This study was an investigation of how friends’ Facebook status updates, wall posts, and pictures influence the reader’s perceived satisfaction with overall life, family, and friendships. Eleven participants were interviewed and completed a questionnaire. Open Coding of Grounded Theory research design was used. The author of this study concluded that some individuals socially compare themselves to others on Facebook. People’s life satisfaction increased if others were doing poorly and decreased if others were doing better. Occasionally, friends’ positive posts about friends’ lives motivate readers to do better in their own lives. Satisfaction with family was not as influenced as satisfaction with friendships. College students face the developmental transition of “emerging adulthood” that can be eased by their overall life satisfaction and their satisfaction with family and friendships. This study contributed to the understanding of the influence of Facebook communication on the perceived life satisfaction of college students.

The present thesis explores how people’s gender with its various intersections shape theirexperiences of making friends in adulthood in the Finnish context and presents anintersectional analysis of the processes and challenges of making friends. The intersections Ifocused on were those of gender with ethnicity, race, religion and migrant or non-migrantstatus. Additionally, it discusses how the decolonial concepts of “world”-travelling anddiatopical hermeneutics can be used to explore how making friends could become easier. Thedata was collected through two focus group discussions with participants I recruited at anevent which provides a space for people of various backgrounds to meet people and makefriends. The research shows that making friends requires conscious effort and the challengesfor people who inhabit certain intersections can be bigger than for others. There are manybarriers that need to disappear for friendship formation to become easier, and that can happenby challenging our own prejudice and having an open mind. Making friends requires us to beable to travel to others’ “worlds” and welcome them to our own, which can only becomepossible if we encounter people that are different to us without prejudice. Meeting andlistening to each other is key to making friends, while also education from a young age maybe the key to combat and most importantly prevent discrimination and promote positiverelationships between people of different backgrounds.

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This paper documents the underlying support many left-leaning Quakers had for the Bolshevik Revolution, displayed through the relief operations of the American Friends Service Committee in Russia from 1919-1931. While the Friends have carried out relief efforts in many areas of the world in their spirit of Christian fellowship, there was added excitement for the work in Russia due to the Bolsheviks' goals of social justice. Therefore, much of why the Friends went, why they stayed so long, and how they were able to achieve so much was due to the influence of communist sympathies in and around Quaker circles. The mission achieved a special place in the minds of many AFSC workers and officials because of these communist sympathies, which eventually blinded many Quakers to the atrocities of the Russian Revolution and the nature of the emerging Soviet regime. / History

Yes / This article explores how people who live apart from their partners in Britain describe and understand ‘family’. It investigates whether, and how far, non-cohabiting partners, friends, ‘blood’ and legal ties are seen as ‘family’, and how practices of care and support, and feelings of closeness are related to these constructions. It suggests that people in LAT relationships creatively draw and re-draw the boundaries of family belonging in ways that involve emotionally subjective understandings of family life, and that also refer to normative constructions of what ‘family’ ought to be, as well as to practical recognitions of lived family ‘realities’. This often involves handling uncertainties about what constitutes ‘family’.

Objective: To determine the impact of preschool teacher food-related attitudes and behaviors on child food behaviors. Design: A twelve-week intervention and observational study with teachers completing questionnaires before and after the intervention. Setting: Head Start classrooms throughout Virginia. Participants: 177 preschool Head Start teachers and 1534 children. Intervention(s): Food Friends, a twelve-week social marketing campaign, was conducted by Head Start teachers during the Spring 2007, introducing children to novel foods with food puppets, nutrition-related activities and novel food tasting opportunities. Hypotheses related to the impact of preschool teachers' food-related attitudes and behaviors on children's food behaviors were tested, and changes in teacher and child food behaviors were measured. Main Outcome Measures: Teacher food-related attitudes and behaviors were measured/quantified. Child food behaviors were measured and compared to teacher attitudes and behaviors. Analysis: Descriptive, correlational and t-test statistics were conducted. Results: Teachers' and children's acceptance of novel foods improved after the Food Friends program, however, no direct correlations were found between teacher food-related attitudes and behaviors and child food behaviors. Conclusions and Implications: Preschool teacher attitudes and behaviors may not significantly impact child food-related behaviors. More research is needed to determine effective ways of encouraging positive child food behaviors. / Master of Science

