With development and advancement of notebook, at the same time it brings its cooling problem, it is very important that use outside surface cooling except inside. The main in study is simulate of electronic cooling in Notebook outside surface, design force convection models and placed them under the Notebook, force convection has immediate effect on the surface and produce heat dissipation. The simulation uses software FLUENT 6.0 to analysis the result of heat dissipation, the models are constructed and described by use turbulent field of three dimensions. The study has two main parameters¡GThe form of force convection models and controlled airflow. The result of numerical analysis use Nusselt number to determine the effect of heat dissipation. According to the result of numerical analysis to increase effect of heat dissipation for the following methods¡G1. Increase airflow across the designed models, 2. Decrease the angle of elevation when using notebook, 3. Airflow enter the designed models by one entrance and leave by the side exports, 4. When airflow pass through the designed models smoothly, 5. Airflow can influence the notebook surface immediately.

This research shows an experimental set-up of measuring forces acting on single cylinder in cross flow provided by a water tunnel. Water was also released at various directions from the cylinder surface to study the effect of momentum injection on cylinder forces. The fluid forces on the cylinder was measured by a strain gauge bonded on long-thin plat which is connected to the cylinder. The drag and lift coefficients of the cylinder were measured with momentum injection of various direction and magnitude. Experimental results show that the drag coefficient is effectively reduced with momentum injection at streamwise direction. Negative drag coefficient (propulsion) can be obtained if the magnitude of momentum inject is large enough. When the momentum injection has cross-stream component, lift force is obtained with its value depending on the magnitude of momentum injection. For higher Reynolds number, the magnitude of momentum injection has to be increased to maintain the effectiveness of momentum injection.

­ì¤l¤OÅã·LÃè(AFM)¯à¦b®ð¬Û¡B¯uªÅ¡B¤Î±µªñ¥Í²z±ø¥óªº²G¬Û¤¤ª½±µ¶i¦æªí­±³æ¤À¤lªºÆ[´ú¡C¦ý¼Ë«~¤À¤l³Q©T©w«á¡A¨äµ²ºc¬O§_»P¦ÛµMª¬ºA¬ÛÃö¡A»á¥O¤H½èºÃ¡C ¥»¬ã¨s°w¹ï¶³¥À¤ùªí­±¶i¦æ¤Æ¾Ç­×¹¢¡A§Q¥ÎºëÓi(spermine)¤j¤j´£°ª¤F°òªOªí­±§lªþDNAªº¯à¤O¡C¹B¥Î»E¦X¤À¤lÃì²Î­p¤ÀªR²z½×(statistical polymer chain analysis)¡A¥H¤TºØ¤£¦Pªø«×ªº½u«¬DNA¤À¤l¡A®Ú¾ÚAFM¼v¹³¤À§O§@¤À¤l½ü¹øÁ`ªø(contour length, L)¤Î¥¼ºÝ¨âÂI¶ZÂ÷(end-to-end distance, R)ªº´ú¶q¡A¥H<R2>»PL¤§¬ÛÃö©Ê±Àª¾¼v¹³¤¤ªºDNA¤À¤lªí²{ªº¬O3D¥ßÅé®·®»ºAºc«¬(three-dimensional trapped configuration)¡A¦Ó«D¤À¤l¦b2DªÅ¶¡­«·s«Ø¥ß¥­¿Å«áªºµ²ºc¡C¥t¥~¡AÂǧïÅÜDNA¼Ë«~²Gºw¦b¶³¥À¤ù¤W°®Àꪺ®É¶¡¡A©Ò³y¦¨°òªO§lªþ¤À¤l¼Æ¥ØªºÅܤơA°t¦X¤£¥i°fÂX´²¹B°Ê¼Ò«¬±o¨ì¤F¤À¤l¥Ñ²G¬Û¨ì¹Fªí­±¿é°e¹Lµ{¤§ÂX´²«Y¼Æ¡C ¦b©Ý¾ë²§ºc酶(topoisomerase)»P¶Ê¤ÆDNA¤À¤l¤ÏÀ³¹êÅ礤¡AAFM©úÅã¿ëÃÑ¥XDNA¤À¤l¦b©Ý¾ëºc§Î¤WªºÂà¤Æ¡A¬Æ¦Üª½±µ¬Ý¨ì¸Ñ±Û¾÷¨î¤¤©Ý¾ë酶¤À¤l»PÂùªÑDNA¤¤¤@±ø³æªÑªº§@¥Î¡C

