In this thesis, the question of immersion and learning in tutorials is examined to find whether there are principles of design that can universally form a tutorial of a high quality according to several predetermined traits. A formal analysis of the tutorials for three specified games are conducted to identify the underlying principles of design that govern the structure for each individual tutorial. The resulting analyses are then compared to each other to reveal similarities between the tutorials so that the principles of design can be identified and examined. The findings point to no universal principles of design that will generate a tutorial of high quality, instead, the utilization of these principles is angled towards the specific needs of the game being developed. / I denna uppsats undersöks frågan om fördjupning och inlärning i de inledande, handledande/guidande sekvenserna i spel för att granska om det finns design-principer som universellt kan användas för att göra handledande/guidande sekvenser i spel av en högre kvalitet enligt flera förbestämda drag. En formell analys av introsekvenserna för tre specifika spel görs för att identifiera de underliggande design-principerna som utgör strukturen för varje individuell introsekvens. De resulterande analyserna blir sedan jämförda med varandra för att uppdaga likheter mellan introsekvenserna så att design-principerna kan identifieras och undersökas. Resultaten visar att inga sådana universella design-principer finns, istället bör dessa design-principer nyttjas på ett sätt som bäst passar de specifika krav som spelet som utvecklas har.

This thesis deals with the art created at Swedish mental institutions during the 20th century, a medium which generally is found synonymous with outsider art in previous scholarship. The overarching aim is to categorize visual art created under the circumstances of such institutions, exclusively based on its visual expression. Following Wölfflin’s five principles of objective classification, formal analysis is employed. To accomplish the thesis’ aim, differences between recognized outsider artists and institutionalized producers of art are investigated, which in turn sheds light on the definition of outsider art. Focus is put on the actual paintings, and not on the identities of the creators of the works, nor their history as patients at the different institutions. Primary data consist of photographed paintings from the archives of Säter Mental Health Care Museum in Dalarna, Sweden, while additional historical accounts describing 20th century art movements are implemented to justify each painting’s categorical belonging. The results support that a biographical difference, between the two strands of art, is explanative for the current misunderstanding of what outsider art actually is. This fosters further engagements with what variables ought to determine a work of art’s categorization.

The aim of this study is to examine how the Graphical User Interface of League of Legends’ ability icons for champions evolved from 2009-2023. This was done by conductinga formal analysis of three different champions from the game League of Legends that haveundergone Visual and Gameplay Updates. The value of this case study was the understandingof the evolution of GUI in games over a long period of time. This may help game artists tounderstand how a coherent graphic design language is formed for a specific game and how itevolves over time to reflect design changes in games.

This study examines the level design of the game Dying Light through the lens of player movement. It aims to answer the question: How does the player movement capabilities inform the level design in the game Dying Light? The study analyses the correlation between the player’s movement capabilities and level layout. The research is relevant to game designers wanting to make games centered around movement as a core mechanic, and researchers wanting to use design patterns to study level design through the lens of a core mechanic. The research was conducted through a formal analysis of the actions, components, and goals found in the level, which together form a multitude of level design patterns that support the player’s movement capabilities. These patterns were split into categories based on their goals, followed by these categories being noted down on a designated area of the map. The study indicates that the patterns made with these primitives are a useful tool to tie a specific mechanic like player movement to level- and game design decisions, which is shown in how the level design of Dying Light was built around its movement system to allow for almost unlimited freedom of movement.