Sociala medier har blivit en stor del av människors vardag och ger därmed en stor möjlighet för organisationer och företag att nå ut till fler människor. Trots att organisationer har haft några år på sig att hitta strategier anpassade till just sociala medier så är det fortfarande många som ser det som ytterligare en kanal till att endast informera och marknadsföra istället för att använda det till att skapa relationer med publiken. Den här uppsatsen har därför som syfte att undersöka hur Friends, som är en icke-vinstdrivande organisation, kommunicerar på Facebook för att bygga och vårda relationer med deras publik. En relation mellan organisation och publik grundas ur ett gemensamt intresse för varandra och ett ömsesidigt engagemang. Studien utgår från teorier kring sociala medier, engagemang, dialog och relationsskapande kommunikation för att skapa en större förståelse för hur en icke-vinstdrivande organisation använder Facebook som en relationsskapande kommunikationskanal. De metoder som använts i studien är en kvantitativ innehållsanalys för att få en övergripande bild över innehållet på Friends Facebook-sida och på vilket sätt det engagerar publiken och en kvalitativ innehållsanalys för att djupare analysera hur Friends kommunicerar för att skapa relation och engagera publiken och hur de hanterar dialogen i kommentarsfältet. Med hjälp av metoderna har Friends Facebook-sida studerats i form av inlägg, kommentarer till inlägg, gillningar, delningar och bemötandet av kommentarer. Resultatet av analysen visar att Friends till viss del använder Facebook för att nå ut med information kring organisationen och dess syfte, men att de även till stor del anänder Facebook för att engagera publiken på olika sätt. Detta görs genom att bland annat uppmana publiken att själva gå ut och bidra till ett bättre samhälle och genom underhållande och glädjande budskap som är kopplade till organisationens värderingar. Friends använder sig av många relationsskapande element i inläggen som att tacka och uppmärksamma publiken, personliga tilltal och omtal samt värdeladdade ord. De bemöter också olika typer av kommentarer på ett sätt som är anpassat till kommentaren vilket gör att de efterliknar en riktigt dialog. I de flesta svar använder Friends ett personligt bemötande och en personlig signatur som underlättar för fortsatt dialog. / Social media has become a big part of people's daily lives and therefore provides a great opportunity for organizations and businesses to reach out to more people. Although organizations have had a few years to find strategies adapted to social media, there are still many who see it as another channel to merely informing and market instead of using it to create relationships with the audience. This essay aims therefore to examine how Friends, who is a non-profit organization, communicate on Facebook to build and nurture relationships with their audiences. A relationship between the organization and the audience are based on a shared interest in each other and a mutual commitment. The study is based on theories of social media, engagement, dialogue and relationship-building communications to create a greater understanding of how a not-for-profit organisation use Facebook as a relationship-building communications channel. The methods used in the study is a quantitative content analysis to get an overall picture of the content of Friends Facebook page and the way it engages the audience and a qualitative content analysis to deeper analyze how Friends communicates to create relationship and engage their audience and how they handle the dialogue in the comment field. With the help of the methods, Friends Facebook page where studied in the form of posts, comments to posts, likes, shares, and answers to comments. The results of the analysis show that Friends partly are using Facebook to reach out with information about the organization and its purpose, but also use Facebook to engage the audiences in different ways. This is done by, among other things, encourage the audience to go out and contribute to a better society themselves and through entertaining and gratifying message that is linked to the organization's values. Friends uses many relationship-building elements in posts like giving thanks and recognize the audience, personal addressing and emotionally charged words. They also treat different kinds of comments in a way that is tailored to the commentary, which means that they mimic a real dialogue. In many of the comments Friends uses a personal approach and a personal signature that facilitates continued dialogue.

