The aim of this work is focus on Powerline Communication technology and select a suitable type of broadband integrated circuit for the integration of a broadband communication module into an electrical installation box. In the introduction of this work, the Powerline Communication technology, the principle of communication, individual types of technology, factors influencing the quality of transmission, current possibilities and setting goals necessary for the design of the module are analyzed in detail. The result is a miniaturized functional prototype of a fully integrated broadband PLC modem in a wiring box.

The theme of my diploma thesis is a realization of the high frequency amplifier with possibility to change its class between class A, B and C with output low pass and band pass filters. The output power is supposed to be at about 10 W in frequency range 3,5 MHz to 14 MHz. The thesis contains theory of amplifier respectively transceiver and filters. In next parts I will design, simulate, realize and measure created amplifier and filters.

The master’s thesis expresses an opinion on trends in UAV integration into non-segregated airspace issue. In the beginning, barriers to integration are characterized and a broader context is shown. Since necessity of the technical realization of the “see and be seen” principle exists, requirements for so called Sense and Avoid systems are presented. Various methods of Sense and Avoid are briefly described, highlighting their contribution to air safety and their potential for future development. The UAV communication topic is described in the last chapter, providing a list of the volume of transmitted messages, analyzing data link frequencies and selecting appropriate means of UAV operations.

Avec la prolifération des appareils électroniques portables et mobiles communicants, il est recommandé de pouvoir échanger des données rapidement et commodément entre les appareils. Avec la pénurie de bande passante et la congestion dans le spectre des fréquences faibles, la technologie de communication à ondes millimétriques (Mm-wave) est considérée comme l'une des technologies clés du futur pour permettre des applications sans fil à débit élevé grâce à son large spectre abondant. Les nœuds de technologie CMOS avancés sont dotés de ft et fmax plus élevés qui permettent une utilisation peu coûteuse et généralisée de ce spectre. Cependant, de nombreux défis associés à la conception de circuits et de systèmes RF millimétriques en utilisant des technologies CMOS avancées ont été identifiés. L’amplificateur de puissance (PA) a été identifié comme étant le bloc le plus difficile à concevoir dans un émetteur-récepteur intégré RF millimétrique. Le concept au niveau du système de l’architecture basse puissance est d’abord étudié et des blocs clés tels que l’antenne 60 GHz et le modulateur OOK dans la technologie CMOS 130nm ont été présentés. Cette thèse explore également les défis de conception de l’amplificateur de puissance à ondes millimétriques dans la technolgie 28nm UTBB-FDSOI. Trois conceptions différentes d’amplificateur de puissance de 60 GHz ont été démontrées dans 28nm LVT FDSOI : 1) Un PA cascode à deux étages, 2) Un PA différentiel à deux étages à base de transformateur, 3) Un PA différentiel à deux étages à puissance combinée. Les performances simulées, y compris la prise en compte des parasites principaux de disposition ont été présentées. Les travaux futurs incluront l’intégration sur puce avec le PA. / With the proliferation of portable and mobile electronic devices, there is a strong need to exchange data quickly and conveniently between devices encouraging to overcome challenges in bandwidth shortages and congestion in the lower frequencies spectrum. Millimeter-wave (Mm-wave) technology is considered as one of the future key technologies to enable high data rates wireless applications due to its large abundant spectrum. Advanced CMOS technology nodes comes with high ft and fmax, enable low cost and widespread use of this spectrum. However, many associated challenges ranging from device, circuit and system perspectives for the implementation of a highly integrated mm-wave transceiver especially the power amplifier (PA) which identified to be the most challenging RF block to be designed. The system level concept of low power architecture is firstly studied and key blocks such as 60 GHz antenna and OOK modulateur in 130nm CMOS technology were presented. This thesis also explores the design challenges of mm-wave power amplifier in 28nm UTBB-FDSOI technology. Three different designs of 60 GHz power amplifier were demonstrated in 28nm LVT FDSOI : 1) A two-stage cascode PA, 2) A two-stage differential PA with low-km TMN, 3) A power combined two-stage differential PA with low-km TMN. The simulated performance including the consideration of key layout parasitics were presented. Future work will include for on-chip integration with the PA.

