In 1890, paper magnate Hugh Chisholm chartered the Portland & Rumford Falls Railway to provide service between Maine's largest city and the nascent industrial community of Rumford Falls. From 1890 to 1897, directors of that railroad embarked upon a cohesive building program to distinguish its stations from competitors and to attract traffic to Rumford Falls. This railroad's program represents a seminal moment in small town railroad station architecture because it was an early manifestation of a planned, replicated design. Civil engineer Frederic Danforth implemented the comprehensive landscape developed by architect Edwin Lewis. This pattern of architect-driven designs would be developed in the early twentieth century by railroad companies nationwide as they more aggressively created corporate branding, while also balancing community relations. In 1894, Chisholm and associates chartered a second rail line, the Rumford Falls & Rangeley Lakes Railroad, to service nearby timberlands and outdoor sporting locales. This line would further increase the prowess of Rumford Falls and the profitability of the Portland & Rumford Falls Railway. Lewis was not associated with this project, but its directors maintained a complementary architectural program almost indistinguishable from the earlier campaign. This thesis examines the initial development of the two rail lines based on photographs, architectural drawings, and documentary research. It explores how these building programs fit into the greater schema of corporate railroad architectural development. It elucidates the national trends toward an interconnected industrial landscape and early attempts at corporate branding through vernacular architecture.

Before the acquisition of speaker-as-own-listener (SOL) where individuals demonstrate verbal governance of their own overt and covert behavior (Skinner, 1957), individuals have to have the correspondence between listening to one’s own voice and doing, which I name self-listening. Self-listening is defined as the correspondence between listening to one’s own voice and doing in two forms: listening to one’s own voice and doing in isolation, and joining of print with listening to one’s own voice after reading aloud and doing. I conducted two experiments to investigate the establishment of self-listening in children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder. I evaluated two different topographies of the target behavior: listen-to-own-voice-do (LOVD), which is defined as the correspondence between listening to one’s own voice and doing in isolation, and read-aloud-do (RAD), which is defined as the correspondence between reading aloud and doing. As Skinner (1957) explained, reading is an extension of listening. When individuals are reading, they see print, say print, and then hear themselves. For that reason, listening to one’s own voice was targeted as one dependent variable and reading aloud as a second to compare the participants’ performance on both topographies accurately, as RAD includes both a listening and a reading component, while LOVD includes a listening component only. Using a multiple probe design across participants, I analyzed the participants’ performance in the two different topographies, LOVD and RAD, across two different tasks: a drawing task and a building task. The participants had to follow written directions in RAD and spoken directions in LOVD to produce a drawing in the drawing task and a construction in the building task. The dependent variables were identical across Experiments I and II, but varied in terms of the measurement system for the building task. In Experiment I, the intervention was listener instruction and in Experiment II the intervention was listener and reader instruction, in which I utilized the learn unit (Albers & Greer, 1991) in presenting the instruction and consequating the participants’ correct and incorrect responses. The intervention in both experiments was presented in the form of a treasure hunt where the participants had to complete a 20-step treasure hunt accurately to earn a desired reinforcer. The results of both experiments showed that the dependent variables, LOVD and RAD, were established across all participants. There were limitations in Experiment I, which were addressed in Experiment II. Keywords: self-listener, self-listening, listening, following instructions, spoken instructions, written instructions, joining of print, say-do correspondence, speaker-as-own- listener, listen-do correspondence, read-do correspondence, reading comprehension, listening comprehension.

This thesis explores a continuous problem facing those who conduct American diplomatic affairs: the appointment of amateurs, with no previous experience in diplomacy, as ambassadors representing the United States abroad. This study contends that the noncareer, nonprofessional appointment is neither necessarily a bad thing nor should it be considered undesirable, given the American system of conducting its foreign affairs. On the contrary this thesis argues that the amateur ambassador can effectively serve to enhance the needs of American foreign policy without having the same professional training.accorded to the career foreign service officer.

