Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2005. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2002. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oklahoma. / Bibliography: leaf 122.

Hollow-fibre liquid-phase microextraction (HF-LPME) was introduced in 1999 as a miniaturised version of liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) in order to reduce the consumption of organic solvents and offer an environmentally-friendly approach to extraction procedures. Since then, several studies have been published in the field of forensic and clinical toxicology applying the technique to a broad range of analytes; however more studies are necessary regarding its applicability to bioanalyses. The principle of HF-LPME is the extraction of analytes across a thin supported liquid membrane within the walls of a hollow fibre from a donor phase (DP) into an acceptor phase (AP). It is an extraction technique that encompasses several parameters that require optimisation for an efficient method; this is most effectively achieved by utilising a design of experiment (DoE) approach rather than the conventional one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) approach. The main aim of this work is to further investigate the applicability of HF-LPME to the fields of forensic and clinical toxicology by developing and validating methods to extract various drugs from different biological matrices. Complex matrices, such as whole blood, are commonly used in forensic toxicology. Considering that not many studies have been performed on the application of HF-LPME to whole blood (only 10 up to the present day), this is an aspect that requires further investigation. For this, a fast, accurate and precise 3-phase HF-LPME method followed by LC-MS/MS analysis was developed and validated to simultaneously quantify 5 NBOMe drugs in human whole blood. NBOMe drugs are a group of substances part of the so-called “novel psychoactive substances” (NPS); drugs that have been emerging with increasing frequency over the last few years. NBOMes are associated to deaths as the causa mortis, and due to their high potency, these drugs are normally abused in micrograms. For that reason, the HF-LPME method developed had to present high sensitivity (LOD of pg/mL). The aim of the second part of this project was to challenge HF-LPME further by developing and validating methods to assess the potential application of HF-LPME in multi-drug analyses. Urine was selected as biological matrix, and the group of chosen analytes were 14 anti-hypertensive drugs and their metabolites with very different physical-chemical properties. HF-LPME has never been applied to such a broad spectrum of substances in previous bioanalytical studies. These drugs were divided into two groups (acidic and basic/neutral), and a total of four extraction methods (two for each group of analytes) were developed and optimised using chemometrics (DoE) then analysed by LC-MS/MS. Two of these methods were liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) methods that were developed and validated to be used as reference to which the two HF-LPME methods were compared. The LLE methods were sensitive, accurate, precise, and valid for application to real case samples. The HF-LPME methods presented some limitations due to the lack of isotopically-labelled analogues of each specific analyte as internal standards (IS); for non-exhaustive methods the use of these IS should be adopted as standard practise. Real urine samples from genuine patients were extracted using all 4 methods followed by LC-MS/MS analysis. By applying the methods to real case samples, it was possible to define that the HF-LPME methods were suitable for qualitative screening of urine to determine the level of compliance of patients under anti-hypertensive pharmacotherapy. However, for quantification of the drugs applying HF-LPME, further development is required to incorporate the use of isotopically labelled analogues. This study proved that HF-LPME is a potential asset not only for forensic but also for clinical toxicology. It can be a very powerful tool which, mainly due to its green-chemistry approach and pre-concentration capabilities, which allows direct injection into the analytical instrument, could potentially become a more used technique in the future. However, the analyst should be careful when developing HF-LPME methods, to bear in mind its limitations so that methods that are fit-for-purpose can be developed.

Deliberate firesetting causes a significant cost to society in terms of human life and economic loss. However, compared to other areas of offending, firesetting is one area that has received relatively little attention by academics and practitioners in both the psychiatric and psychological literature. Even though a significant proportion of existing research has been conducted with psychiatric populations little is understood about firesetting by mentally disordered offenders, particularly in terms of their characteristics, risk factors, offence process, and treatment. The purpose of this thesis was to extend current knowledge of mentally disordered firesetters by exploring the offence process, treatment needs, and effectiveness of treatment with this population. Four exploratory studies were conducted to address this. Study one examined the characteristics of male and female mentally disordered firesetters in comparison to non-firesetting mentally disordered offenders and also the ability of these characteristics to predict offence status (firesetter or non-firesetter) and repeat firesetting. Studies two and three examined the offence process and the pathways mentally disordered firesetters follow to offending. Finally, study four evaluated the effectiveness of the first standardised treatment programme for male and female mentally disordered firesetters. The studies in this thesis highlighted the importance of fire interest in distinguishing between firesetters and non-firesetters and also for the predicting of repeat firesetting. Further, the development of fire-related risk factors appeared to be important for influencing the offence process for a sub-group of mentally disordered firesetters. The role of mental health in the offence process was also highlighted as being important. Finally, evidence was found to support the need for specialist interventions examining fire related factors with mentally disordered firesetters. The results of all four studies are discussed in terms of the assessment and treatment of mentally disordered firesetters and the clinical implications and utility of the findings are considered.