<div>Polymer nanocomposites (PNC) have an excellent potential for in-situ strain sensing applications in static and dynamic loading scenarios. These PNCs have a polymer matrix of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) with a conductive filler of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and have both piezoelectric and piezoresistive characteristics. Generally, this composite would accurately measure either low-frequency dynamic strain using piezoresistive characteristic or high-frequency dynamic strains using piezoelectric characteristics of the MWCNT/PVDF film sensor. Thus, the frequency bands of the strain sensor are limited to either piezoresistive or piezoelectric ranges. In this study, a novel weighted fusion technique, called Piezoresistive/Piezoelectric Fusion (PPF), is proposed to combine both piezoresistive and piezoelectric characteristics to capture the wide frequency bands of strain measurements in real-time. This fuzzy logic (FL)-based method combines the salient features (i.e., piezoresistive and piezoelectric) of the nanocomposite sensor via reasonably accurate models to extend the frequency range over a wider band. The FL determines the weight of each signal based on the error between the estimated measurements and the actual measurements. These weights indicate the contribution of each signal to the final fused measurement. The Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) was developed using both optimization and data clustering techniques. In addition, a type-2 FIS was utilized to overcome the model’s uncertainty limitations. The developed PPF methods were verified with experimental data at different dynamic frequencies that were obtained from existing literature. The fused measurements of the MWCNT/PVDF were found to correlate very well with the actual strain, and a high degree of accuracy was achieved by the subtractive clustering PPF’s FISs algorithm. <br></div><div><br></div><div>3D force sensors have proven their effectiveness and relevance for robotics applications. They have also been used in medical and physical therapy applications such as surgical robots and Instrument Assisted Soft Tissue Manipulation (IASTM). The 3D force sensors have been utilized in robot-assisted surgeries and modern physical therapy devices to monitor the 3D forces for improved performances. The 3D force sensor performance and specifications depend on different design parameters, such as the structural configuration, placement of the sensing elements, and load criterion. In this work, different bioinspired structure configurations have been investigated and analyzed to obtain the optimal 3D force sensor configuration in terms of structural integrity, compactness, the safety factor, and strain sensitivity. A Finite Element Analysis (FEA) simulation was used for the analysis to minimize the time of the development cycle.</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>A tree branch design was used as the 3D force sensor’s elastic structure. The structure was made of aluminum with a laser-cutting fabrication process. The PVDF/MWCNT films contained piezoresistive and piezoelectric characteristics that allowed for static/low strain measurements and dynamic strain measurements, respectively. Two compositions with 0.1 wt.% and 2 wt.% PVDF/MWCNT sensing elements were selected for piezoelectric and piezoresistive strain measurements, respectively. These characteristic measurements were investigated under different vibration rates in a supported beam experiment. The 3D force sensor was tested under dynamic excitation in the Z-direction and the X-direction. A Direct Piezoresistive/Piezoelectric Fusion (DPPF) method was developed by fusing the piezoresistive and piezoelectric measurements at a given frequency that overcomes the limited frequency ranges of each of the strain sensor characteristics. The DPPF method is based on a fuzzy inference system (FIS) which is constructed and tuned using the subtractive clustering technique. Different nonlinear Hammerstein-Wiener (nlhw) models were used to estimate the actual strain from piezoresistive and piezoelectric measurements at the 3D force sensor. The DPPF method was tested and validated for different strain signal types using presumed Triangle and Square signal waves data. The DPPF has proven its effectiveness in fusing piezoresistive and piezoelectric measurements with different types of signals. In addition, an Extended Direct Piezoresistive/Piezoelectric Fusion (EPPF) is introduced to enhance the DPPF method and perform the fusion in a range of frequencies instead of a particular one. The DPPF and EPPF methods were implemented on the 3D force sensor data, and the developed fusion algorithms were tested on the proposed 3D force sensor experimental data. The simulation results show that the proposed fusion methods have been effective in achieving lower Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) than those obtained from the tuned nlhw models at different operating frequencies.</div>

No description available.