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A iniciação esportiva tem sido foco de diversos estudos nas áreas das Ciências do Esporte e da Psicologia do Esporte. A aquisição de habilidades, como uma área específica, também tem concentrado esforços de diversos pesquisadores. A Análise do Comportamento aplicada a estes campos tem muito por oferecer. Estudos sobre comportamento verbal, especificamente, podem contribuir substancialmente para a solução de problemas na relação entre professores/ treinadores e iniciantes. Um procedimento, frequentemente utilizado e descrito na literatura específica é a auto-fala, que consiste em verbalizações emitidas para um falante, tendo ele mesmo como ouvinte. Ambientes esportivos costumam ser complexos, no que se refere à disponibilidade de estímulos, proporcionando dificuldades relacionadas à concentração. A auto-fala, como descrita e explicada na literatura, acaba tendo a função de auxiliar o atleta a selecionar estímulos relevantes para as tarefas esportivas, facilitando o estabelecimento de discriminações. O presente estudo investigou o efeito isolado de procedimentos de auto-fala sobre a aquisição de habilidades em modalidades esportivas simuladas, com sete adolescentes sem experiência prévia em treinamento com as modalidades e/ou com o equipamento. Foi utilizado o console de videogame Wii, no treinamento das habilidades de rebatida no beisebol, e lançamento da bola no boliche. Os dados obtidos sugeriram que os participantes, que utilizaram os procedimentos verbais, apresentaram desempenhos superiores, em comparação aos que não o fizeram. Também foi realizada uma comparação entre dois tipos de procedimentos de auto-fala: reforçada diferencialmente e instruída. Foram encontradas diferenças de desempenho, porém não tão significativas quanto às diferenças entre os participantes que se valeram dos procedimentos verbais e os que não o fizeram / The sport initiation has been the focus of several studies in the areas of Sports Science and Sports Psychology. The acquisition of skills, such as a specific area, has also concentrated efforts of many researchers. Behavior Analysis applied to these fields have much to offer. Studies on verbal behavior, specifically, can contribute substantially to the solution of problems in the relationship between teachers / trainers and beginners. A procedure often used and described in specific literature is self-talk, which consists of verbalizations issued for a speaker, and he himself as a listener. Sporting environments are usually complex, with regard to the availability of stimuli, providing difficulties related to concentration. Self-talk, as described and explained in literature, just having the function of helping the athlete to select relevant stimuli for sports tasks, facilitating the establishment of discrimination. The present study investigated the effect of isolated self-talk procedures on the acquisition of skills in simulated sports with seven adolescents with no prior experience in training with the simulated sports and / or equipment. We used the video game console Wii in skills training in baseball batting, and throwing the ball in bowling. The data suggested that participants who used the verbal procedures, showed superior performance compared to those who did not. We also performed a comparison between two different procedures for self-talk: differentially reinforced and instructed. We found differences in performance, but not as significant as the differences between the participants who took advantage of verbal procedures and those who did not