Engineering secure software remains a significant challenge for today's software organizations as they struggle to understand the implications of security on their systems and develop systems that guarantee specified software security properties. The use of formal methods that are based on mathematical models has long been advocated in the development of secure systems, yet the promise of formal methods has not been realized. This is due to the additional discipline needed to formulate precisely the requirements and due complexities that often confront engineers. Further, the cost of development and the requisite learning curve of formal methods are quite high making them cost prohibitive to apply, especially for large software. The transition from requirements to design has been one of the most difficult steps in software development. Moreover, effective methods for deriving design from requirements that guarantee retention of the intended security properties remain largely unrealized on a repeatable and consistent basis. If security requirements are formalized and transformed into design using formal methods, the potential for security vulnerabilities would be diminished through better clarity, completeness, and consistency. Therefore, a requirements specification must be systematically transformable to a formal representation, and through effective formal methods the design can be derived such that the security properties are preserved and conveyed. This dissertation presents the FADES (Formal Analysis and Design for Engineering Security) approach that couples goal-oriented requirements specification with formal design specification to develop secure software in a constructive, provable and cost-effective way. To the best of our knowledge, FADES is the first security engineering approach that provides a systematic and automated bridge between semi-formal security requirements and formal design and implementation. FADES maintains the completeness and consistency of the security requirements specified with KAOS (Knowledge Acquisition for autOmated Specifications) when transformed to B formal specifications. Relaxing formality during requirements analysis enables security requirements to be better organized for producing more complete, consistent and clear requirements. The KAOS requirements model is then transformed to B, a popular formal representation used to derive and refine software systems. Security design specifications and implementation are produced using the B formal method which preserves the requisite security requirement properties. FADES treats security-specific elements in a systematic and constructive way while considering security early in the development lifecycle. Moreover, employing FADES provides better confidence for security evaluators in the evaluation of trusted software. A side effect of employing formal methods in development is the availability of sufficient traceability information at the various phases of development and maintenance allowing for more accurate impact analysis of security changes. FADES has been examined empirically both by security engineering experts and practitioners. Results obtained from the controlled experiments compare FADES to other formal methods, and show that FADES preserves security properties while maintaining better consistency, quality, and completeness. This is accomplished at a lower cost and with better results. These results have been evaluated by academic and industry experts working in the area of security and formal methods. / Ph. D.

Formally-based design and implementation techniques for complex safety-critical embedded systems are required not only to handle the complexity, but also to provide correctness guarantees. Traditional design approaches struggle to cope with complexity, and they generally require extensive testing to guarantee correctness. As the designs get larger and more complex, traditional approaches face many limitations. An alternate design approach is to adopt a "correct-by-construction" paradigm and synthesize the desired hardware and software from the high-level descriptions expressed using one of the many formal modeling languages. Since these languages are equipped with formal semantics, formally-based tools can be employed for various analysis. In this dissertation, we adopt one such formal modeling language - MRICDF (Multi-Rate Instantaneous Channel-connected Data Flow). MRICDF is a graphical, declarative, polychronous modeling language, with a formalism that allows the modeler to easily describe multi-clocked systems without the necessity of global clock. Unnecessary synchronizations among concurrent computation entities can be avoided using a polychronous language such as MRICDF. We have explored a Boolean theory-based techniques for synthesizing multi-threaded/concurrent code and extended the technique to improve the performance of synthesized multi-threaded code. We also explored synthesizing ASIPs (Application Specific Instruction Set Processors) from MRICDF models. Further, we have developed formal techniques to identify constructive causality in polychronous models. We have also developed SMT (Satisfiablity Modulo Theory)-based techniques to identify dimensional inconsistencies and to perform value-range analysis of polychronous models. / Ph. D.

Managing complexity is an increasing challenge in the development of embedded systems (ES). Some of the factors contributing to the increase in complexity are the growing complexity of hardware and software, and the increased pressure to deliver full-featured products with reduced time-to-market. An attractive approach to manage the software complexity, reduce time-to-market and decrease development costs lies in the adoption of component-based development that has been proven as a successful approach in other domains. Another raising challenge, due to complexity increase, in ES, is predictability, i.e., the ability to anticipate the behavior of a system at run-time. The particular predictability requirements of ES call for a development framework equipped with techniques and tools that can be applied to deal with requirements, such as timing, and resource utilization, already at early-stage of development. Modeling and formal analysis play increasingly important roles in achieving predictability, since they can help us to understand how systems function, validate the design and verify some important properties. In this thesis, we present a resource-aware framework for designing predictable component-based ES. The proposed framework consists of (i) the formally specified ProCom component model that takes into account the characteristics of control-intensive ES, and (ii) the resource-aware timed behavioral language - REMES for modeling and reasoning about components’ and systems’ functional and extra-functional behavior that includes relevant resource types for ES, associated analysis techniques for various resource-wise properties, and a set of associated tools. To demonstrate the potential application of our framework, we present a number of case studies, out of which one is an industrial research prototype, where ProCom and REMES are applied. / PROGRESS