The purpose of this study is to examine how six teachers, who work in two different schools, assess the methods Friends and Mombus in terms of bullying prevention. The Curriculum for elementary school (Lpo 94) emphasizes that it is the employees of schools who carry the main responsibility for preventing bullying among pupils. One of the main results of this study is that teachers, in addition to their work with Friends or Mombus, also need to use alternative methods to prevent bullying. Examples of these alternative methods include “Emotional Intelligence” as well as “friendship massage”. The result section also stresses the importance of anti-bullying teams when it comes to preventing harassments. At present there are no studies which have evaluated the results the Friends and Mombus methods have achieved. Since the methods are used in many schools in Sweden, the lack of evaluations is noteworthy. This study ends with a discussion on the complexity of bullying prevention. Further research is needed to clarify the results of different anti- bullying methods. / Syftet med studien var att ta del av lärares resonemang kring arbetet med att motverka mobbning på två grundskolor för att analysera och beskriva det upplevda stödet som metoderna Friends respektive Mombus ger i det förebyggande arbetet mot mobbning. I Läroplan för det obligatoriska skolväsendet, förskoleklassen och fritidshemmet (Lpo 94) lyfts att det är personal på skolan som bär ansvar för att förebygga kränkande behandlingar eller mobbning bland eleverna. I den kvalitativa studiens resultat påvisas det att lärarna som arbetar med Friends respektive Mombus behöver arbeta med flera andra arbetssätt för att förebygga mobbning. Andra arbetssätt som lärarna använder sig av i den dagliga verksamheten är till exempel EQ och kompismassage. I resultatet framhålls därtill det stöd lärarna erhålls från Mobbningsteamen på sina respektive skolor för att motverka alla former av kränkande behandling. Det finns inga utvärderingar gjorda kring vilket resultat metoderna Friends och Mombus ger i det preventiva arbetet mot mobbning vilket kan tyckas anmärkningsvärt eftersom båda metoderna praktiseras på många skolor i Sverige. Studiens avslutande diskussion belyser att arbetet med att förebygga mobbning är komplext och att det krävs mer forskning samt utvärderingar kring olika antimobbningsmetoder och deras resultat när det gäller att förebygga kränkande behandling samt mobbning.

<p>The purpose of this study is to examine how six teachers, who work in two different schools, assess the methods Friends and Mombus in terms of bullying prevention. The Curriculum for elementary school (Lpo 94) emphasizes that it is the employees of schools who carry the main responsibility for preventing bullying among pupils. One of the main results of this study is that teachers, in addition to their work with Friends or Mombus, also need to use alternative methods to prevent bullying. Examples of these alternative methods include “Emotional Intelligence” as well as “friendship massage”. The result section also stresses the importance of anti-bullying teams when it comes to preventing harassments. At present there are no studies which have evaluated the results the Friends and Mombus methods have achieved. Since the methods are used in many schools in Sweden, the lack of evaluations is noteworthy. This study ends with a discussion on the complexity of bullying prevention. Further research is needed to clarify the results of different anti- bullying methods.</p> / <p>Syftet med studien var att ta del av lärares resonemang kring arbetet med att motverka mobbning på två grundskolor för att analysera och beskriva det upplevda stödet som metoderna Friends respektive Mombus ger i det förebyggande arbetet mot mobbning. I Läroplan för det obligatoriska skolväsendet, förskoleklassen och fritidshemmet (Lpo 94) lyfts att det är personal på skolan som bär ansvar för att förebygga kränkande behandlingar eller mobbning bland eleverna. I den kvalitativa studiens resultat påvisas det att lärarna som arbetar med Friends respektive Mombus behöver arbeta med flera andra arbetssätt för att förebygga mobbning. Andra arbetssätt som lärarna använder sig av i den dagliga verksamheten är till exempel EQ och kompismassage. I resultatet framhålls därtill det stöd lärarna erhålls från Mobbningsteamen på sina respektive skolor för att motverka alla former av kränkande behandling. Det finns inga utvärderingar gjorda kring vilket resultat metoderna Friends och Mombus ger i det preventiva arbetet mot mobbning vilket kan tyckas anmärkningsvärt eftersom båda metoderna praktiseras på många skolor i Sverige. Studiens avslutande diskussion belyser att arbetet med att förebygga mobbning är komplext och att det krävs mer forskning samt utvärderingar kring olika antimobbningsmetoder och deras resultat när det gäller att förebygga kränkande behandling samt mobbning.</p>

