The use of temperature logging for identifying water flow through fractures in sedimentary rock has declined since the 1960’s and 70’s primarily because of low sensor resolution and cross-connected flow along the borehole. Although sensor resolution has improved to the order of 10-3 C for several decades, temperature logging has not experienced a notable increase in popularity. This thesis studies these and other fundamental limitations to the application of borehole temperature logging for identifying flow through fractured rock, and tests the hypothesis that the limitations can be overcome, presents new methods for accomplishing that goal, and increases the applicability of the technology. Although some conventional open-hole testing (e.g. flow meters) rely on vertical cross-connected flow in the borehole annulus to identify transmissive fractures, the flow is recognized to both distort open-hole temperature logs and facilitate chemical cross contamination. Removable polyurethane coated nylon liners have recently been developed to seal boreholes and minimize cross-contamination. High sensitivity temperature logs collected in the stagnant water column of lined boreholes under different hydrogeologic conditions herein show the degree to which cross connected flow can mask important flow conduits and thereby distort the interpretation of which fractures control flow. Results from the lined holes consistently lead to identification of more hydraulically active fractures than the open-hole profiles and an improved qualitative ranking of their relative importance to flow consistent with contaminant distributions observed in rock core. The identification of flow in fractures with temperature logs depends on the presence of a temperature contrast between the water and the rock matrix to create an aberration in the otherwise gradually varying profile. Atmospherically driven thermal disequilibrium commonly only extends several tens of meters from surface and dissipates with depth, making temperatures logs a variable assessment of flow that is depth limited to the heterothermic zone. The active line source (ALS) method, a series of temperature logs measured before and within a day after the water column of a lined borehole is placed into thermal disequilibrium with the broader rock mass with a heating cable, is shown to provide two advantages. First, the method eliminates the depth limitation allowing flow zones to be identified below the hetro-homothermic boundary and second, the qualitative assessment of ambient water flow in fractures is improved throughout the test interval. The identification of the flow conduits is supported by the combined evidence from visual inspection of core, rock contamination profiles, acoustic televiewer logs and tests for hydraulic conductivity using straddle packers. A new device, the thermal vector probe (TVP) is presented. It measures the temperature of the borehole fluid with four high sensitivity temperature sensors arranged in a tetrahedral pattern which is orientated using three directional magnetometers. Based on these, the total thermal gradient, its horizontal and vertical components as well as the direction and inclination are determined, typically at less than 0.01m intervals. Comparison of TVP data collected in lined boreholes under ambient conditions (thermal and hydraulic) as well during thermal recovery after ALS heating demonstrate the reproducibility of the results and superior characterization of thermal aberrations indicative of flow relative to single sensor temperature data. A detailed comparison of subdivisions in the thermal field to the vertical changes in the hydraulic gradient measured from three nearby high detail (12-14 port) multi-level installations demonstrates the interrelationship between hydraulic and thermal fields and thereby the potential benefit of the TVP in hydrogeologic investigations. Developing confidence in the use of both the TVP and ALS techniques in lined holes relies on demonstrating the reproducibility of results, consistency with observations from other technologies, and numerical simulation. Comparisons of field data with highly detailed numerical simulations using the program SMOKER shows that the influence of water flow in a fracture around a lined borehole on the temperature patterns is complex and factors such as convection likely influence the shape of the thermal aberrations observed. Model results suggest that the temperature aberrations are related to the volumetric water flow, a distinct lower resolution limit exists (approximately 5.6x10-7 m3/sec per metre across the fracture, m2/s), and although flow above 10-4 m2/s is readily detectable, prospects for quantification of higher flows are poor. Some field data indicate the numerically determined lower limit is conservative and the details of the limit require additional study. The aspects of temperature logging historically limiting applicability for detecting and comparing flow through discrete or groups of fractures in rock are hereby better understood and consistently overcome. The high level of detail achieved in the data highlights the complexity of the system and offers opportunities for further refinement. The TVP and ALS technique applied in a lined borehole promise both new insights into, and potential for quantification of ambient groundwater flow through fractures in rock.

