Orientador: Eduardo Sanches Stuchi / Coorientador: Helvécio Della Coletta Filho / Banca: Antonio Baldo Geraldo Martins / Banca: Simone Rodrigues da Silva / Resumo: O huanglongbing (HLB ou greening) é uma doença altamente destrutiva que ataca a maioria das espécies de citros. Trabalhos e observações recentes sugerem que os porta-enxertos podem ter influência na incidência e severidade da doença. O presente projeto teve como objetivo monitorar a reação de 16 variedades de porta-enxertos sob laranjeira „Valencia‟ frente ao Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus por meio da técnica de q-PCR, e suas respostas biométricas, tais como: diâmetro 2 cm a baixo e a cima da linha da enxertia, altura do colo da planta ao enxerto e do enxerto a poda, comprimento do lançamento, peso fresco da parte aérea e do sistema radicular, volume do sistema radicular, e análise foliar de macro e micronutrientes. Os porta-enxertos empregados foram os principais em uso comercial: trifloliateiro „Flying Dragon‟, limoeiro „Cravo‟, „Poncirus trifoliata', tangerineira „Sunki‟ e citrumelo „Swingle‟, testados experimentalmente com bons resultados: citrangeiros „Troyer‟ e „Carrizo‟ tetraplóides, HRS 643, HRS 702, HRS 849 e HRS 812, em fase de experimentação: „Clementina x trifoliata‟ (1615), „Cleópatra x Swingle‟ (1614), „Cleópatra x Rubidoux‟ (1600) e „Changsha x English Large‟, além de um híbrido „Rhode Red + Volkameriano‟, também em fase experimental. O experimento foi conduzido no Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, em Cordeirópolis. Cada associação copa e porta-enxerto apresentaram sete plantas, cinco delas foram inoculadas e duas não inoculadas. Para analisar a evolução da bactéria nas plantas foram realizadas três amostragens (8, 12, 16 meses após a inoculação), de pecíolos e nervuras centrais... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The Huanglongbing (HLB or greening) is a highly destructive disease that affects most citrus cultivars, species and hybrids. Recent works and researches suggest that rootstock variety influenced disease severity and incidence. This work aimed to characterize variation in the reaction of 16 cultivars of rootstocks grafted with a sweet orange „Valência‟ scion in response to Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus by q-PCR and biometric characteristics such as: stem diameter 2 cm above and below the grafting, collar height of the plant to the graft, collar height of the graft to the pruning, length of the first bud after pruning, fresh weight of aerial part of the plant, fresh weight of root system, root volume and leaf analysis of macro and micronutrients. The rootstocks used in the work were the major commercial cultivars: trifoliate orange „Flying Dragon‟, Rangpur lime, „Poncirus trifoliata‟, mandarin „Sunki‟ and citrumelo „Swingle‟, tested experimentally with good results, citrange „Troyer‟ and „Carrizo‟ tetraploid, HRS 643, HRS 702, HRS 849 and HRS 812, in experimental stage, „Clementina x trifoliata‟ (1615), „Cleópatra x Swingle‟ (1614), „Cleópatra x Rubidoux‟ (1600) and „Changsha x English Large‟, plus a hybrid „Rhode Red + Volkameriano‟. The experiment was conducted at Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira in Cordeirópolis. Each cultivar had seven plants, five were inoculated and two were used as control plants. To evaluate the growth of bacteria in plants, three sampling were done at (8, 12, 16 months after inoculation) by visually infected... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

abstract: This study was designed to influence consumer habits, specifically those relating to purchases of fruits, vegetables, and junk food. Previous studies have clearly shown the ineffectiveness of simply describing the health benefits of eating more fruits and vegetables (F/V). In contrast, this study aimed to change the result by changing the message: providing participants with insight into the hidden agendas of food companies and grocery stores, provide useful tips on how to include children when selecting F/V, and emphasizing the importance of parental modeling in regard to food purchases. Participants of this study were separated into two groups, the tour group and the education group. The tour group was guided through a grocery store where they learned about sales tactics and manipulations used by grocery stores and food companies to influence purchases. Education group participants were provided with an education session focusing on USDA and FDA handouts displaying current educational suggestions