipos de receptores e antenas GPS. Alguns ensaios foram realizados utilizando, simultaneamente, equipamentos como transdutores de deslocamento, acelerômetros e estações totais. Comparando os resultados obtidos, mesmo com valores prescritos em normas e códigos, afirma-se que o GPS, sob o método de coleta de dados testado, é um instrumento confiável para detecção e caracterização do comportamento dinâmico de estruturas, apresentado confiabilidade para as medições realizadas, da ordem de décimos de milímetro. Quanto à detecção das freqüências, as mais baixas ficam comprometidas pela presença do multicaminhamento e as mais elevadas têm a detecção limitada pela máxima taxa de coleta dos receptores (Lei de Nyquist) / This work presents the development of a methodology to appraise the use of Global Positioning System (GPS) as a tool for researching of dynamic behavior of road transport structures. To be characterized as an instrument for measuring it was studied the potentiality of one method which includes a specific mode of GPS data collection; analyses of double difference phase residuals and application of spectral analyses and filtering for excluding undesirable information (multipath). The GPS data collected applies an electro-mechanical oscillator, specially built for that, which permits to calibrate the measures of frequency and amplitude of structure’s oscillations under dynamic load test. Several field tests were carried out in vicinities with high and low capacity of causing signal reflections and diffractions and with different types of GPS receivers and GPS antennas. A couple of fields were carried out using, at the same time, transducers of displacement, accelerometers and total stations. Comparing these results obtained even with values of codes, it is affirmed that GPS, under the data collection method tested, it is a trustworthy instrument for detection and characterization of dynamic behavior of structures, presenting reliability of measures ranging around tenths of millimeters. The very low frequencies are highly degraded by multipath and very high frequencies have its detection limited by the receiver data rate (Theorem’s Nyquist)

Due to the emergence of new materials and advanced engineering technology, slender footbridges are increasingly becoming popular to satisfy the modern transportation needs and the aesthetical requirements of society. These structures however are always &quotlively" with low stiffness, low mass, low damping and low natural frequencies. As a consequence, they are prone to vibration induced by human activities and can suffer severe vibration serviceability problems, particularly in the lateral direction. This phenomenon has been evidenced by the excessive lateral vibration of many footbridges worldwide such as the Millennium Bridge in London and the T-Bridge in Japan. Unfortunately, present bridge design codes worldwide do not provide sufficient guidelines and information to address such vibrations problems and to ensure safety and serviceability due to the lack of knowledge on the dynamic performance of such slender vibration sensitive bridge structures. A conceptual study has been carried out to comprehensively investigate the dynamic characteristics of slender suspension footbridges under human-induced dynamic loads and a footbridge model in full size with pre-tensioned reverse profiled cables in the vertical and horizontal planes has been proposed for this purpose. A similar physical suspension bridge model was designed and constructed in the laboratory, and experimental testings have been carried out to calibrate the computer simulations. The synchronous excitation induced by walking has been modelled as crowd walking dynamic loads which consist of dynamic vertical force, dynamic lateral force and static vertical force. The dynamic behaviour under synchronous excitation is simulated by resonant vibration at the pacing rate which coincides with a natural frequency of the footbridge structure. Two structural analysis software packages, Microstran and SAP2000 have been employed in the extensive numerical analysis. Research results show that the structural stiffness and vibration properties of suspension footbridges with pre-tensioned reverse profiled cables can be adjusted by choosing different structural parameters such as cable sag, cable section and pretensions in the reverse profiled cables. Slender suspension footbridges always have four main kinds of vibration modes: lateral, torsional, vertical and longitudinal modes. The lateral and torsional modes are often combined together and become two kinds of coupled modes: coupled lateral-torsional modes and coupled torsionallateral modes. Such kind of slender footbridges also have different dynamic performance in the lateral and vertical directions, and damping has only a small effect on the lateral vibration but significant effect on the vertical one. The fundamental coupled lateral-torsional mode and vertical mode are easily excited when crowd walking dynamic loads are distributed on full bridge deck. When the crowd walking dynamic loads are distributed eccentrically on half width of the deck, the fundamental coupled torsional-lateral mode can be excited and large lateral deflection can be induced. Higher order vertical modes and coupled lateral-torsional modes can also be excited by groups of walking pedestrians under certain conditions. It is found that the coupling coefficient introduced in this thesis to describe the coupling of a coupled mode, is an important factor which has significant effect on the lateral dynamic performance of slender suspension footbridges. The coupling coefficient, however, is influenced by many structural parameters such as cable configuration, cable section, cable sag, bridge span and pre-tensions, etc. In general, a large dynamic amplification factor is expected when the fundamental mode of a footbridge structure is the coupled lateral-torsional mode with a small coupling coefficient. The research findings of this thesis are useful in understanding the complex dynamic behaviour of slender and vibration sensitive suspension footbridges under humaninduced dynamic loads. They are also helpful in developing design guidance and techniques to improve the dynamic performance of such slender vibration sensitive footbridges and similar structures and hence to ensure their safety and serviceability.