Cette thèse a permis de travailler sur l'efficacité d'un canal des systèmes massifs MIMO pour lesquels il faille déterminer le débit à l'Uplink des terminaux présents dans leurs cellules respectives. Comme hypothèse, la bande de fréquence en mode TDD est réutilisée dans chaque cellule. Tous les symboles sont propagés de manière asynchrone par les terminaux présents dans les cellules, n'empêchant pas de fait des interactions intra et inter symboles au niveau des stations de base. Ces signaux rencontrent beaucoup d'obstacles sur leur trajet qui entraînent des retards, des pertes de signaux (destructifs), des régénérations de signaux (constructifs) avec divers types de modulation (amplitude, fréquentielle, phase), etc. L’affaiblissement du trajet dans le canal est mis en exergue avec les différentes valeurs prises par le coefficient d'atténuation choisi lors des simulations. Face à cette situation, il a fallu rechercher le meilleur et robuste estimateur de canal à un temps de cohérence donné. La méthode MMSE (Minimum Mean Square Error) est retenue, comparée à d'autres. Pour la performance des systèmes massifs MIMO, nous nous sommes appesantis sur les méthodes de diversité des antennes (diversité d'ordre N), les méthodes de coding, les méthodes d'accès OFDMA et les méthodes d'égalisation pour montrer qu'effectivement le fait d'utiliser de nombreuses antennes au niveau des stations de base améliore et contribue aux gains recherchés en débits. Avec les systèmes massifs MIMO, nous avons montré que l'apport antennaire est bien reconnu dans la gestion des interférences. Un algorithme de calcul de débit à l'Uplink a été réalisé avec trois récepteurs conventionnels que sont le MRC (Maximum Ratio Combiner), le ZF (Zero-Forcing) et le MMSE (Minimum Mean Square Error). Les simulations ont permis de comparer les différentes approches. En faisant varier la puissance de contamination des symboles pilotes, nous observons la convergence des courbes ZF et MMSE. Si le nombre des cellules L augmentent, nous constatons que plus la puissance de contamination des symboles pilotes (pp) est élevée, plus la capacité diminue dans le canal. Après plusieurs itérations, notre algorithme converge vers une asymptote (régime stationnaire et linéaire) où les échantillons à la sortie des détecteurs s’approchent de la séquence de données émises. Le SINR obtenu avec les détecteurs conventionnels permet le calcul des débits respectifs dans le canal avec le théorème de SHANNON. / This thesis made it possible to work on the efficiency of a channel of massive MIMO systems for which it is necessary to determine the throughput at the Uplink of the terminals present in their respective cells. As an assumption, the frequency band in TDD mode is reused in each cell. All symbols are propagated asynchronously by the terminals present in the cells, not effectively preventing intra- and inter-symbol interactions at the base stations. These signals encounter many obstacles on their path that lead to delays, signal losses (destructive), signal regenerations (constructive) with various types of modulation (amplitude, frequency, phase), etc. The path loss in the channel is highlighted with the different values taken by the attenuation coefficient chosen during the simulations. Faced with this situation, it was necessary to look for the best and most robust channel estimator at a given consistency time. The MMSE (Minimum Mean Square Error) method is used, compared to others. For the performance of massive MIMO systems, we have focused on antenna diversity methods (N-order diversity), coding methods, OFDMA access methods and equalization methods to show that effectively using multiple antennas at base stations improves and contributes to the desired rate gains. With massive MIMO systems, we have shown that antennar contribution is well recognized in interference management. An algorithm for calculating the flow rate at the Uplink was developed using three conventional receivers: the MRC (Maximum Ratio Combiner), the ZF (Zero-Forcing) and the MMSE (Minimum Mean Square Error). The simulations made it possible to compare the different approaches. By varying the contamination power of the pilot symbols, we observe the convergence of the ZF and MMSE curves. If the number of L cells increases, we find that the higher the contamination power of the pilot symbols (pp), the lower the capacity in the channel. After several iterations, our algorithm converges to an asymptote (stationary and linear regime) where the samples at the detector output approach the transmitted data sequence. The SINR obtained with conventional detectors allows the calculation of the respective flows in the channel with the SHANNON theorem.