for increasing F/V consumption. Grocery store receipts were collected and analyzed to track the progress of both groups. The goal of the study was to identify a method of informing consumers that will produce a significant change in behavior. Increasing F/V consumption, even in relatively small amounts, would be an important step forward in improving the diet and overall health of Americans. This study was the first of its kind to measure purchasing patterns objectively (through analysis of purchase receipts, rather than personal opinion/evaluation surveys) and in a wide-scope retail environment that includes all grocery store purchases by participants. Significant increases or decreases in the amount of money spent on F/V, or the amount (pounds) of F/V purchased were not seen, however a small correlation (r = 0.133) exists when comparing the weight of F/V purchased pre/post intervention. Data from Food Frequency Questionnaires shows participants consuming significantly higher amounts of F/V post intervention (p=0.043). The tour group and education group experienced an average increase of 0.7 servings per day. Future interventions might benefit by extending their scope to include cooking demonstrations, in-home interventions, and education on healthy eating outside of the home. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Nutrition 2013

abstract: Fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption continues to lag far behind US Department of Agriculture (USDA) recommendations. Interventions targeting individuals' dietary behaviors address only a small fraction of dietary influences. Changing the food environment by increasing availability of and excitement for FV through local food production has shown promise as a method for enhancing intake. However, the extent to which local production is sufficient to meet recommended FV intakes, or actual intakes, of specific populations remains largely unconsidered. This study was the first of its kind to evaluate the capacity to support FV intake of Arizona's population with statewide production of FV. We created a model to evaluate what percentage of Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) recommendations, as well as actual consumption, state-level FV production could meet in a given year. Intake and production figures were amended to include estimates of only fresh, non-tropical FV. Production was then estimated by month and season to illustrate fluctuations in availability of FV. Based on our algorithm, Arizona production met 184.5% of aggregate fresh vegetable recommendations, as well as 351.9% of estimated intakes of Arizonans, but met only 29.7% of recommended and 47.8% of estimated intake of fresh, non-tropical fruit. Much of the excess vegetable production can be attributed to the dark-green vegetable sub-group category, which could meet 3204.6% and 3160% of Arizonans' aggregated recommendations and estimated intakes, respectively. Only minimal seasonal variations in the total fruit and total vegetable categories were found, but production of the five vegetable sub-groups varied between the warm and cool seasons by 19-98%. For example, in the starchy vegetable group, cool season (October to March) production met only 3.6% of recommendations, but warm season (April to November) production supplied 196.5% of recommendations. Results indicate that Arizona agricultural production has the capacity to meet a large proportion of the population's FV needs throughout much of the year, while at the same time remaining a major producer of dark-green vegetables for out-of-state markets. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Nutrition 2013

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / The development of analytical methods aiming at monitoring of pesticides is essential to ensure that foods are within limits considered safe for health, and to enable the regulatory agencies to obtain faster and more reliable results. In this work, we developed and validated a method for the determination of pesticides in mango, running the sample preparation with QuEChERS method modified with the addition of graphitized carbon (CGB - Carbon Grafitized Black) to remove nonpolar pigments and to identify and quantification of the compounds to the Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The developed method showed selectivity for all compounds. For all compounds was identified matrix effect, so the study of quantification of the compound was made based on the curves made in the matrix extract. The