A iniciação esportiva tem sido foco de diversos estudos nas áreas das Ciências do Esporte e da Psicologia do Esporte. A aquisição de habilidades, como uma área específica, também tem concentrado esforços de diversos pesquisadores. A Análise do Comportamento aplicada a estes campos tem muito por oferecer. Estudos sobre comportamento verbal, especificamente, podem contribuir substancialmente para a solução de problemas na relação entre professores/ treinadores e iniciantes. Um procedimento, frequentemente utilizado e descrito na literatura específica é a auto-fala, que consiste em verbalizações emitidas para um falante, tendo ele mesmo como ouvinte. Ambientes esportivos costumam ser complexos, no que se refere à disponibilidade de estímulos, proporcionando dificuldades relacionadas à concentração. A auto-fala, como descrita e explicada na literatura, acaba tendo a função de auxiliar o atleta a selecionar estímulos relevantes para as tarefas esportivas, facilitando o estabelecimento de discriminações. O presente estudo investigou o efeito isolado de procedimentos de auto-fala sobre a aquisição de habilidades em modalidades esportivas simuladas, com sete adolescentes sem experiência prévia em treinamento com as modalidades e/ou com o equipamento. Foi utilizado o console de videogame Wii, no treinamento das habilidades de rebatida no beisebol, e lançamento da bola no boliche. Os dados obtidos sugeriram que os participantes, que utilizaram os procedimentos verbais, apresentaram desempenhos superiores, em comparação aos que não o fizeram. Também foi realizada uma comparação entre dois tipos de procedimentos de auto-fala: reforçada diferencialmente e instruída. Foram encontradas diferenças de desempenho, porém não tão significativas quanto às diferenças entre os participantes que se valeram dos procedimentos verbais e os que não o fizeram / The sport initiation has been the focus of several studies in the areas of Sports Science and Sports Psychology. The acquisition of skills, such as a specific area, has also concentrated efforts of many researchers. Behavior Analysis applied to these fields have much to offer. Studies on verbal behavior, specifically, can contribute substantially to the solution of problems in the relationship between teachers / trainers and beginners. A procedure often used and described in specific literature is self-talk, which consists of verbalizations issued for a speaker, and he himself as a listener. Sporting environments are usually complex, with regard to the availability of stimuli, providing difficulties related to concentration. Self-talk, as described and explained in literature, just having the function of helping the athlete to select relevant stimuli for sports tasks, facilitating the establishment of discrimination. The present study investigated the effect of isolated self-talk procedures on the acquisition of skills in simulated sports with seven adolescents with no prior experience in training with the simulated sports and / or equipment. We used the video game console Wii in skills training in baseball batting, and throwing the ball in bowling. The data suggested that participants who used the verbal procedures, showed superior performance compared to those who did not. We also performed a comparison between two different procedures for self-talk: differentially reinforced and instructed. We found differences in performance, but not as significant as the differences between the participants who took advantage of verbal procedures and those who did not

Title from PDF of title page. / Document formatted into pages; contains 327 pages. / Thesis (M.A.)--University of South Florida, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references. / Text (Electronic thesis) in PDF format. / ABSTRACT: Harold Frederic's The Damnation of Theron Ware (1896) is an important work of American fiction that deserves greater critical attention. My intention in creating a website devoted to Frederic's masterpiece is not only to promote awareness of the novel but also to provide high school and undergraduate students, as well as their teachers, with a resource that will situate The Damnation of Theron Ware within an historical as well as a literary and cultural context. Significant events and discoveries in the fields of science, technology, religion, philosophy, art, and literature shaped Frederic's thinking and writing, particularly the events and characters of The Damnation of Theron Ware. An understanding of this milieu is critical to understanding the issues of the richly complicated novel. / ABSTRACT: The Damnation of Theron Ware, or Illumination as it is known in England, is the story of a Methodist minister who loses his faith when he makes the acquaintance of a Catholic priest, a post-Darwinian scientist, a New Woman, and a pragmatic con artist. In the end, critics are in disagreement as to the extent of Theron's damnation or illumination. A best seller in the 1890s, The Damnation of Theron Ware was heralded as both "the great American novel" and as "anti-American" in its sentiments. Conceived as an ongoing project and research tool, my thesis is an online study guide with annotated bibliography of criticism devoted specifically to The Damnation of Theron Ware. / ABSTRACT: The website is divided into six main sections: (1) the home page, which briefly introduces users to the site, identifies the scope of the project and provides links to other pages; (2) "Harold Frederic," which includes a biography of the author, a timeline of significant events during his lifetime, a select bibliography of his writing, and a sampling of interviews with and articles on Frederic as author and critic; (3) "Bibliographical Studies," which lists bibliographies, checklists, catalogues, critical overviews, and online resources; (4) "The Damnation of Theron Ware," which includes a discussion of the contemporaneous critical reception of the novel, an annotated bibliography of criticism in list form and broken down by subject, a bibliography of dissertations and theses, and recommended discussion questions or topics for essays; (5) a "Glossary," which includes terms that may be unfamiliar to students; / ABSTRACT: and (6) "Links of Interest," which directs users to other websites relevant to a study of The Damnation of Theron Ware. / System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader. / Mode of access: World Wide Web.