Diversos métodos geofísicos têm sido empregados para a identificação de zonas fraturadas em rochas cristalinas a fim de locar pontos de perfuração de poços tubulares. Os métodos geoelétricos têm tido um papel importante na identificação destas zonas fraturadas, no entanto, em áreas urbanas sofrem com a falta de espaço e interferências diversas, o que limita suas aplicações. O presente trabalho visou correlacionar as anomalias geoelétricas típicas de zonas fraturadas em rochas cristalinas, com medidas de emanação natural de radônio a fim de estabelecer parâmetros que possam ser aplicados em áreas onde os fatores externos impeçam a execução dos métodos geoelétricos, uma vez que os fatores que interferem na aplicação desses métodos não interferem na emanação do radônio. Os resultados encontrados nas áreas investigadas mostraram uma boa correlação entre as anomalias geoelétricas e as anomalias de emanação de radônio, bem como foram boas as correlações com os resultados de vazão dos poços existentes nas áreas investigadas. A metodologia aqui proposta alcançou os objetivos podendo ser uma excelente ferramenta para prospecção de água subterrânea, tanto como método auxiliar, quanto como ferramenta principal de prospecção de aqüíferos em áreas onde outros métodos não possam ser aplicados devido a interferências diversas tais como: tubulações metálicas, fiações elétricas, entre outras. Estes tipos de interferências são bastante comuns em áreas urbanas, justamente onde a perfuração de poços é mais requerida. / A several geophysical methods have been used for the identification of shear zones in crystalline rocks in order to mark points to water well drilling. The geoelectrical methods have had an important role on the identification of these shear zones. However, in urban areas they suffer with the lack from space and diverse interferences, what it limits the application of these ones. The present research aimed to correlate the typical electrical anomalies of shear zones in crystalline rocks, with measures of natural emanation of radon, in order to establish parameters that can be applied in areas where the external factors hinder the execution of the geoelectrical methods, because the factors that intervene with the application of these methods do not intervene with the emanation of the radon. The results found in the investigated areas had shown a good correlation with the electrical anomalies and the radon emanation anomalies, as well as had been good the correlations with the results of yield of water wells on the investigated areas. The methodology proposal reached the objectives being able to be an excellent tool for groundwater prospection, as a auxiliary method auxiliary, as a main tool of prospection of fractured aquifers in areas where other methods cannot be applied due several interferences, as metallic pipes, electric wirings, and others. These types of interferences are sufficiently common in urban areas, exactly where the water well drilling its more necessary.

The North Wales Platform, UK, represents a lower Carboniferous carbonate platform that developed during back-arc extension on the northern margin of the Wales-Brabant Massif. This succession was faulted and folded during the Late Carboniferous Variscan Orogeny and again during the Late Jurassic extension-Tertiary Alpine Orogeny, resulting in multiple reactivations of Caledonian structural trends (N-S, NE-SW and NW-SE) and basin inversion. The platform underwent deformation, several episodes of fluid-flow, and multiple phases of diagenetic overprinting. The products of fluid circulation in this area consist of the Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) mineralisation and dolomitisation, mostly affecting the carbonates of the lower Carboniferous (Dinantian) succession. This study presents a combined regional sedimentological, diagenetic and structural framework through multiscale, interdisciplinary techniques. Techniques include field observation, transmitted light and cathodoluminescence analysis, in-situ and bulk major and trace element analysis including rare earth elements, stable isotope (oxygen/carbon), and strontium isotope analysis. The North Wales Dinantian (Asbian-Brigantian) succession developed from a ramp to rimmed platform geometry and records a range of depositional and non depositional environments including platform margin, subtidal, peritidal and emergent. Early diagenesis comprises a series of marine and meteoric calcite cements. These are volumetrically the most important cements and occlude nearly all primary interparticle porosity on the North Wales Platform. Consequently, burial calcite cements and MVT mineralisation was precipitated within fractures and dissolution-enhanced secondary porosity. Dolomitisation on the North Wales Platform occur as pods along the current day coastline/palaeo platform margin and eight dolomite phases have been identified. These are present as matrix replacive and cement phases that are spatially and temporally related to deep seated structural lineaments. It is proposed that early diagenesis resulted from the establishment of meteoric aquifers, influenced by tectono-eustatic fluctuations. Subsequently, small volumes of fluid were released following compaction and during the waning stages of lower Carboniferous extension. The onset of the Variscan compression during the mid – Late Carboniferous led to the main stage of basin de-watering on to the platform via faults/fracture systems and the development of pockets of overpressuring. Circulating marine pore-waters provided the necessary magnesium required for dolomitisation within select fault/fracture systems. A second phase of tectonic deformation with associated copper mineralisation occurred during the Triassic-Jurassic extension and Alpine uplift. Fluids and metals for the copper mineralisation were derived from the adjacent siliciclastic Permo-Triassic and Jurassic East Irish Sea Basin succession. Compared to the adjacent and time equivalent Derbyshire and Askrigg Platforms, the North Wales Platform displays a more complex paragenesis as a result of differing burial histories and fluid sources. This study highlights the importance of understanding palaeo-fluid flow and diagenesis in platform carbonates and is directly relevant to hydrocarbon production, mining and resource containment in reservoirs.