Esta dissertação trata de code-switching e footing na sitcom estadunidense Friends. Tanto a troca linguística como o posicionamento identitário são elementos de análise da Sociolinguística Interacional (GOFFMAN, 1981; HUDSON, 1996; DURANTI, 1997), que é a teoria basilar desta investigação. Não somente aspectos teóricos desse arcabouço são utilizados como também estudos sobre humor (RASKIN, 1979; WRIGHT, 1875), sitcom (FURQUIM, 1999; SAVORELLI, 2010; VANDAELE, 1996), multimodalidade (GOODWIN, 2010; KRESS; LEEUWEN, 1996; VIEIRA; SILVESTRE, 2015), estereótipos (LAKOFF, 1987; SCHIAPPA; GREGG; HEWES, 2005), performance (TURNER, 1987), generalização social (BLUM, 2004), dentre outros. A fim de responder ao problema desta pesquisa, que reside em entender se o code-switching e o footing são mecanismos de geração do humor na sitcom Friends, optamos pelo estudo de caso dessa comédia seriada e pela investigação dos atos comunicativos em que se fazem presentes a alternância de código linguístico e o reposicionamento identitário. O objetivo geral da pesquisa é examinar a relação entre a geração de humor e as situações em que há a presença de code-switching entre Inglês Americano e do Inglês Britânico e de posicionamento entre variedades do Inglês Americano, além de considerar o posicionamento multimodal das interações comunicativas em episódios da sitcom Friends. Os objetivos específicos são (a) identificar os construtos identitários culturais na sitcom Friends, (b) identificar as situações de code-switching na geração de humor, (c) analisar situações de code-switching e aspectos multimodais na interação comunicativa e (d) analisar os efeitos do humor, com ênfase em fatores culturais intervenientes. Com a finalidade de cumprir com esses objetivos, alicerçamos nossa pesquisa, também, nos estudos de framing (GOFFMAN, 1974), que foram identificados nas cenas em que há code-switching e footing, que foram transcritas a partir da simbologia da Análise da Conversa (SACKS; SCHEGLOFF; JEFFERSON, 1974). Os resultados demonstram que, nos episódios da série Friends que foram analisados, o code-switching e o footing são mecanismos potenciais estratégicos de geração de humor que se formam em situações plurais com diversas funções de comicidade, tais como: sátira cultural, caricaturização estereotipada, representação da realidade, dentre outras. / Submitted by Ana Guimarães Pereira (agpereir@ucs.br) on 2017-10-25T12:01:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Gilberto Broilo Neto.pdf: 2137616 bytes, checksum: dff4b5374bbd97c9f849d7dd7b3da707 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-25T12:01:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Gilberto Broilo Neto.pdf: 2137616 bytes, checksum: dff4b5374bbd97c9f849d7dd7b3da707 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-10-25 / This dissertation is about code-switching and footing in the north-american sitcom Friends. Both the switch of language and the identity positioning are objects of analysis for the Interactional Sociolinguistics area (GOFFMAN, 1981; HUDSON, 1996; DURANTI, 1997), which is the main theory of this investigation. Not only theoretical aspects of this background are used but also studies about humour (RASKIN, 1979; WRIGHT, 1875), sitcom (FURQUIM, 1999; SAVORELLI, 2010; VANDAELE, 1996), multimodalidality (GOODWIN, 2010; KRESS; LEEUWEN, 1996; VIEIRA; SILVESTRE, 2015), estereotypes (LAKOFF, 1987; SCHIAPPA; GREGG; HEWES, 2005), performance (TURNER, 1987), social generalization (BLUM, 2004), among others. In order to solve the problem of this research, which resides in understanding whether both code-switching and footing are strategies of humour in the sitcom Friends, we opted for the case study of this situational comedy and for the investigation of the communicative acts in which the switch of linguistic codes and identity repositiong are found. The general objective of this research is to examine the connection between humour creation and the situations in which there is evidence of code-switching between American English and British English, positioning between American English varieties and the multimodal positioning of communicative interactions in episodes of the sitcom Friends. The specific objectives are (a) to identify the constructs of cultural identity in the sitcom Friends, (b) to identify the situations of code-switching in the humour generation, (c) to analyse the situations of code-switching and the multimodal aspects of the communicative act and (d) to analyse the effects of humour, highlighting the intervenient cultural aspects related to such effects. In order to fulfill these objectives, we, also, based our research on the studies of framing (GOFFMAN, 1974), which are identified in the scenes of code-switching and footing, being transcribed according to the Conversation Analysis symbolic conventions (SACKS; SCHEGLOFF; JEFFERSON, 1974). The results show that, in the episodes of the series Friends analysed, both code-switching and footing are potential strategic mecanisms to create humour formed in several situations through different comical functions, such as: cultural satire, stereotyped caricature, reality representation, among others.