The objective of this study is design and manufacture a tube hydroforming machine with counter feeding and axial feeding, which includes a forming apparatus, hydraulic system and control system. Using computer program to execute the loading path and correct by sensors. To test the function of the machine, carry out the experiments of T,Y-shape hydraulic bulging with annealed AA6063-T5 and 6011A aluminum, which by different working path, and using the experiments to analyze the influences of these parameters on the formability of the tubes.

名古屋大学博士学位論文 学位の種類:博士(リハビリテーション療法学) (課程) 学位授与年月日　平成22年9月30日

Abstract Balanced Scorecard addressed by Kaplan and Norton in 1990s, it is available to measure performances for future organization. Not only to improve tradition performance measurement system by financial result but also think about the effect of customer, internal business and innovation and learning perspectives. By developing 4 perspectives of Balanced Scorecard equally, we can achieve the purpose of accomplishing the objective of building the firm forever. This study attempts to construct measurement indicators of 4 Scorecard perspectives for commercial laboratories by breaking through the barriers that could not link strategy and performance measurement before. We can use this tool to manage business strategy efficiently and effectively. This study is to analyze that SGS Taiwan ¡V Material & Engineering Laboratory implements a managing tool - Balanced Scorecard (BSC) to manage business strategy for a commercial laboratory. First of all, we analyze this industry environment through the effect of ¡§Five Force¡¨ addressed by Porter and the SWOT analysis for Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threat. Clearly identify core competences and competitive advantages for SGS Material & Engineering Laboratory. Second, translating Corporate Strategy into Business Strategy, developing operation action plan to meet market requirement in the future. Third, by employing the theory of Balanced Scorecard, we have derived the priority measurement indicators for financial perspective, customer perspective, internal business perspective and innovation and learning perspective for the commercial laboratories. We can use this managing tool ¡V BSC to link that implements solid actions and reviews all performance measurements tightly. This study wishes to strengthen capability and submit suggestions to other commercial laboratories for references and benchmark, enable them to provide best and integrated services for all industry and business enterprises in Taiwan who are pursuing quality.

This thesis describes the open-loop behavior of an ionic polymer metal composite (IPMC) strip as a novel actuator, the empirical force and position models, the control system and the improved dynamic characteristics with the feedback control implemented. Ionic polymer metal composite is a novel polymer in the class of electroactive polymers. IPMC consists of a base polymer coated with electrodes made up of highly conducting pure metals such as gold. The actuation behavior of IPMC can be attributed to the bending of an IPMC strip upon application of voltage across its thickness. The main reasons for the bending are ion migration on the application of voltage and swelling and contraction caused by water content. An experimental setup to study the open-loop force and tip displacement of an IPMC strip in a cantilever configuration was developed, and real time controllers were implemented. In open loop, the force response of the IPMC strip of dimensions 25 mm x 3.9 mm x 0.16 mm to a 1.2-V step input is studied. The open-loop rise time was 0.08 s and the percent overshoot was 131.62 %, while the settling time was about 10 s. Based on this open-loop step response using a least-square curve-fitting methodology, a fourth-order empirical transfer function from the voltage input to the force output was derived. The tip displacement response of an IPMC strip of dimensions 23 mm x 3.96 mm x 0.16 mm to a 1.2-V step input was also studied. The step response exhibited a 205.34 % overshoot with a rise time of 0.08 s, and the settling time was 27 s. A fourth-order empirical transfer function from the step input to the tip displacement as output was also derived. Based on the derived transfer functions lead-lag feedback controllers were designed for precision control of both force and displacement. The control objectives were to decrease the settling time and the percent overshoot, and achieve reference input tracking. After implementing the controllers, the percent overshoot decreased to 30% while the settling time was reduced to 1.5 s in case of force control. With position control, the settling time was reduced to 1 s while the percent overshoot decreased to 20%. Precision micro-scale force and position-control capabilities of the IPMC were also demonstrated. A 4 ?N force resolution was achieved, with a force noise of 0.904-?N rms. The position resolution was 20 ?m with a position noise of 7.6-?m rms.

