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Communities across the United States have almost universal access to electricity services. However, there remains a large problem with fuel poverty, where households pay a significant and disproportionate amount of their gross income on energy bills. This is often a factor in those households’ continued poverty. Fuel poverty is especially prevalent in the unincorporated and often overlooked colonias communities in South Texas, near the border with Mexico, which are characterized by a high level of poverty, a large unbanked population that don’t have or are unapproved to have bank accounts, proportionally high energy costs, and substandard housing. There are government programs and charities that assist with bills, but the cycle of fuel poverty will continue without solutions that address the source of the disproportionately high bills: energy inefficiency. Public-private partnerships are needed to sustainably finance energy efficiency improvements and to break the cycle of poverty. One potential solution is the application of microfinance concepts geared solely at home efficiency improvements, where households can build credit while alleviating their home energy bill burden. / text

Over the last twenty-five years, fuel poverty in England has successfully transitioned from niche academic interest to mandated concern of the state. More recently still, government have opted to charge energy suppliers with primary delivery responsibility for fuel poverty programmes. The original contribution to knowledge made by this thesis is in offering a novel comparative analysis of the potential for the state and energy suppliers to effectively support fuel poor households. This research offers one of the first academic assessments of the new suite of policies championed by the coalition government formed in 2010. It is also amongst the first pieces of work to apply and critically assess the new official metric for fuel poverty, the Low Income, High Costs definition. By assessing delivery choices against the tenets of neoliberalism identified as guiding recent UK governments, the work further takes into account the motivations of policymakers. A diverse methodological approach is applied, incorporating policy evaluation, quantitative analysis, synthesis of existing literature, and professional engagement. This research establishes that in passing the Warm Homes and Energy Conservation Act 2000, politicians did not appreciate the demands of the commitment to eradicate fuel poverty by 2016. Subsequently, supplier obligations initially intended as a means of mitigating climate change have become the primary policy tool for tackling fuel poverty. The evidence presented here suggests, however, that suppliers are inherently poorly suited to this task for a variety of reasons: their access to the data required to successfully identify fuel poor households is limited; they fund activity in a manner that is unavoidably regressive; and the extent to which they are able to deliver programmes more efficiently than the state is, particularly for economic interventions, subject to question. It is consequently argued that, whilst supplier obligations are likely to appeal to an austerity-driven, neoliberal government as an expedient means of keeping expenditure away from the public purse and of limiting the role of the state, this work demonstrates that increased government involvement and greater political ambition will be required if fuel poverty policies are to be successful.

La thématique de la précarité énergétique suscite un intérêt grandissant de la sphère économique, politique et sociale. Cette thèse en sciences économiques porte sur la représentation et l’analyse des interactions de trois postes fondamentaux dans les dépenses contraintes des ménages à savoir la santé, le logement, et l’énergie afin de faire apparaître des leviers pertinents pour la mise en place d’action de lutte contre la précarité énergétique. Celle-ci propose une analyse théorique et analytique originale, en abordant d’une part ce phénomène en termes d’équité permettant de mettre en exergue l’existence d’inégalités, justifiant ainsi la mise en place de mesures complémentaires, voire nouvelles, en faveur d’une plus grande équité entre individus concernant le bien énergie. D’autre part, la caractérisation de la dynamique de ce phénomène dispense de précieuses informations sur le type de mesures (i.e., aides au paiement de factures, modes de paiement de facture innovants, aides à la rénovation du logement) pouvant être mises en place pour contrecarrer ce phénomène, et ainsi participer à la poursuite des objectifs d’équité sous-jacents. Ensuite, l’analyse des conséquences de la précarité énergétique sur d’autres dimensions que celles faisant référence à l’énergie (i.e., santé) permet d’interpeller les décideurs politiques sur son aspect multidimensionnel et poreux avec d’autres dimensions de la précarité sociale. Ce phénomène est être un vecteur concourant à l’aggravation d’autres inégalités (i.e., inégalités de santé), pouvant ainsi compromettre la poursuite de l’objectif d’équité des décideurs publics. Enfin, l’étude de nouveaux moyens de paiement innovants du bien énergie (i.e., prépaiement), à moindres coûts, permet d’identifier le prépaiement comme un outil pouvant contribuer à l’atteinte des objectifs respectivement d’équité horizontale et verticale. / The topic of fuel poverty has generated an increasing interest in the economic, political and social spheres. This economics thesis examines the measurement and analysis of the interactions between three fundamental indicators of forced household expenses in terms of health, housing, and energy to identify the relevant factors needed for the implementation of actions that address and prevent fuel poverty. This paper presents an original theoretical and analytical study that investigates this phenomenon first in terms of equity, highlighting the existence of disparities and justifying the implementation of additional potentially new measures that promote greater equity in the allocation of energy among individuals. Furthermore, the study characterizes the dynamics of this phenomenon, providing invaluable information on the types of measures (e.g., social tariffs for energy, innovative models of payment for energy, housing renovation assistance) that could be implemented to prevent fuel poverty and thus address the underlying objectives of equity. The thesis then presents an analysis of the consequences of energy vulnerability on dimensions other than those directly referring to energy (i.e., health), raising political decision-makers’ awareness of the multidimensional and broad effects of fuel poverty on other dimensions of social vulnerability. Fuel poverty is a factor that contributes to the worsening of other disparities (i.e., health disparities), compromising public decision-makers’ pursuit of the objective of equity. Finally, the analysis of new innovative methods of payment that provide energy (i.e., prepayment) with fewer costs indicated that prepayment is a tool that could contribute to the respective goals of horizontal and vertical equity.

