Bryssel I-förordningens behörighetsregler är inte tillämpliga på svarande från tredje land. I sådana fall hänvisar förordningen till nationell rätt (s.k. restkompetens). Inom EU varierar de nationella behörighetsreglerna med avseende på svarande som har hemvist utanför EU avsevärt mellan medlemsstaterna, vilket ibland kan leda till orimliga konsekvenser. Syftet med denna uppsats är att beskriva vilka internationellt privat- och processrättsliga (IPP) problem som kan uppkomma till följd av nuvarande regelverk samt analysera kommissionens förslag till införandet av en regel om reservforum (s.k. forum necessitatis). För att ge läsaren tillräcklig bakgrund för analysen beskrivs rättsläget vad gäller forum necessitatis ur både ett svenskt och EU-rättsligt perspektiv. Resultatet av denna framställning är att förslaget till införandet av en regel om forum necessitatis bidrar till en ökad rättssäkerhet och förutsägbarhet. Den föreslagna regeln har dock en del brister som gör att bestämmelsen bör revideras. / The jurisdiction rules of the Brussels I-Regulation do not apply for third country defendants. In these cases refers the Regulation to national law (so-called residual jurisdiction). The national rules on the jurisdiction for defendants domiciled outside the EU vary widely between Member States, which can lead to undue hardship in some cases. The purpose of this thesis is to describe the private international law issues that may arise as a result of the current set of regulations and then analyze the Commission’s proposal to the creation of a forum of necessity (so-called forum necessitatis). In order to provide the reader with enough background information for the analysis the legal position regarding forum necessitatis is described from both a Swedish and European legal perspective. The result of this thesis is that the proposed solution would increase legal certainty and predictability. The proposed rule has some shortcomings that imply that the provision should be revised.

In my essay I illustrate some of the different methods and theories that can be applied when children in preschool exhibit a disruptive behavior. I reflect on the story based on concepts such as shame, guilt, emotional state, competens to play, solution-oriented pedagogy and forum theater. The story takes place in a kindergarten yard. There are five children at the age of five playing a game that is inspired by a program that two of the children have seen on TV, and it must be real. The game goes astray and the children who had seen the program fall into physical conflict with each other. One child pushes his mate up against a wall with the aid of a stick. My reflektions of the text assumes questions on how I can resolv the conflict in a good way, what is the role of emotions in interaction with others? I investigate whether a form of forum theater could be a way to bring in more of the theories in efforts to help children with externalizing behavior to find strategies in every day life. I also reflect whether observations, dramatizations, environment and attitude can make a difference in how children handle their capacity for constructive play and their interaction with other children? In my conclusions, I see that there is not one way to go but many. Everything depends on the situation, the children and the educators that are involved.

The critical understanding of Theatre in Education (TIE) presented in this thesis focuses on ‘TIE into Schools’ and its effect. The author takes the view that students’ subjectivity was influenced by the dominant mores of elements of society, such as family and school, and less often, by individual, autonomous decision. Case studies of practices that are identified with the tenets of TIE were carried out using approaches based on the principles and methods of a critical pedagogy approach. How could the TIE approach be seen as a critical pedagogy? This question is examined predominantly through the lens of Paulo Freire and Henry A. Giroux’s thoughts on education and teachers. In addition to an understanding of the tenets of TIE and the tenets of critical pedagogy, this thesis presents a criticism of its discursive approach and also a criticism from the researcher as a participant observer. This narrative approach helps explore the human side of the experience thus keeping real life issues to the fore. Fieldwork episodes of TIE practice in three different levels of schools, the Taipei He-te Primary School, 10 different senior high schools and the National Taiwan University are presented in the context of the students’ differing ages in an attempt to understand more about the methods and tenets of TIE. ‘Partnership’ is a key concept and driving force, creating mutual cooperation between the community of the school, the parents and the theatre groups. The expected outcomes of this thesis include the clarification notions of TIE, and the adoption of a subjective approach by the students in relation to the process of interactivity, leading from affection to cognition, then action. This thesis concludes that TIE is a critical pedagogy and praxis, which develops skills and attitudes in which action can be taken by the individual in fitting in the world. It improves the individual’s ability to rethink his/her beliefs and attitudes, to empathise with groups of people and individuals with whom she/he previously may not have come into social contact with and allows previously taboo subjects to be discussed openly.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Incel, en förkortning för involontary celibate, är en term som beskriver en person som anser sig vara oattraktiv och sexlös på grund av samhällets rådande normer. Denna grupp har dock gått från att vara en mötesplats för ensamma människor till en gemenskap fylld av kvinnohat, aggression, uppgivenhet och en önskan att hämmas. I den här uppsatsen görs en djupdykning i ett av incelsens största forum, incels.is, för att genom en diskursanalys kunna kartlägga vilka förklaringsmodeller som används på forumet och på vilket sätt incelsen skiljer sig från andra delar av manosfären. Det som framkommer är att det finns en spänning mellan förklaringar som bygger på en tro på sociala strukturer och mer evoulutionspsykologiska eller genetiska förklaringsmodeller, att incelsen lägger stor vikt vid utseendets betydelse för att hitta en sexuell partner samt att feminism ses som ett stort hot mot samhället.Undersökningen visar även att det finns en stark närvaro av maskulinitetsideal och att ömtålig maskulinitet kan ha spelat en roll i att rörelsen idag har en så hård och aggressiv ton.