limits of detection (LOD) ranged from 0,0025 to 0,01 mg.kg-1 and the limits of quantification (LOQ) ranged from 0,008 to 0,03 mg.kg-1. The compounds showed acceptable recovery levels ranging from34% to 143%. The method was applied to the determination of pesticide residues in twelve samples of mango, among which, in six samples were detected five different compounds (Chloroneb, Propachlor, α-Chlordane, Chlorpyrifos,DCPA, Chlorobenzilate and trans-Permethrin). For Chloroneb compounds, Propachlor and α-Chlordane were detected concentration above the maximum residue limit allowed under EU data / O desenvolvimento de mÃtodos analÃticos visando o monitoramento de pesticidas à fundamental para assegurar que os alimentos estejam dentro dos limites considerados seguros para a saÃde, bem como possibilitar aos ÃrgÃos fiscalizadores a obtenÃÃo de resultados mais rÃpidos e confiÃveis. Neste trabalho, foi desenvolvido e validado um mÃtodo para a determinaÃÃo de pesticidas em manga, executando-se o preparo da amostra com mÃtodo QuEChERS modificado, com a adiÃÃo de carbono grafitizado (CGB â Carbon Grafitized Black) para remover pigmentos apolares e para identificaÃÃo e quantificaÃÃo dos compostos a Cromatografia Gasosa acoplada a Espectrometria de Massas (CG-EM). O mÃtodo desenvolvido demonstrou seletividade para todos os compostos. Para todos os compostos foi identificado efeito matriz, dessa forma o estudo de quantificaÃÃo dos compostos foi feito com base nas curvas realizadas no extrato da matriz. Os limites de detecÃÃo (LD) variaram de 0,0025 a 0,01 mg.kg-1 e os limites de quantificaÃÃo (LQ) variaram de 0,008 a 0,03 mg.kg-1. Os compostos apresentaram nÃveis de recuperaÃÃo aceitÃveis compreendidos entre 34% a 143%. O mÃtodo desenvolvido foi aplicado para a determinaÃÃo de resÃduos de pesticidas em doze amostras de manga, dentre as quais, em seis amostras foram detectados cinco diferentes compostos (Cloronebe, Propacloro, α-Clordano, ClorpirifÃs, DCPA, Clorobenzilato e trans-Permetrina), com valores entre 0,004 a 0,042 mg.kg-1. Para os compostos Cloronebe, Propacloro e α-Clordano foram detectados concentraÃÃes superiores ao limite mÃximo de resÃduo permitido segundo dados da UniÃo EuropÃia

Orientador: Delia B. Rodriguez-Amaya / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T10:56:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira_GiovannaPisanelliRodriguesde_D.pdf: 765185 bytes, checksum: 9235741dc430626ebbcdfbedd46a07ad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Abstract: Carotenoids are among the phytochemicals of greater interest in terms of human health benefits. Brazil has the largest database on carotenoid concentrations, but studies on bioavailability are lacking. Chapter 1 is a review of the literature describing the mechanism of digestion, transport and absorption of carotenoids, the factors that can affect bioavailability and the in vivo and in vitro methods used for determining bioavailability. In vitro methods have been developed to determine bioaccessibility of carotenoids rapidly and inexpensively, but comparative evaluation of the different methods has not been carried out. Chapter 2 presents a comparison of the results obtained by a methodology for the determination of bioaccessibility in vitro and with modifications suggested to simulate human physiology better. The bioaccessibility of the carotenoids of carrot, tomato, and raw and cooked New Zealand spinach was, in general, significantly greater when the method of Reboul et al. (2006) was used. The oral phase proposed to integrate the digestion in vitro before the gastric phase did not alter the bioaccessibility of the carotenoids of the samples studied, but the addition of lipase and carboxyl ester lipase increased the bioaccessibility. The homogeneization time also affects significantly the percent micelarization of the carotenoids. Chapter 3 presents the bioaccessibility of commercial and native leafy vegetables, aside from the evaluation of the effect of cooking on bioaccessibility. Among the raw samples analyzed, New Zealand spinach had the highest bioaccessibility for ß-carotene (14%) and lutein (46%), correlating with its low fiber content (2.1 g/100g). The native leaf ¿caruru¿, richer in fiber (4.5 g/100g) had the lowest bioaccessibility for ß-caroteno (2.3%) and for lutein (6.9%). Cooking increased the bioaccessibility for ß-carotene (3.3 to 16% and 14 to 15%, respectively) and lutein (18 to 38% and 46 to 59%, respectively) in kale and New Zealand spinach. The bioaccessibility of carotenoids in fruits