Groundwater recharge is an essential metric for understanding and protecting groundwater resources. Quantifying this parameter remains extremely challenging due to the uncertainties associated with the extent to which the vadose zone affects groundwater movement and the highly heterogeneous nature of the aquifer systems being monitored. The difficulty surrounding recharge quantification is compounded when considering a fractured rock aquifer system, where classification and modeling is complicated by highly complex structural geology. However, the ability to distinguish the character and geometry of fractured rock aquifers is indispensable for quantifying recharge to evaluate sustainable yields, as well as for implementing protective measures to manage these systems. The primary intention of this study is to assess the hydrogeologic properties that have led the unique recharge signals within the fractured crystalline-rock aquifer system near Ploemeur, France. Infiltration and groundwater movement are characterized via time-series hydraulic head and precipitation data collected at daily, monthly, yearly, and at decadal intervals. In spite of the nearly one million cubic meters of groundwater extraction, measured drawdowns are marginal, suggesting that local and regional recharge plays a significant role in moderating water-level declines and raising questions as to the origins of the substantial inflow required to sustain this complex system. A roughly two-month lag has been observed between seasonal water level and monthly precipitation at Ploemeur, which has previously been attributed solely to slow vertical migration of water through the low-permeability micaschist layer to the fractured contact zone and interconnected fault. However, results from this study suggest that a significant portion of the observed lag can be attributed to vadose-zone processes, particularly the thickness of the vadose zone. This investigation also reveals a recharge signal that continues throughout the calendar year, departing from the traditional simplified concept that recharge quantity is essentially equivalent to the value of evapotranspiration subtracted from infiltration. / Master of Science / Groundwater recharge is the amount of water added to underground water sources, called aquifers. This occurs as precipitation falls to the ground, moves downward through the unsaturated subsurface, and accumulates at the top of the saturated zone, deemed the water table. The saturated zone is so named because all pore spaces between sediment grains or crevices in rocks are fully filled with water. Understanding groundwater recharge is important to the protection of groundwater resources, but is hard to estimate due to the lack of knowledge about water movement in the unsaturated zone and the uncertainties related to the systems being studied. Aquifers forming within fractured rocks are even more challenging to investigate, because the complex geological structures are difficult to replicate with computer modeling. However, fractured rock aquifers are an important groundwater resource, and understanding them is the first step in estimating recharge within the system. Recharge estimates are used to calculate how much water can be safely removed from the aquifer for years to come, so that the resource can remain protected. The aim of this investigation is to assess the aquifer properties that lead to the unique recharge signal in a fractured crystalline-rock aquifer in Ploemeur, France, where nearly 1 million cubic meters of water have been removed each year since 1991 but water table levels have not fallen significantly. This behavior raises questions about the water returned to the system as recharge that is sustaining such a highly productive resource. This site also shows a roughly two-month lag between seasonal precipitation falling and the reflection of that precipitation recorded in the water level of the aquifer. It was previously thought that the lag occurred because water travelled slowly through the mica-schist layer, which has little pore space for water to move, and into the contact zone and interconnected fault. However, this study shows instead that a majority of the lag is associated with the unsaturated zone properties and processes, particularly thickness. This investigation also shows recharge entering the aquifer system throughout the calendar year, a departure from earlier studies conceptualizations.