Human organs are the most valuable gifts of life. Until today, through organ transplantation, thousands of lives have been saved and many more blessed with hope and happiness through a better quality of living. However, rapid developments in transplant technology will be meaningless if supply of the needed organs remains scarce and organ transplantation procedures cannot take place accordingly. This global problem of organ shortage is also faced by Malaysia. Despite campaigns and initiatives introduced by the Malaysian authorities, the problem remains unresolved and the situation is worsening. Malaysia is reported to have less than one donor for every one thousand of the population (Lela Yasmin Mansor, 2007). However, statistics from the National Transplant Registry Malaysia confirm a steady increase in the number of registered potential donors each year. This suggests that certain factors must be preventing potential donors from becoming actual donors. Therefore, this study will not only discuss the current scenario of the organ shortage problem in Malaysia, highlighting its underlying factors, but will also scrutinise legal and social factors causing actual donations to remain relatively small, despite the promising number of potential donors registering each year. The study will suggest practical solutions to help solve organ shortages in Malaysia, particularly by utilising brain-dead patients from serious road traffic accidents as a potential source of cadaveric organs. Clarification on the Islamic perspective concerning organ donation is also included, as Islam is the main religion professed in Malaysia.

Made available in DSpace on 2013-01-07T15:55:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 4 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) 37.pdf: 766094 bytes, checksum: 6027c9f19d53e84889e6940e9a161462 (MD5) 0844d.mp3: 3289728 bytes, checksum: b48071fbacff34d6b95db72f40b1c66e (MD5) 0844e.mp3: 8592768 bytes, checksum: 9eab2c4a2afc2444bafd36028feb34c2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003 / Analisa a história do Laboratorio de Biologia Infantil em seu breve período de existência (1935-1941). A análise dessa instituição se inicia pela descrição e discussão de temas sobre infância e adolescência, que surgiram no Instituto de Identificação, ao qual pertencia o Laboratório de Biologia Infantil na sua criação, e que foram publicados nos Arquivos de Medicina Legal e Identificação do Rio de Janeiro (1931-1940). Foram destacados o contexto político institucional e o contexto intelectual que induziu e permitiu que médicos, magistrados, educadores e políticos debatessem a infância na década de 30, com destaque para a figura do seu criador e primeiro diretor Leonídio Ribeiro. O Laboratório de Biologia Infantil foi capítulo importante na história da infância dita abandonada e delinquente, ao inaugurar uma rotina médico-científica de estudo, tratamento e assistência, no âmbito de instituições criadas para reprimir, cuidar e curar. Surgido no ambiente da medicina legal e da polícia, o Laboratório de Biologia Infantil transitou rapidamente da identificação dos menores infratores para a pesquisa sobre as causas da criminalidade, e terminou incorporado por instituições assistenciais.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-02-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:10:25Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 cerigatto_w_me_botib.pdf: 598768 bytes, checksum: 0ae452c31f7ad0b15c41e8b607d6e724 (MD5) / A Entomologia Forense é a ciência que aplica o estudo dos insetos a procedimentos legais. As pesquisas nesta área são feitas desde 1850 e nas últimas décadas vêm obtendo progressos. Esse trabalho visa constituir um banco de dados regional que possa servir como referencial científico nas investigações criminais e estimativas pós-morte, como também no estudo de casos reais que chegaram até o NPML (Núcleo de Perícias Médico-legais) Bauru, Estado de São Paulo. Análises faunísticas foram realizadas em 23 corpos, que foram conduzidos até o NPML. Os corpos eram de vítimas que sofreram morte violenta ou morte natural, para investigação da causa morte, atendendo a solicitação de autoridade competente. Na análise realizada foram encontradas duas famílias de dípteros necrófagos: Calliphoridae e Sarcophagidae. Dentre