and their processed derivatives was studied in Chapter 4. Among the raw fruits, the papaya 'Solo¿ had the highest bioaccessibility for ß-carotene (36%) and ß-cryptoxanthin (39%) and pitanga had the lowest bioaccessibility for these carotenoids (6.3% e 10%, respectively). The percent micelarization of carotenoids was higher in the processed products. In mango, the bioaccessibility for ß-carotene increased from 19% in the raw fruit to 57% in the juice, and in guava , the bioaccessibility of lycopene increased from 1.4% to 27% in ¿goiabada¿. Chapter 5 deals with the bioaccessibility of the Amazonian fruits ¿buriti¿, ¿tucuma¿ and pupunha (raw and cooked). Aside from being excellent sources of provitamin A carotenoids (150, 142, 48 µg/g of ß-carotene for ¿tucuma¿, ¿buriti¿ and ¿pupunha¿, respectively), all three fruits presented greater bioaccessibility of ß-carotene than those of the fruits analyzed in the previous chapter, the cooked¿pupunha¿ having the highest percentage (40%). Chapter 6 provides inforrmation about the bioaccessibility of pitanga pulp and pitanga microencapsulated with different wall materials to protect the carotenoids from oxidative degradation. Lycopene had low bioaccessibility (1%) in all samples analyzed. Lutein was the most bioaccessible carotenoid in all samples (6 a 21%). Micelarization with maltodextrin substantially decreased the bioaccessibilitiy of all the carotenoids, while there was practically no loss of bioaccessibility with gum Arabic. The modified starch had an intermediate effect / Doutorado / Doutor em Ciência de Alimentos

Orientador: Roberto Hermínio Moretti / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T20:38:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira_SilvanaBelem_M.pdf: 957114 bytes, checksum: e00ba608f56d8c72b48fb72550e50759 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: O presente trabalho teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento de uma tecnologia mais simples para concentração de produtos viscosos e obtenção de polpa concentrada de manga com maior retenção das características sensoriais e nutricionais e boa aceitação do produto por parte dos consumidores. A polpa integral de manga sofreu tratamento enzimático e centrifugação variando-se o número de gravidades e o tempo na centrífuga. Foram separadas duas frações, a polpa precipitada e o suco clarificado de manga. A melhor condição para separação das frações da polpa de manga integral escolhida foi tempo de centrifugação de 15 minutos, número de gravidades 5000G e concentração de pectinase de 16ppm, para obtenção de um rendimento ao redor de 75% de suco clarificado. O suco clarificado foi concentrado por 2,5h quando atingiu 60°Brix. Após isto, o mesmo foi reconstituído com proporções diferentes de polpa precipitada (1= 30%, 2= 67% e 3= 0% de polpa precipitada adicionada), sendo a formulação que obedeceu às frações originais das partes separadas (67% de polpa precipitada) obteve menor brix (29,8°Brix) e diferença total de cor e melhores resultados para teor de carotenóides e fibras. Foram elaborados néctares a partir dos concentrados obtidos e submetidos a análise sensorial. A formulação B (maior teor de polpa precipitada) apresentou os melhores resultados para todos os atributos / Abstract: This study aimed to develop a simpler technology for concentration of viscous products and obtaining concentrated mango pulp with better retention of nutritional and sensory characteristics and good product acceptance by consumers. The whole pulp mango enzyme treatment and centrifugation suffered varying the number of severity and duration of the centrifuge. Two fractions were separated, the pulp and precipitated clarified juice of mango. The best condition for separation of fractions of mango pulp was chosen integral centrifugation time of 15 minutes, number and severity 5000G pectinase concentration of 16ppm, to obtain a yield around 75% of clear juice. The clarified juice was concentrated by 2.5 h when it reached 60 ° Brix. After that, it was reconstituted with different ratios of precipitated pulp (a = 30%, 67% and 2 = 3 = 0% pulp precipitated added), and the formulation that followed the original fractions of the separate parts (67% pulp precipitated) had lower Brix (29.8 ° Brix) and total color difference and better results for carotenoids and fiber. Nectars were prepared from the concentrates obtained and subjected to sensory analysis. Formulation B (higher pulp content hasty) showed the best results for all attributes / Mestrado / Engenharia de Alimentos / Mestre em Tecnologia de Alimentos