Abstract This thesis concentrates on evaluating and improving the throughput performances of mobile users in high speed vehicles. In particular, high speed train (HST) scenarios are considered. Emphasis is placed on practical designs and methods that take into account distinctive HST characteristics. A two-hop communication link, i.e., base station (BS)-to-HST and HST-to-onboard users (OBUs) is adopted. The main target is to improve the throughput performance on the BS-to-HST communication link, which is assumed to be the main bottleneck in the whole communication link, since the HST-to-OBU communication link is assumed to have good channel quality due to the short link distance with relatively stationary OBUs. The algorithms developed are assessed through link and system level simulations. A theoretical and practical study of the throughput maximization problem in a single and multi-cell multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) train scenario are considered with and without cooperation between train carriages. Two low-complexity transmission schemes based on simple antenna selection (AS) methods with spatial multiplexing (SM) are proposed. The simulation results demonstrate that large antenna arrays with AS and SM transmission strategies have the potential to significantly improve the throughput of the BS-to-train link in HST scenarios. Resource sharing methodologies between the moving relay nodes (MRNs) on the HST and ground macro users (GMUs) were also studied in a multi-cell MIMO-OFDM train scenario. Direct application of existing resource scheduling methods will not be appropriate to efficiently and fairly share resources, since the MRNs and the GMUs have different processing capabilities. Hence, two hybrid resource scheduling methods are analyzed in conjunction with joint and disjoint resource management. The tradeoff between the number of MRNs and receive antennas that should be installed on an HST was also examined in the context of throughput performance and capital expenditure. Results show that joint scheduling does not provide the best overall performance and there is a need to schedule each group of mobile terminals (MTs) separately. Finally, the feasibility of the use of higher frequency bands (HFBs) was examined in HST scenarios. A timer-based beam selection scheme for HST, which does not require any training time to select the appropriate beam is also proposed. The proposed beam selection scheme (PBSS) displays a close performance to the ideal singular value decomposition (SVD) scheme. / Tiivistelmä Tämä väitöskirja keskittyy mobiilikäyttäjien tiedonsiirtonopeuksien arviointiin ja parantamiseen nopeasti liikkuvissa kulkuneuvoissa. Työ käsittelee erityisesti tiedonsiirtoa suurnopeusjunissa. Työssä korostetaan käytännön menetelmiä, jotka ottavat huomioon nopeasti liikkuvien junien tiedonsiirron erityispiirteet. Työssä käytetään kahden hypyn linkkimallia, jossa tiedonsiirto kulkee tukiasemalta junaan ja junasta käyttäjälle, joka on junassa. Päätavoite on parantaa datanopeuksia tukiaseman ja junan välisessä tiedonsiirtolinkissä, jonka uskotaan olevan suurin pullonkaula koko tiedonsiirtolinkissä, koska junan ja lähes paikallaan olevan käyttäjän välinen kanava voidaan olettaa hyvälaatuiseksi linkin lyhyyden vuoksi. Kehitettyjen algoritmien suorituskykyä arvioidaan linkki- ja järjestelmätason simulaatioilla. Työssä tutkitaan tiedonsiirtonopeuden maksimointiongelmaa teoreettisella ja käytännön tasolla yhden ja usean solun MIMO OFDM junaskenaarioissa, joissa junan vaunut tekevät tai eivät tee yhteistyötä. Työssä esitetään kaksi alhaisen kompleksisuuden lähetysmenetelmää, jotka hyödyntävät yksinkertaista antennin valintamenetelmää ja tilatason multipleksointia. Simulointitulokset osoittavat, että suuret antenniryhmät, jotka hyödyntävät näitä lähetysmenetelmiä, voivat parantaa merkittävästi tiedonsiirtonopeutta tukiasemalta junaan päin. Työssä tutkitaan myös resurssien jakomenetelmiä liikkuvien junassa olevien releiden ja maatason makrokäyttäjien välillä monen solun MIMO-OFDM junaskenaariossa. Nykyisten resurssinhallintamenetelmien käyttö ei ole suoraan mahdollista tehokasta ja oikeudenmukaista resurssien jakoa, koska releillä ja makrokäyttäjillä on erilaiset prosessointikyvyt. Tämän vuoksi työssä analysoidaan kahta hybridimenetelmään resurssien skeduloinnille. Tutkimukset selventävät tasapainoa releiden lukumäärän ja junaan asennettavien vastaanotinantennien välillä tiedonsiirtonopeuden ja kustannusten osalta. Tulokset osoittavat, että yhteinen resurssien jako ei saavuta parasta suorituskykyä, eikä ole tarvetta ajoittaa jokaista matkaviestinterminaaliryhmää erikseen. Lopuksi työssä tutkitaan korkeampien taajuusalueiden soveltuvuutta tiedonsiirtoon suurnopeusjunissa. Työssä ehdotetaan ajastinpohjaista keilanvalintamenetelmää, joka ei vaadi opetusjaksoa sopivan keilan valintaan. Ehdotetun menetelmän saavuttama suorituskyky on lähellä ideaalisen singulaariarvohajotelmaa hyödyntävän menetelmän suorituskykyä.