os exemplares de dípteros coletados da família Calliphoridae a espécie mais abundante foi Chrysomya albiceps (49,30%), seguida, por C. megacephala (30,56%), e Lucilia eximia (8,13%). Além destas espécies, foram também encontradas Lucilia cuprina (5,69%), Cochliomyia macellaria (1,45%) e Lucilia sericata (1,21%). Espécimes da família Sarcophagidae totalizaram 3,66% dos insetos coletados. Os vinte e três corpos analisados constituíram-se em 23 casos detalhadamente investigados, associando a presença dos insetos com as informações dos laudos necroscópicos / Forensic entomology is the science, which applies insects for legal proceedings. Researches in this area have been performed since 1850 and in the last years researchers have obtained success. In this study a regional data set is presented to be used as a scientific reference in criminal investigations and post mortem interval estimates, as well as to be employed in real cases from the NPML (Núcleo de Perícias Médico-legais) of Bauru, São Paulo. Fauna analysis was performed in 23 corpses, which were led to the NPML. Corpses were victims, which have suffered violent or natural death, separated to investigate the death cause in response to requirements by authorities. In the analysis performed two families of necrophagous dipterans were found, Calliphoridae and Sarcophagidae. The most abundant Calliphoridae species was Chrysomya albiceps (49.30%), followed by C. megacephala (30,56%) and Lucilia eximia (8.13%). Other species were also found such as Lucilia cuprina (5.69%), Cochliomyia macellaria(1 ,45%) and Lucilia sericata (1.12%). The percentage of Sarcophagidae individuais was 3.66%. The twenty-three corpses analyzed resulted in 23 cases investigated in detail, associating the presence of insects with death data

Orientador: Wesley A. C. Godoy / Banca: Cláudio José Vanzuben / Banca: Marcelo Nougueira Rosa / Resumo: A Entomologia Forense é a ciência que aplica o estudo dos insetos a procedimentos legais. As pesquisas nesta área são feitas desde 1850 e nas últimas décadas vêm obtendo progressos. Esse trabalho visa constituir um banco de dados regional que possa servir como referencial científico nas investigações criminais e estimativas pós-morte, como também no estudo de casos reais que chegaram até o NPML (Núcleo de Perícias Médico-legais) Bauru, Estado de São Paulo. Análises faunísticas foram realizadas em 23 corpos, que foram conduzidos até o NPML. Os corpos eram de vítimas que sofreram morte violenta ou morte natural, para investigação da causa morte, atendendo a solicitação de autoridade competente. Na análise realizada foram encontradas duas famílias de dípteros necrófagos: Calliphoridae e Sarcophagidae. Dentre os exemplares de dípteros coletados da família Calliphoridae a espécie mais abundante foi Chrysomya albiceps (49,30%), seguida, por C. megacephala (30,56%), e Lucilia eximia (8,13%). Além destas espécies, foram também encontradas Lucilia cuprina (5,69%), Cochliomyia macellaria (1,45%) e Lucilia sericata (1,21%). Espécimes da família Sarcophagidae totalizaram 3,66% dos insetos coletados. Os vinte e três corpos analisados constituíram-se em 23 casos detalhadamente investigados, associando a presença dos insetos com as informações dos laudos necroscópicos / Abstract: Forensic entomology is the science, which applies insects for legal proceedings. Researches in this area have been performed since 1850 and in the last years researchers have obtained success. In this study a regional data set is presented to be used as a scientific reference in criminal investigations and post mortem interval estimates, as well as to be employed in real cases from the NPML (Núcleo de Perícias Médico-legais) of Bauru, São Paulo. Fauna analysis was performed in 23 corpses, which were led to the NPML. Corpses were victims, which have suffered violent or natural death, separated to investigate the death cause in response to requirements by authorities. In the analysis performed two families of necrophagous dipterans were found, Calliphoridae and Sarcophagidae. The most abundant Calliphoridae species was Chrysomya albiceps (49.30%), followed by C. megacephala (30,56%) and Lucilia eximia (8.13%). Other species were also found such as Lucilia cuprina (5.69%), Cochliomyia macellaria(1 ,45%) and Lucilia sericata (1.12%). The percentage of Sarcophagidae individuais was 3.66%. The twenty-three corpses analyzed resulted in 23 cases investigated in detail, associating the presence of insects with death data / Mestre