Characterizing and preserving available groundwater resources within crystalline rocks is pertinent to understanding and predicting resources for ecosystems worldwide. Crystalline-rock aquifers, with favorable structure and climate, can be pumped year-round to meet local domestic demand. The Ploemeur hydrogeologic site, near the southern coast of Brittany, France, is characterized by a structurally complex fractured mica-schist and granite confined aquifer system. A contact zone, which acts as the main localized flow path through the aquifer, separates the two crystalline units, and a sub-vertical permeable fault zone cross-cuts the crystalline bedrock and contact zone. Using field observations, recharge estimates, and a calibrated three-dimensional numerical multi-zone MODFLOW 6 model, we present preferential flow paths of recharge infiltrating the complex geology of the Ploemeur hydrogeological site during pumping conditions. Using MODPATH to track groundwater and recharge path lines, we determine that water extracted from the aquifer originates from higher elevation areas west of the pumping site. Particle tracking analyses indicate that precipitation simulated over the pumping zone takes a minimum of two years to reach the pumping wells and travels up to 100 m in distance. Analyses of the water budget of the aquifer system using Zonebudget show that storage contributes significantly to the productivity of the system. Based on these analyses, we determine that recharge mechanisms such as piston flow and preferential flow play important roles in the Ploemeur hydrogeologic site. Though the Ploemeur site is unique in its composition and geometry, the methods used to characterize and monitor the aquifer can be applied to fractured crystalline-rock aquifers globally. Fractured crystalline-rock aquifers make up 10% of the region's freshwater sources, thus understanding their flow mechanisms contributes greatly to the management of freshwater resources. / Master of Science / Groundwater aquifers are a common source of freshwater worldwide as groundwater makes up 30% of Earth's freshwater resources. Porous, sedimentary aquifers, made of materials such as sand or gravel, are well studied; however, the less understood aquifers found in crystalline bedrock are also found all over the world. Generally, igneous and metamorphic crystalline rocks are not porous and have low permeabilities, but fractures and faults in the crystalline rock can increase the ability for water to travel through the system. The Ploemeur hydrogeologic site, located on the southern coast of Brittany, France, is a productive fractured crystalline-rock groundwater aquifer producing freshwater year round. The productivity of this aquifer is attributed to the increased hydraulic conductivity associated with the intersection of two permeable features: a subvertical fault zone and a sub-horizontal contact zone. Despite the aquifer's output, recharge travels very slowly into the system due to the depth, heterogeneity, and clay content in an overlying layer of weathered rock fragments and soil. In this study, we create a three-dimensional numerical model using MODFLOW to simulate precipitation in different locations to see how it travels through the aquifer to the site of groundwater pumping. We see that the recharge prefers to travel topographically from regions of higher elevation to lower elevation. The recharge preferentially travels through the geologic features with higher permeabilities, including the fault zone, regolith, and contact zone, but it does still travel through the less permeable, crystalline bedrock units. Even in the features with the higher permeabilities, simulated recharge requires a minimum of 2 years to travel from the land surface to the pumping wells. The pumping wells extract significant water from storage, as seen in our water budget calculations of each geologic unit. We see two recharge mechanisms present in the hydrogeologic site: piston flow, where young water displaces older water from the storage, and preferential flow, where recharge prefers to travel through regions with higher hydraulic conductivity. Understanding the recharge mechanisms in crystalline aquifers is pertinent to our knowledge of freshwater resources as crystalline aquifers make up approximately 10% of all groundwater supplies.