No description available.

No description available.

Thesis (MPA.) --University of Limpopo,2011 / Participation of members of the community in policing is critical in ensuring that policing becomes a people oriented process. This will go a long way into a ensuring that a shift in the policing environment, from a police force to a police service underpinned by involvement of community members in policing activities is realised throughout South Africa. That is, since 1993, the South African Police Service (SAPS) adopted a community policing process to meet the safety and security requirements of all people in the country. A major objective of community policing is to establish active partnership between the police and the community, especially at local level through which crime, service delivery and community-police relations can be evaluated and plans to address problems implemented. Throughput South Africa, Community Policing Forums (CPF) has been set up to work with SAPS. This study was conducted with the aim of establishing the extent to which communities around the Nelspruit policing area, in the Mpumalanga Province, participate in the establishment of the existing Community Policing Forums (CPFs), to sought means and ways through which there can be maximal involvement or participation in community policing around the Nelspruit Policing Area.Accordingly, Mpumalanga as a province has also adopted community policing as a strategy towards ensuring better policing. Police stations have been mandated to establish CPFs in consultation with relevant stakeholders and communities. The establishment of community policing forums and boards, which should be broadly representative of the community, is of crucial importance. The main objective of partnership is to determine, through, consultation, community needs and policing priorities, and to promote police accountability, transparency and effectiveness. The research methodology used for the study was a combination of both qualitative and quantitative research design. This enabled the researcher to draw data from the identified sample of study, in order to respond to critical research questions as raised in Chapter 1 of the study. As a result the study was divided into five (5) Chapters ssummarised as follows: Chapter 1 of this study introduces the study by presenting the research problem, aim and objectives of the study, research questions, and division of the study; and Chapter 2 of the study presents literature review. In other words, chapter 2 examines selected empirical research, reported practice and identified innovations relevant to community participation in the community policing forum (CPF). It provided the study with an opportunity to give better insight into the dimensions and complexity of the problem. Chapter 3 of the study presents Research Methodology used in the study. In the main chapter 3 expatiates on the necessary tools employed in the study to elicit the necessary research outcome. This includes research design, data collection method, data analysis, and interpretation. On the other hand, Chapter 4 of the study presents observations drawn from the data as presented, this done in order to describe and explain community participation in CPF within the Nelspruit Policing Area, in Mpumalanga Province of South Africa. Lastly, Chapter 5 in the main presents recommendations and conclusions drawn from the study. The following were findings of the study: lack of public awareness on the CPF and its activities; unclear or undefined roles and responsibilities on members of the community in CPFs; lack of proper resources to carry out the work of CPFs by community members, underrepresentation of previously disadvantaged groups and organized groups in CPFs It is recommended that efforts need to be put in place to increase public awareness on the CPF via print and electronic media; CPFs must be provided with budget, offices, transport, computers, resources aimed at ensuring visibility of CPF members in communities (reflector jackets, and enabling resources - torches , whistles), and communication technology; allocation of roles and responsibilities to members of the community partaking in CPFs shall help to dispel the thinking that community members are only used as tokens or spies for SAPS, and instil a feeling of ownership of policing by community members; and a special focus needs to be put in place to encourage members of the community and CPFs to engage individuals drawn from previously disadvantaged groups and organised groups for increased participation in CPFs by this groups.

I denna uppsats behandlas den statliga myndigheten Forum för levande historia. Grunden i dennastudie utgörs av en kartläggning av myndighetens verksamhet, så som den går att studera i form avmaterial publicerat på Forum för levande historias hemsida. Utifrån exemplet ”det historiskafolkmordet” används en rad historiedidaktiska teorier för att svara på frågor som berör Forum förlevande historias historieanvändning. Med hjälp av en historiedidaktisk granskning av hurmyndigheten behandlar det historiska folkmordet diskuteras förhållandet mellan denhistorieskrivning som bedrivs och Forum för levande historias uppdrag och verksamhet i nutid.Studien slår fast att Forum för levande historia ofrånkomligen bedriver en historieförmedling somfärgats av det sammanhang som den bedrivs i. Detta manifesteras bland annat i den moraliska ochpolitiska historieförmedling som lyser igenom i texterna om folkmord.