Este trabalho de pesquisa apresenta como objetivo principal o desenvolvimento de investigação experimental dinâmica sobre estrutura real de uma passarela tubular mista aço-concreto. O sistema estrutural objeto deste trabalho corresponde a uma passarela composta por três vãos (32,5m, 17,5m e 20,0m, respectivamente) e dois balanços (7,50m e 5,0m, respectivamente), com comprimento total de 82,5m. A passarela com estrutura contínua de aço com as ligações soldadas se apoia em quatro pórticos também de aço. Estruturalmente está constituída por duas treliças planas que se interligam através de contraventamentos horizontais fixados na corda superior e inferior da treliça e lajes de concreto, formando um sistema misto com interação completa. A estrutura está submetida correntemente à travessia de pedestres e ciclistas. Testes experimentais foram realizados sobre o sistema estrutural e confrontados com resultados numéricos. Para a modelagem numérica do sistema são empregadas técnicas usuais de discretização, via método dos elementos finitos (MEF), por meio do programa ANSYS. Os resultados experimentais são analisados de acordo com a metodologia desenvolvida, sendo realizada análise modal experimental para a determinação das propriedades dinâmicas: freqüências, modos e taxa de amortecimento, enquanto que os resultados da estrutura, em termos de aceleração de pico, são comparados com os valores limites propostos por diversos autores, normas e recomendações de projeto, para uma avaliação do desempenho da estrutura em relação a vibração quando solicitada pelo caminhar dos pedestres no que diz respeito a critério para conforto humano. / This research has as main objective the development of a dynamical experimental investigation of a real structure a tubular composite steel-concrete footbridge. The structural system of this study corresponds to a footbridge composed by three spans (32,5m, 17,5m and 20,0m, respectively) and two overhangs (7,50m and 5,0m, respectively), spanning 82,5m. The investigated structural model is composed by a continuous tubular steel structure with welded connections supported by four double file steel columns. It is structurally composed of two plane trusses are intertwined by horizontal bracing set in upper and lower chord of the truss and slabs of concrete, forming effective composite with complete interaction. This structure is currently submitted to pedestrians and cyclists crossing. Experimental tests were carried out on the structural system and with the numerical results. For the numerical modeling, discretization techniques via finite element method were applied, based on the ANSYS program. The experimental results were analyzed according to the developed methodology, and a modal analysis was implemented to determine the dynamical properties: frequencies, mode shapes and modal damping ratio, while the structure results in terms of peak acceleration, was obtained and compared to the limit values proposed by several authors and design recommendations, for the structure performance by pedestrian walking regarding the acceptance criteria for human comfort.

Este trabalho de pesquisa apresenta como objetivo principal o desenvolvimento de investigação experimental dinâmica sobre estrutura real de uma passarela tubular mista aço-concreto. O sistema estrutural objeto deste trabalho corresponde a uma passarela composta por três vãos (32,5m, 17,5m e 20,0m, respectivamente) e dois balanços (7,50m e 5,0m, respectivamente), com comprimento total de 82,5m. A passarela com estrutura contínua de aço com as ligações soldadas se apoia em quatro pórticos também de aço. Estruturalmente está constituída por duas treliças planas que se interligam através de contraventamentos horizontais fixados na corda superior e inferior da treliça e lajes de concreto, formando um sistema misto com interação completa. A estrutura está submetida correntemente à travessia de pedestres e ciclistas. Testes experimentais foram realizados sobre o sistema estrutural e confrontados com resultados numéricos. Para a modelagem numérica do sistema são empregadas técnicas usuais de discretização, via método dos elementos finitos (MEF), por meio do programa ANSYS. Os resultados experimentais são analisados de acordo com a metodologia desenvolvida, sendo realizada análise modal experimental para a determinação das propriedades dinâmicas: freqüências, modos e taxa de amortecimento, enquanto que os resultados da estrutura, em termos de aceleração de pico, são comparados com os valores limites propostos por diversos autores, normas e recomendações de projeto, para uma avaliação do desempenho da estrutura em relação a vibração quando solicitada pelo caminhar dos pedestres no que diz respeito a critério para conforto humano. / This research has as main objective the development of a dynamical experimental investigation of a real structure a tubular composite steel-concrete footbridge. The structural system of this study corresponds to a footbridge composed by three spans (32,5m, 17,5m and 20,0m, respectively) and two overhangs (7,50m and 5,0m, respectively), spanning 82,5m. The investigated structural model is composed by a continuous tubular steel structure with welded connections supported by four double file steel columns. It is structurally composed of two plane trusses are intertwined by horizontal bracing set in upper and lower chord of the truss and slabs of concrete, forming effective composite with complete interaction. This structure is currently submitted to pedestrians and cyclists crossing. Experimental tests were carried out on the structural system and with the numerical results. For the numerical modeling, discretization techniques via finite element method were applied, based on the ANSYS program. The experimental results were analyzed according to the developed methodology, and a modal analysis was implemented to determine the dynamical properties: frequencies, mode shapes and modal damping ratio, while the structure results in terms of peak acceleration, was obtained and compared to the limit values proposed by several authors and design recommendations, for the structure performance by pedestrian walking regarding the acceptance criteria for human comfort.