This study examines phrase and larger formal structures in the first movement of Leo Brouwer’s Elegio de la Danza (1964), a work that draws on tonal and post-tonal traditions. By adapting key features of the tonal motive, as described by Douglass Green, and the tonal period, as proposed by Green and William Caplin, the model seeks to provide a tool for the discussion of phrases and larger forms in Brouwer’s work. An analysis of primary parameters, such as melody, harmony, and rhythm, provides the means to discuss how the composer articulates beginnings and endings of statements and responses, which are then grouped into antecedent and consequent phrases. These periods articulate large-scale sections, which outline a ternary formal design. Secondary parameters (dynamics, tempo markings, instrumental markings) further contribute to the identification of formal structures in Brouwer’s work.

Orientador: Edson Sekeff Zampronha / Banca: Martha Herr / Banca: John Boudler / Resumo: O presente trabalho de mestrado tem como seu principal objetivo demonstrar que a aplicação de diferentes métodos analíticos a uma mesma obra e sua posterior comparação é uma metodologia eficaz para o estudo da linguagem musical, em particular de uma obra específica e que, através deste procedimento, informações de interesse teórico e interpretativo, que vão além da aplicação isolada de cada método, podem ser alcançadas. Para tanto, foi feita a análise de um movimento de grande duração inserido em uma obra extensa, composta pelo austríaco Gustav Mahler (1860-1911): a Sinfonia nº3. Sobre esta obra foram realizadas três análises: formal segundo Schoenberg e Rosen; motívica, segundo Réti; e schenkeriana, segundo Salzer.Os métodos foram comparados entre si, de modo a identificarem-se as convergências e divergências entre eles; com base nas divergências e convergências, foramindicadas possibilidades de leitura da obra. Ao final, estes resultados foram confrontados com gravações realizadas por grandes orquestras, tendo à frente regentes reconhecidos como grandes intérpretes da obra de Mahler, verifinco como foram solucionados os problemas de divergência analítica e observando, ainda, se as convergências podem ser confirmadas em suas interpretações. / Abstract: The present Master's Degree dissertation seeks to demonstrate that the utilization of different analytical methods to a single opus, and their posterior comparation, in an efficient method for the study of musical language, particularly of an specific opus, and that, through this procedure, information on theoretical and interpretative interest that go beyond the isolated utilization of each method can be reached. Therefore, three analysis of the first movement of Gustav Mahler's 3rd Symphony were made. The three analysis were; formal, according to Schoenberg and Rosen; motivic according to Réti; and schenkerian, according to Salzer. The methods were compared to each other so it would be possible to identify similarities and differences amont them. Then, based on these similarities and differences, possibilities of reading of the work were indicated. In the end, these results were confronted with recording made by great orchestras, conducted by great maestros well-known as great interpreters of Mahler's opus, verifying how the problems of analytical diffrences were resolved and observing as well if the similarities coud be confirmed in their interpretations. / Mestre

A presente dissertação consiste numa tentativa de se desenvolver uma discussão ampliada a partir de uma análise de Cidade de Deus, de Paulo Lins. Tal análise buscava desentranhar os traços formais fundamentais da obra, para a partir delas intuir dinâmicas sociais, culturais e históricas, tornadas mais evidentes pelo próprio trabalho. Partindo do caráter de exceção e de novidade da obra no quadro do romance brasileiro dos anos 1990 e mesmo em geral, sem excluir a sua matriz francesa, coube-nos perguntar no que consistia tal empreitada artística, traduzido num inusitado modo de composição, tendo em vista não tanto a sua reverberação dentro da história literária, mas as suas consequências em outros planos, sejam eles culturais ou histórico-sociais. / The dissertation that follows tries to develop a broader discussion from the analysis of Paulo Lins\' Cidade de Deus. Such an analysis strives to unravel the fundamental formal characteristics of the novel, and then to make use of them to perceive and see through some cultural, historical and social dynamics that are to become clearer in due course. Starting from the status of exception and novelty of this literary work, against the background of the Brazilian novel and its French matrix, the question repeatedly raised was the one concerning the very nature of this artistic effort, its unusual composition mode, aiming not so much at its reverberations inside the literary history, but at its consequences in different cultural and sociohistorical dimensions.