Les travaux de recherche de cette thèse de doctorat s’inscrivent dans le cadre de la conception d’unconvertisseur analogique-numérique (ADC, Analog-to-Digital Converter) large bande et à haute résolution afinde numériser plusieurs standards de communications sans fil. Il répond ainsi au concept de la radio logiciellerestreinte (SDR, Software Defined Radio). L’objectif visé est la reconfigurabilité par logiciel et l’intégrabilité envue d’un système radio multistandard. Les ADCs à sur-échantillonnage de type sigma-delta () s’avèrent debons candidats dans ce contexte de réception SDR multistandard en raison de leur précision accrue. Bien queleur bande passante soit réduite, il est possible de les utiliser dans une architecture en parallèle permettantd’élargir la bande passante. Nous nous proposons alors dans cette thèse de dimensionner et d’implanter unADC parallèle à décomposition fréquentielle (FBD) basé sur des modulateurs  à temps-discret pour unrécepteur SDR supportant les standards E-GSM, UMTS et IEEE802.11a. La nouveauté dans l’architectureproposée est qu’il est programmable, la numérisation d’un signal issu d’un standard donné se réalise enactivant seulement les branches concernées de l’architecture parallèle avec des sous-bandes defonctionnement et une fréquence d’échantillonnage spécifiée. De plus, le partage fréquentiel des sous-bandesest non uniforme. Après validation du dimensionnement théorique par simulation, l’étage en bande de base aété dimensionné. Cette étude conduit à la définition d’un filtre anti-repliement passif unique d’ordre 6 et detype Butterworth, permettant l’élimination du circuit de contrôle de gain automatique (AGC). L’architectureFBD requière un traitement numérique permettant de combiner les signaux à la sortie des branches enparallèle pour reconstruire le signal de sortie finale. Un dimensionnement optimisé de cet étage numérique àbase de démodulation a été proposé. La synthèse de l’étage en bande de base a montré des problèmes destabilité des modulateurs . Pour y remédier, une solution basée sur la modification de la fonction detransfert du signal (STF) afin de filtrer les signaux hors bande d’intérêt par branche a été élaborée. Unediscontinuité de phase a été également constatée dans le signal de sortie reconstruit. Une solution deraccordement de phase a été proposée. L’étude analytique et la conception niveau système ont étécomplétées par une implantation de la reconstruction numérique de l’ADC parallèle. Deux flots de conceptionont été considérés, un associé au FPGA et l’autre indépendant de la cible choisie (VHDL standard).L’architecture proposée a été validée sur un FPGA Xilinx de type VIRTEX6. Une dynamique de 74 dB a étémesurée pour le cas d’étude UMTS, ce qui est compatible avec celle requise du standard UMTS. / The work presented in this Ph.D. dissertation deals with the design of a wideband and accurate Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) able to digitize signals of different wireless communications standards. Thereby, itresponds to the Software Defined Radio concept (SDR). The purpose is reconfigurability by software andintegrability of the multistandard radio terminal. Oversampling  (Sigma Delta) ADCs have been interestingcandidates in this context of multistandard SDR reception thanks to their high accuracy. Although they presentlimited operating bandwidth, it is possible to use them in a parallel architecture thus the bandwidth isextended. Therefore, we propose in this work the design and implementation of a parallel frequency banddecomposition ADC based on Discrete-time  modulators in an SDR receiver handling E-GSM, UMTS andIEEE802.11a standard signals. The novelty of this proposed architecture is its programmability. Where,according to the selected standard digitization is made by activating only required branches are activated withspecified sub-bandwidths and sampling frequency. In addition the frequency division plan is non-uniform.After validation of the theoretical design by simulation, the overall baseband stage has been designed. Resultsof this study have led to a single passive 6th order Butterworth anti-aliasing filter (AAF) permitting theelimination of the automatic gain control circuit (AGC) which is an analog component. FBD architecturerequires digital processing able to recombine parallel branches outputs signals in order to reconstruct the finaloutput signal. An optimized design of this digital reconstruction signal stage has been proposed. Synthesis ofthe baseband stage has revealed  modulators stability problems. To deal with this problem, a solution basedon non-unitary STF has been elaborated. Indeed, phase mismatches have been shown in the recombinedoutput signal and they have been corrected in the digital stage. Analytic study and system level design havebeen completed by an implementation of the parallel ADC digital reconstruction stage. Two design flows havebeen considered, one associated to the FPGA and another independent of the chosen target (standard VHDL).Proposed architecture has been validated using a VIRTEX6 FPGA Xilinx target. A dynamic range over 74 dB hasbeen measured for UMTS use case, which responds to the dynamic range required by this standard.