Este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento de metodologia para avaliar a utilização do Sistema de Posicionamento Global (GPS) como ferramenta de pesquisa no estudo do comportamento dinâmico de obras viárias. Para ser caracterizado como um instrumento de medição, foi estudada a potencialidade de um método, que se fundamenta numa forma específica de coleta e processamento de dados GPS; análise dos resíduos resultantes do processamento da dupla diferença de fase e aplicação de análise espectral para filtragem de informações indesejáveis (multicaminhamento dos sinais GPS). A coleta envolve um oscilador eletro-mecânico, especialmente projetado, que permite calibrar as medidas de amplitude e freqüência das oscilações mensuráveis pela obra sob teste. Inúmeros experimentos foram realizados em ambientes de reflexões e difrações variáveis e com diversos tipos de receptores e antenas GPS. Alguns ensaios foram realizados utilizando, simultaneamente, equipamentos como transdutores de deslocamento, acelerômetros e estações totais. Comparando os resultados obtidos, mesmo com valores prescritos em normas e códigos, afirma-se que o GPS, sob o método de coleta de dados testado, é um instrumento confiável para detecção e caracterização do comportamento dinâmico de estruturas, apresentado confiabilidade para as medições realizadas, da ordem de décimos de milímetro. Quanto à detecção das freqüências, as mais baixas ficam comprometidas pela presença do multicaminhamento e as mais elevadas têm a detecção limitada pela máxima taxa de coleta dos receptores (Lei de Nyquist) / This work presents the development of a methodology to appraise the use of Global Positioning System (GPS) as a tool for researching of dynamic behavior of road transport structures. To be characterized as an instrument for measuring it was studied the potentiality of one method which includes a specific mode of GPS data collection; analyses of double difference phase residuals and application of spectral analyses and filtering for excluding undesirable information (multipath). The GPS data collected applies an electro-mechanical oscillator, specially built for that, which permits to calibrate the measures of frequency and amplitude of structure’s oscillations under dynamic load test. Several field tests were carried out in vicinities with high and low capacity of causing signal reflections and diffractions and with different types of GPS receivers and GPS antennas. A couple of fields were carried out using, at the same time, transducers of displacement, accelerometers and total stations. Comparing these results obtained even with values of codes, it is affirmed that GPS, under the data collection method tested, it is a trustworthy instrument for detection and characterization of dynamic behavior of structures, presenting reliability of measures ranging around tenths of millimeters. The very low frequencies are highly degraded by multipath and very high frequencies have its detection limited by the receiver data rate (Theorem’s Nyquist)

The theme of this thesis is structural design of the load bearing structure of a footbridge over the river Dyje Znojmo. Span of the footbridge is 30 meters and width is 3.8 meters.

The theme of the diploma thesis „Brno brownfields by the Svitava River“ Is design of contemporary city structure in Brno Husovice. The theisis deals with the analysis of the current situation, definition of problems and opportunities in the location and the design, based on these researches. Studied area is located on the riverbank of the Svitava River and is defined by Provazníkova, Dukelská třída and Svitavské nábřeží streets. In these days there are mostly located brownfields of the previous industry parks, storage spaces and development of family houses. The design puts emphasis on the gentle merge with the urban structure of the old Husovice and focuses on using modern architectonic and urban approaches as well, for example on multifunctionality of buildings. The riverbank is revitalised and attractive features are designed here, like the footbridges conneting both river sides and sittable stairs. These designs provide space for leisure time and a water control during the floods as well. The traffic solution is concerned on the design of the new Nová Dukelská street, connecting formerly Zbrojovka industry park and Provazníkova street.

The subject of this master’s thesis is the design and assessment of footbridge in Železný Brod across the Jizera river. The preliminary assessment contains 3 different variants of footbridges. Based on the multi-criteria analysis will be chosen the most suitable type for detailed design. Detailed static analysis contains assessment of the main load-bearing parts of the structure including joints. The length of span is 60,0 m and the width of passage is 2,5 m. The structure is made of steel class S355 and S460.

The thesis deals with design and static assessment of the steel railway bridge with a span 36,6 m. The bridge is located on the two-track corridor line Košice - Púchov. It consists of two bridge structures connected by a longitudinal expansion joint. The main construction consists of four solid welded beams mounted on steel calotte bearings. The bridge deck is the top with a tub for the track bed, which is continuous at the site of the bridge. Bridging the bridge is secured by a track bed and a horizontal and lateral truss bracing. On both sides of the bridge are pedestrian walkways with a width of 1,5 m.