This thesis presents an improved method for dynamic force computation applicable to both electrostatic and electromagnetic conductors with complex 3D geometries. During the transient simulation of electrostatic actuated MEMS, the positions of the conductors as well as the potential applied to the conductors may change, necessitating recalculation of electrostatic forces at each time step of computation. Similarly, during the simulation of electromagnetic actuated MEMS, the current re-distribution in the conductors requires recalculation of electromagnetic forces at each time step. In this thesis, a simple method based on the principles of fast multipole algorithm is explored to effectively recalculate the potential coefficients to compute the surface charges and thereby forces during transient simulation of electrostatic conductors. The proposed method improves the speed of electrostatic force computation by 15 - 60% at each time step, depending on the displacement, with an error less than 3%. Electromagnetic forces are also computed by the same method. In addition, an efficient method is also presented for electrostatic analysis of dummy metal filled interconnects.

This dissertation explores the role of public opinion in U.S. presidential decisions to employ various alternatives in response to an international crisis. Presidents may choose from a range of force alternatives, including non-force alternatives, troop mobilizations, air strikes or ground assaults. Using the Poliheuristic Theory, I argue that public attitudes toward the use of force in a given crisis play a key role in the decision making process leading to such choices. The direction and intensity of public opinion is driven by a relative value assessment by which the public determines whether the benefits of a use of force are worth the costs. Presidents are aware of this relative value assessment and rule out crisis responses that are likely to violate the public's preferences in the first stage of the decision making process. In the second stage, presidents choose among the remaining alternatives by weighing the relative merits of each with respect to military and international-strategic implications. To test hypotheses following from this theoretical argument, I employ two methodological approaches. The first is statistical analysis. I develop a new data set of presidential crisis response choices and expand an existing data set on U.S. public attitudes toward the use of force, from 1949 to 2001. Using two extant data collections identifying international crises, I conduct Ordered Logit analyses, which produce results that are largely supportive of the hypotheses. The second methodological approach is the case study method. I conduct two detailed case studies of decisions to use force in Bosnia (1995) and Afghanistan (2001). These analyses are also supportive of the theoretical argument. I conclude that presidents are largely responsive to public opinion in the selection of crisis responses.

In the past, due to the duplication technology and mass production, the industries in Taiwan had the chance to grow rapidly. But because of the high strength at a low cost, China has become a world factory in recent years and Taiwan can no longer keep the leading position in manufacturing. The shortened product lifespan certainly plays an important role. Taiwan is now facing a challenge of maintaining the competitiveness and sustainability. Each enterprise faces different threats in business environment, and the solutions they carried out would make a great impact on the applied strategies. The quantitative and SWOT methods were used in this study in order to analyze the advantages, disadvantages, opportunities and threats they faced in period of transition; how they reacted under influence of company culture and resources was also explored and it is hoped that the correct transforming timing, direction and strategy can then be made. HY Company was the subject of the case study. Their investment was doubled after the transformation because the expensive components and equipments are required for aerospace applications and safety is the main concern for production. Special quality control and production process both have to be well monitored. Staff trainings are conducted constantly. However, the cost structure or management system is facing huge challenge. According to the analysis of Boeing, aerospace industry will keep on growing in the coming 15 years. It undoubtedly is the best opportunity to transform the local traditional machining business into the international aerospace industry. It is hoped that the systematic assessment method can help the business owner to make the correct decisions and possess the unique competitive advantage, such as applying the high efficient management system to manufacture products that cannot be reproduced and the reliable quality as well as the stable delivery can provide an un-replaceable value, hence. this is the key factors of making a successful transformation.