The changes in technology and cultures of mobility within dense North American cities have resulted in a space that intervenes between one thing and another which often generates seemingly uninhabitable zones and problematic discontinuities in the physical and social fabric. Over time, the pattern of cities has changed; movement spaces have fractured the social spaces. The social dimension in the design of movement spaces has been neglected and thus these spaces have primarily become products of the functional dimension, i.e. traffic flow, circulation, and access for vehicles. These approaches to developments and prioritizing the movement space over the social space have contributed to the creation of fractured people spaces in between the fabric of cities. This thesis proposes to reconnect the broken fabric of cities that are shaped as result of the juxtaposition of movement infrastructure. Furthermore, the research studies the methods by which such spaces can become transformed into successful people place through literature review of what constitutes a successful urban space. Case studies of successful places adjacent to roads, waterfronts, and in between the fabric of cities were studied to understand the methods by which underused, and fractured spaces were transformed to successful urban places. This thesis further implements the methods of place making into creating the new physical, visual, cognitive, and ecological connection between the fractured spaces. / Master of Landscape Architecture

The goal of this study was to determine the impact of land use activities on the subsurface flow regime in the Upper Roanoke River Watershed in Virginia to determine the impacts of land use change on the subsurface flow system, and to provide a tool for future management decisions. Land use activities can impact the groundwater system in two ways. The volume of water recharging the groundwater system can be reduced due to an increase in low permeable areas. It is assumed in this investigation that the input recharge values reflect the increase of low permeability zones that may occur due to land use activities. Increased water withdrawal associated with an increase in population can be another impact of land use change. This possible increase in water withdrawal is explicitly simulated in this investigation. MODFLOW, the USGS, three-dimensional, finite-difference, groundwater flow model was used to develop a regional conceptualization of the flow system. The fractured bedrock aquifer system consists of three sloping geohydrologic units: the Ordovician to Mississippian clastics, the Cambrian and Ordovician carbonates, and the Precambrian and Cambrian metamorphics and clastics. The 575 mi² study area was divided into cells with dimensions of 0.25 miles by 0.25 miles and containing four layers. The upper model layer was used to simulate the saturated unconsolidated deposits that lie on top of the fractured bedrock and serve primarily as a recharge reservoir. The second layer simulated shallow flow driven by recharge and the withdrawal of water by pumping wells. The bottom two layers were used to simulate deep regional flow within the system and account for possible vertical flow that may be occurring through deep fractures. Several simplifying assumptions were made during the conceptualization of groundwater flow in the study area: (1) Flow through fractures is approximately equivalent to flow through a porous medium; (2) Darcy's Law is applicable from a regional perspective; (3) Hydraulic properties are homogeneous and isotropic for an area that is represented by a model cell; and (4) Groundwater flow divides correspond to surface-water flow divides. Although these assumptions are probably valid for parts of the study area, the validity of each assumption is mostly unknown. Therefore, the model results are considered to be conceptual and should be interpreted carefully. The groundwater flow model was calibrated using UCODE, a USGS code for universal inverse modeling. Parameter estimation was conducted using UCODE for a total of 18 parameters, including hydraulic conductivities, river bottom conductance values, and recharge rates. The model was calibrated to observed hydraulic head information from 1969-1970. Due to the limited data availability, however, the calibrated values are at best, approximate. Nonetheless, several inferences can be made regarding flow in the province. The calibrated recharge values indicate that approximately 28% of the total precipitation recharges the aquifer system. This is consistent with previous estimates performed in the study area (Rutledge, Mesko, 1996). The Cambrian and Ordovician carbonates were found generally to have the highest hydraulic conductivity in each layer which reflects the notion that due to dissolution, this geohydrologic unit contains more fractures than the other two units. The calibrated values of hydraulic conductivity for the Cambrian and Ordovician carbonates ranged from 0.89m/d in layer 2 to 0.0011m/d in layer 4. The calibrated values of hydraulic conductivity for the Precambrian and Cambrian metamorphics and clastics ranged from 0.013m/d in layer 2 to 0.708E-3m/d in layer 4, and for the Ordovician to Mississippian clastics followed a similar trend in layers 2 and 3, with values of 0.390m/d in layer 2 and 0.242E-4m/d in layer 3. The streambed conductance values reflected both the variation in streambed thickness, which ranges from nonexistent in some areas to several feet thick in others, and streambed material, which