Abstract The concept of resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is built onto an original finding in 1995 that brain hemispheres present synchronous signal fluctuations with distinct patterns. fMRI measurements rely on blood oxygenation changes that indirectly mirror neural activity. Therefore, the origin of functional connectivity patterns, resting state networks (RSNs), has been a widely debated research question and numerous contributing factors have been identified. According to current understanding the fluctuations reflect maintenance of the system integrity in addition to spontaneous thought and action processes in the resting state. A popular method to study the functional connectivity in resting state fMRI is spatial independent component analysis (ICA) that decomposes signal sources into statistically independent components. The dichotomy of functional specialization versus functional integration has a correspondence in fMRI studies where RSNs play the integrative viewpoint of brain function. Although canonical large-scale RSNs are broadly distributed they also express modularity that can be accomplished by ICA with a high number of estimated components. The characteristics of high ICA dimensionality are broadly investigated in the thesis. An enduring issue in resting state research has been the confounding noise sources like motion and cardiorespiratory processes which may hamper the analysis. In this thesis the ability of ICA to separate these noise sources from the default mode network, a major RSN, is studied. Additionally, the suitability of ICA for full frequency spectrum analysis, a relatively rare setting in biosignal analysis, is investigated. The results of the thesis support the viewpoint of ICA as a robust analysis method for functional connectivity analysis. Cardiorespiratory and motion induced noise did not confound the functional connectivity analyses with ICA. High dimensional ICA provided better signal source separation, revealed the modular structure of the RSNs and pinpointed the specific aberrations in the autism spectrum disorder population. ICA was also found applicable for fully explorative analysis in both the spatial and temporal domains and indicated functional connectivity changes induced by transcranial bright light stimulation. / Tiivistelmä Konsepti lepotilan tutkimisesta toiminnallisella magneettikuvauksella (engl. functional magnetic resonance imaging, fMRI) on rakentunut vuonna 1995 tehdylle löydökselle aivopuoliskojen välillä synkronisesta signaalivaihtelusta. Mittaukset perustuvat veren hapetuksen muutoksiin, jotka epäsuorasti heijastelevat hermostollista toimintaa. Tämän takia toiminnallisen kytkennällisyyden muodot, lepotilaverkostot, ovat olleet laajasti väitelty tutkimusaihe ja monia verkostoihin vaikuttavia tekijöitä onkin tunnistettu. Nykykäsityksen mukaan signaalivaihtelut lepotilassa heijastelevat järjestelmän yhtenäisyyden ylläpitoa spontaanin ajattelun ja toiminnan lisäksi. Suosittu menetelmä toiminnallisen kytkennällisyyden tutkimiseen lepotilan fMRI:ssä on spatiaalinen itsenäisten komponenttien analyysi (engl. independent component analysis, ICA), joka hajottaa signaalilähteet tilastollisesti itsenäisiin komponentteihin. Aivotoiminnan mallintamisessa kahtiajaolla toiminnalliseen erikoistumiseen ja toiminnalliseen integraatioon on vastaavuus fMRI-tutkimukseen, jossa lepotilaverkostot vastaavat toiminnallisen integraation näkökulmasta. Vaikka kanoniset lepotilaverkostot ovat laaja-alaisia, ne ovat toisaalta modulaarisia, jota voidaan tutkia tutkimalla korkean komponenttimäärän ICA-hajotelmaa. Korkea- dimensioisen ICA-hajotelman ominaisuuksia tutkitaan laajasti tässä väitöskirjassa. Kestoaihe lepotilatutkimuksessa on ollut analyysiä hankaloittavien kohinalähteiden kuten liikkeen ja kardiorespiratoristen prosessien vaikutus. Väitöskirjassa tutkitaan ICA:n kykyä erotella kohinalähteitä ’default mode’ -verkostosta, joka on merkittävin lepotilaverkosto. Lisäksi tutkitaan ICA:n soveltuvuutta täyden taajuuskaistan analysointiin, joka on verrattain harvinaista biosignaalien analyysissä. Väitöskirjan tulokset tukevat näkemystä ICA:n suorituskyvystä toiminnallisen kytkennällisyyden analyysissä. Kardiorespiratorinen ja liikkeestä lähtöisin oleva kohina ei häirinnyt merkittävästi ICA-tuloksia. Korkeadimensioinen ICA tarjosi paremman erottelun signaalilähteille, paljasti lepotilaverkostojen modulaarisen rakenteen ja määritti erityisen poikkeaman autismin kirjon oireyhtymän populaatiossa. ICA:n havaittiin olevan soveltuva täyseksploratiiviselle analyysille ajassa ja avaruudessa; tulos viittaa toiminnallisen kytkennällisyyden muutoksiin kallon läpäisevän kirkasvalostimulaation aikaansaamana.