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:53:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:58:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Neste trabalho foram estudados os efeitos da radiação ionizante (gama) em mangas para exportação, simulando a etapa de acondicionamento da fruta durante o seu transporte, através da refrigeração em câmara fria. Em uma primeira etapa foram analisadas perda de peso, pH, acidez titulável, teor de sólidos solúveis, textura e decomposição. Posteriormente, realizaram-se análises sensoriais (alterações de cor, odor, sabor, textura). Os ensaios foram realizados em dois estádios de maturação das frutas, ou seja, 2 e 3, com o propósito de se estudar o melhor ponto de colheita para a melhor dosagem de irradiação. Os resultados revelam que o tratamento da manga Tommy Atkins na dose de 0,75 kGy foi significativo, juntamente com a fruta no estádio 2, para o retardo do amadurecimento e consequente ganho de tempo para a exportação. / Dissertação (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP / FAPESP:05/52055-7

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:49:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:03:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 10190.pdf: 8026659 bytes, checksum: a56ea24c48876e3cb2903f4a35974cf3 (MD5) / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:35:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:03:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Observações feitas pelo próprio autor sugerem potencial ação do Líquido da Castanha de Caju (LCC) na pigmentação da pele, ação esta semelhante a da hidroquinona. O LCC é um líquido contido na casca da castanha de caju, possui característica de resina líquida, bastante viscosa e de odor forte, sua coloração varia de marrom claro, escuro a preto, dependendo do método de extração utilizado, podendo ser denominado de Natural ou Técnico. Este estudo propôs cultivar melanócitos e queratinócitos em cocultura e posteriormente tratálos com LCC. A L-DOPA, agente estimulador da melanogênese, via da produção de melanina, responsável pela pigmentação da pele, foi utilizada na cocultura para avaliar a ação do LCC. A hidroquinona, conhecido inibidor desta via, foi utilizada na cocultura como controle positivo para o LCC, visto que este poderia apresentar ação semelhante a da hidroquinona. Para a utilização do LCC na cocultura, testes de solubilidade do mesmo para posterior dispersão no meio de cultura, foram necessários, bem como a identificação de seu potencial cito e fototóxico in vitro. Para a realização do teste de fototoxicidade foi construída uma câmara específica, atendendo as normas exigidas pelos guias ©ECVAM DB-ALM: INVITTOX protocol e OECD TG-432, sendo esta qualificada por método validado. Os testes realizados com o LCC (natural e técnico) indicaram potencial ação destes na pigmentação da pele, estimulando a proliferação de melanócitos em cocultura. Este perfil apresentado, pelos extratos de LCC, é contrário ao da hidroquinona, e ao esperado inicialmente, sendo necessário aprofundar estes estudos. No entanto, estes resultados são promissores, sugerindo a descoberta de um novo tratamento para hipocromias. / Dissertação (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:26:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:09:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Pretende-se com este trabalho estudar o tratamento hidrotérmico e a irradiação como método combinado de conservação e de desinfestação de frutas, otimizando o impacto destes nas características desejadas do produto final. Para isso foram utilizados banhos térmicos com diferentes tempos e temperaturas (46o C, 70 min e 52 oC, 5 min), e diferentes doses de radiação gama (doses 0,3 e 0,75 kGy) em mangas Tommy Atkins procedentes da região de Petrolina. As mangas tratadas pelo método combinado foram armazenadas em temperaturas idênticas à do processo de transporte e estocagem comercial (11º C por 14 dias e temperatura ambiente 25º C por 12 dias), simulando as condições reais a que são submetidas ao serem exportadas. As frutas foram avaliadas através de análises físico-químicas para serem determinados os parâmetros mais adequados de tratamento. Conforme previsto por Oliveira (1998) o método combinado de irradiação e tratamento hidrotérmico apresentou resultados superiores aos métodos individuais no aumento da vida de prateleira. / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP / FAPESP:06/53051-8