ranges from sandy material with relatively high conductivity values to silty material with lower hydraulic conductivity values. The streambed conductance values range from 4.79 m²/d in the upland reaches to 234.13 m²/d in reaches closer to the outlet. Present pumping conditions were simulated with the groundwater flow model to establish a "baseline simulation" to which all future scenarios could be compared. Three future scenarios were developed based on the projected increase in population for Roanoke County through the year 2010. Each scenario represented a distinct settlement pattern within the watershed. Development scenario 1 simulated the impacts of the increased population if settled in the same areas as present development. Development scenario 2 simulated the impacts of the increased population if half settled in areas of present development and the other half in the western half of the watershed. Development scenario 3 simulated the impacts of the increased population if half of the population increase settled in areas of present development and the other half settled in the Tinker Creek sub-watershed. Development scenario 2 resulted in a drastic change in hydraulic head values, and the volume of water discharged from the streams was, on average, reduced by 56%, whereas, for both scenarios 1 and 2, these reductions were less than 1%. Results indicate that flow in the system is predominantly horizontal. There is no deep vertical flow from possible deep fractures. There may be shallow vertical flow occurring that is driven by recharge, however due to the resolution of the model, this flow is not simulated. In general, the simulation of horizontal flow follows the overall trend of the hydraulic gradient from west to east, which also follows the overall topographic trend. Therefore, upland regions in the province are recharging down-gradient areas. However, simulations indicate that the hydraulic head values in the eastern part of the study area are relatively insensitive to this horizontal recharge contribution from the west. The most sensitive areas in the basin to increased water withdrawal are the upland areas in the west side of the study area that are receiving no horizontal flow contribution from other places in the watershed. These areas are only being recharged by precipitation, and are the first to react to regional flow changes. Since the resolution of the model is such that local variations in the flow system are not simulated and the model represents regional trends, inferences can only be made about regional impacts. Therefore, if increased withdrawals are so great as to impact the regional system, the west- side of the study area will be affected before all other areas in the watershed. The study results include estimates of hydraulic properties, direction of regional flow, possible impacts from land use change, and a discussion of the results with respect to gaining a more complete understanding of the subsurface flow system. Perhaps this work will be the first step in learning more about the subsurface flow system of the Upper Roanoke River Watershed, and provide a useful tool to manage and properly plan future land use changes to minimize the impacts on the groundwater resources of the basin. / Master of Science

Recent models of groundwater flow in the Blue Ridge Province suggest multiple aquifers and flow paths may be responsible for springs and seeps appearing throughout the region. Deep confined aquifers and shallow variably confined aquifers may contribute water to spring outlets, resulting in vastly different water quality and suitability for potable water supplies and stock watering. A new Low Flow Recording System (LoFRS) was developed to measure the discharge of these springs that are so ubiquitous throughout the Blue Ridge Province. Analysis of spring discharge, combined with electrical resistivity surveying, aquifer tests, and water chemistry data reveal mixed shallow and deep aquifer sources for some springs, while other springs and artesian wells are sourced only in the deep aquifer. The technique is suitable for rapid characterization of flow paths leading to spring outlets. Rapid characterization is important for evaluation of potential water quality problems arising from contamination of shallow and deep aquifers, and for evaluation of water resource susceptibility to drought. The spring discharge technique is also suitable for use in other locations where fractured rock and crystalline rock aquifers are common. / Master of Science

No description available.

Casos de contaminação de aquíferos fraturados são bastante complexos, tendo em vista a heterogeneidade das redes de fraturas, e no geral, sua investigação demanda a utilização de técnicas pouco usuais, como por exemplo o imageamento acústico e a perfilagem de velocidade de fluxo de água. Na área de estudo, localizada em Valinhos/SP, o uso inadequado de solventes organoclorados no passado ocasionou a contaminação do aquífero raso em duas áreas, e o aparecimento de concentrações no aquifero profundo levaram a condução do atual trabalho, que teve como principal objetivo a elaboração de um modelo conceitual de fluxo de água e transporte de contaminantes no aquífero cristalino. Previamente à investigação do aquífero fraturado, foi realizada uma análise de trabalhos existentes, incluindo a interpretação de lineamentos, levantamentos geológicos além de perfilagens geofísicas de superfície. Em cada área investigada, foi realizada a perfuração de um poço profundo e