A reconstrução facial, também conhecida como aproximação facial, é conhecida e realizada há muito tempo por profissionais da medicina forense e de áreas antropológicas. No caso da medicina forense, por exemplo, ela pode ser bastante útil quando não existem indícios que viabilizem a identificação do individuo por meios considerados de maior precisão, como por exemplo, exame de DNA ou de arcos dentários. Outra aplicação possível é auxiliar aos investigadores na redução do número de sujeitos (soluções) possíveis em casos de indivíduos não identificados, viabilizando a aplicação de exames de maior precisão. Existem vários métodos utilizados para a reconstrução facial, que pesquisadores constantemente buscam melhorar e aperfeiçoar. Esses métodos podem ser classificados em reconstrução facial por meio de imagens 2D ou reconstrução facial por meio de objetos 3D. Dentre esses métodos, podemos encontrar a reconstrução facial que faz uso de ferramentas de computação gráfica em 3D que pode ser realizada tanto na forma manual, onde ferramentas de computação gráfica simulam ferramentas utilizadas no mundo real no processo de reconstrução facial, ou na forma automatizada, onde o usuário informa ao software alguns dados como sexo, idade e etnia e a máquina realiza todo o processo de reconstrução facial. A proposta desse trabalho foi de aplicar técnicas de modelagem e de inserção de medidas de tecidos moles em um modelo 3D de crânio, de forma a validar o uso da computação gráfica como ferramenta de auxilio ao reconhecimento facial em procedimentos de medicina forense. O modelo de crânio foi reconstruído a partir de imagens obtidas por exame de tomografia computadorizada de um crânio real. Foi realizado um estudo de caso de um cadáver exumado de uma pessoa que possuía o registro de imagem em vida e utilizados dados de medidas de tecidos moles da face de brasileiros. Os testes foram realizados manualmente utilizando ferramentas de computação gráfica em 3D, atualmente disponíveis e os resultados avaliados de forma quantitativa. Os testes quantitativos foram realizados de forma a comparar os relevos 3D das reconstruções de face com interpolação e sem interpolação de pontos craniométricos e para diferentes padrões de tecidos moles. / The facial reconstruction, also known as facial approximation, is performed for centuries by forensic medicine professionals and anthropological areas researchers. In the forensic medicine, for example, it is used when there is no evidence that allows the identification of the individual by considered accurate means, such as DNA testing or dental records. Thus, the purpose of facial reconstruction is to assist researchers in reducing the number of possible unidentified people, therewith allowing the use of accurate tests. There are several methods used for facial reconstruction and researchers are constantly seeking to refine and improve. Then, these methods can be classified as facial reconstruction using 2D images or 3D objects. Among these methods, we can find the facial reconstruction that uses 3D computer graphics tools. This method can be performed both in manual form, where computer graphics tools are used in simulating the real world tools in the facial reconstruction process, or the automated way, where the user input data such as gender, age and ethnicity and the machine performs the entire process of facial reconstruction. The work purpose is to apply modeling techniques and the inclusion of soft tissues measures in 3D skull model, to validate the computer graphics use as a tool to aid the facial recognition in forensic medicine procedures. The skull model was reconstructed from computed tomography. Thus, we performed a study case of an exhumed body, who had the image registration in life as well as soft tissue measures data of the Brazilians faces. The tests were performed using manually 3D computer graphics tools currently available and the results were evaluated both quantitatively. The quantitative tests were performed comparing the surfaces of 3D reconstructions with interpolated and no interpolated craniometric points and to different soft tissues patterns.