aplicadas as técnicas de perfilagens de raios gama, cáliper, flowmeter, imageamento acústico, além da filmagem do poço e realização de ensaios hidráulicos nos dois pontos perfurados. Para caracterização química do aquífero fraturado, foram realizadas coletas de água subterrânea em intervalos selecionados com a utilização de obturadores pneumáticos. As cargas hidráulicas medidas durante a amostragem também auxiliaram no entendimento da direção do fluxo de água. O aquífero cristalino é formado por rochas gnáissicas e se encontra bastante fraturado e intemperizado, principalmente na porção superficial da rocha (até aproximadamente 65,0 m) onde as maiores velocidades de fluxo de água também foram observadas. A rocha sã possui uma menor densidade de fraturas e predominância de minerais mais claros. As fraturas de baixo a médio angulo de mergulho (Grupo 1) são as mais frequentes em ambas as perfurações e possuem direção principal N-S a NE-SW. São observadas, no geral, exercendo grande influência sobre o fluxo de água, principalmente na porção alterada do gnaisse. Fraturas com ângulo elevado de mergulho, classificadas como Grupo 2 (paralelas à foliação) e Grupo 3 (direção NW à W), são também observadas ao longo de toda a perfuração estabelecendo a conexão hidráulica entre as fraturas do Grupo 1. Em menor proporção, são ainda verificadas fraturas com ângulos de mergulho >40 ° pertencente aos Grupos 4 (NE-SW), 5 (E-W), 6 (NW-SE) e 7 (E-W). O fluxo de água subterrânea se mostrou descendente na porção superior da rocha alterada e ascendente na porção mais profunda, possivelmente direcionando a água subterrânea para a região de transição da rocha mais alterada para a rocha sã (entre 61 a 65 m de profundidade). Apesar do fluxo ascendente em profundidade, o bombeamento de poços tubulares existentes no entorno ao longo dos anos, favoreceu a migração dos contaminantes para porções mais profundas. Os contaminantes observados no poço tubular P6 possuem maior semelhança com os contaminantes observados na Área 2, e ambos estão localizados entre lineamentos NW-SE, indicando uma possível influência dos lineamentos no controle sobre o fluxo de água. No entanto, para entendimento do transporte dos contaminantes em área, é necessário um adensamento da rede de monitoramento, levando em consideração a heterogeneidade do meio e as incertezas relacionadas à extrapolação dos dados para áreas não investigadas. / Cases of contamination in fracture aquifers are complex, given the heterogeneity of the fractures network and the common requirement of unusual techniques for investigation, such as the acoustic imaging and water flow velocity profile. In the study area, located in Valinhos / SP, the inappropriate use of organochlorine solvents in the past caused the contamination of the shallow aquifer in two areas, and the appearance of concentrations in the deep aquifer, lead to the current work, whose main goal was the development of a conceptual model of groundwater flow and contaminants transport in the crystalline aquifer. An analysis of pre-existing works, including the interpretation of lineaments, geological surveys as well as surface geophysical profiling, was conducted previously the investigation of fractured aquifer. A deep well was drilled in each area and applied the profiling methods gamma ray, caliper, flowmeter and acoustic imaging, as well as filming the wells and conducting hydraulic tests in two drillings. For chemical characterization of the fractured aquifer, groundwater sampling were collected at selected intervals with the use of pneumatic packers. Hydraulic heads measured during sampling also helped in understanding the direction of water flow. The crystalline aquifer is consisted by a fractured and weathered gneissic rock, especially in the upper portion of the rock (up to approximately 65.0 m) where higher water flow rates were observed. The fresh rock has a lower fracture density and predominantly lighter minerals. Fractures of low to medium dip angle (Group 1) are the most frequent in both boreholes. Their main direction is N-S to NE-SW, and they are in general, exerting great influence on the water flow, especially in the weathered portion of the gneiss. Fractures with high dip angle classified as Group 2 (parallel to foliation) and Group 3 (direction NW to W) are also observed throughout the drillings, establishing the hydraulic connection between the fractures from Group 1. At a lower frequency, fractures with dip angles >40 °, classified as groups 4 (direction NE-SW), 5 (E-W), 6 (NW-SE) and 7 (E-W), are verified. The water flow was downgradient in the surficial weathered portion of the rock, and upgradient in the deepest portion, probably directing the water flow to the transition portion of altered rock for the fresh rock (between 61 to 65 m in depth). Despite the upward flow in higher depth, pumping existing wells in the vicinity over the years favored the migration of contaminants into deeper portions of que aquifer. The compounds observed in the tubular well P6 have a greater resemblance to the contaminants observed in Area 2, and both are located between NW-SE lineaments, indicating a possible influence on control over the water flow and contaminant transport. However, a dense of monitoring network is necessary to understand the transport of contaminants in the study area, for which should be considered the proposed objectives, and taken into account the heterogeneity of the environment and the uncertainties related to extrapolation of data to non-investigated areas.