Affordability of energy in the domestic sector is the product of three interrelated factors - level of household income, level of energy bills (which are a product of prices and levels of energy demand, mediated by tariffs and the retail market), and the amount of energy that a household needs to maintain a healthy living environment. This thesis focusses on the factors of affordability which are most relevant to the energy policy which are energy bills and energy efficiency, both of which are considered in the context of household income. Affordability of energy in Great Britain is important for separate, but over-lapping reasons. Firstly, it has important political impacts - as energy prices continue to rise, energy is repeatedly highlighted as one of the biggest financial concerns for households (uSwitch, 2013; YouGov, 2015; DECC, 2014f), leading affordability of energy to become an increasingly political issue (Lockwood, 2016). Secondly, affordability of energy has social implications which stem from the fact that the impact of rising energy bills is felt particularly strongly by those on low incomes and in inefficient homes – the fuel poor. In spite of it being twenty-five years since Brenda Boardman published her first book defining the issue of fuel poverty (Boardman, 1991), millions of households in Great Britain today still cannot afford adequate amounts of energy. This is significant because being able to afford access to basic levels of energy services such as warmth and light is essential for maintaining physical and mental health (Harrington et al., 2005; Stockton and Campbell, 2011). Thirdly, affordability has important implications for design of the energy system –a system focussed on minimising long-term costs, both through micro-scale features such as efficient network revenue regulation which keep costs down on a year-by-year basis, and macro-scale aspects such as through the development of a low-demand, highly flexible energy system which has the potential to bring costs down in the long term (Sanders et al., 2016), is likely to differ from one which in which affordability is less of a focus, or only a focus over the short term. This thesis responds to a gap in the literature in relation to the role that governance plays in affecting levels of affordability of energy for domestic consumers in Great Britain. It examines the impact of governance on energy prices and tariffs, and the impact of governance on energy efficiency of the housing stock in Great Britain. Both of these are examined in the context of levels of household income. Greater insight is gained by examining the impact of the energy governance structure in Denmark on Danish domestic energy efficiency standards, which are widely accepted to be very good (IEA, 2011). 7 This thesis makes use of existing academic and policy literature in tandem with data from fifty-six interviews with individuals from across the energy sectors in Great Britain and Denmark. The governance structure of energy in Great Britain is shown to be, on balance, not supportive of delivering affordable energy to domestic consumers. A number of specific issues within the current governance structure in Great Britain are identified. These include the presence of a limiting narrative, whereby policymakers consider affordability to be achieved principally through delivery of low prices; insufficient institutional capacity within OFGEM to keep network prices low, and monitor suppliers’ costs and profits; lack of wholesale market transparency; an anti-interventionist ideology leading to weak energy efficiency requirements for new-build and private rental properties; suppliers as poor executors of energy efficiency policy; weak demand-side interests; tariffs designed around the needs of suppliers, not consumers; an over-reliance on an uncompetitive retail market; a lack of institutional capacity amongst policy makers regarding energy efficiency, and network regulation; and weak consumer representation. A number of recommendations are put forward, including the fostering of a new narrative centred on energy efficiency; the redesign of tariffs to better protect the interests of consumers; the reallocation of responsibility for energy efficiency to local authorities; the development of greater institutional capacity among policymakers; the support for a more interventionist ideology supporting use of regulation; financial support for energy efficiency retrofit; the fostering of greater policy stability; development of new tariff structures; and the formation of a new consumer representative. Overall this thesis demonstrates that affordability of energy in unlikely to be delivered to domestic consumers in Great Britain unless significant changes are made to the governance structure of the energy sector.

EDF, comme tant d’autres monopoles publics en France, a vu son statut évoluer ces dernières années. Dans le même temps que de nouvelles problématiques sociales apparaissent pour les entreprises, l’électricien se trouve de plus en plus face à des factures impayées. Les valeurs de l’entreprise, historiquement portées sur le social, sont réinterrogées en ces temps de crise où les individus semblent faire face à de plus en plus de risques au quotidien. Dans ce contexte, il apparait intéressant de réfléchir à la notion de réputation et comment elle se construit localement à l’aune des interactions sociales entre l’entreprise et sa clientèle. Entre le «dire» et le «faire», l’identité et l’éthique, les valeurs et les actes d’EDF sont sans cesse jugés. La réputation d’EDF, en tant qu’entreprise toujours solidaire aux yeux des clients, est au centre d’enjeux. Le positionnement et la nature des «Intermédiaires», acteurs à la croisée des chemins ont un rôle majeur pour reconfigurer la réputation d’EDF en tant qu’entreprise qui reste sociale sur les territoires. De par leur ancrage dans le réel, ils régulent et harmonisent par leurs actions la relation qu’entretiennent les clients avec leur distributeur d’énergie. Ce rôle des Intermédiaires reste prégnant malgré l’évolution de la notion de territoire. En effet, ils trouvent aujourd’hui de nouvelles arènes numériques, comme les réseaux sociaux qui ouvrent davantage le marché des réputations, pour mettre à profit leur capital symbolique tout aussi déterminant pour la réputation d’EDF qu’unique. Par l’analyse et la confrontation de cinq cas, nous poserons la question suivante : dans leur contexte respectif, dans quelle mesure les actions des Intermédiaires locaux conduisent-elles la politique de solidarité d’une entreprise à être portée par une réputation sociale harmonieuse et positive aux yeux des clients, et inversement, dans quelle mesure le travail des Intermédiaires locaux est-il influencé par la réputation de la politique de solidarité d’une entreprise ? Dans une approche actionnaliste, notre interprétation sociologique se positionnera autour de l’hypothèse centrale que la réputation se diffuse entre les sphères locales et la sphère plus globale en une étroite corrélation avec les actions et les attitudes des Intermédiaires. / EDF, like many other public monopolies in France, has seen its status change in recentyears. At the same time companies are meeting new social problems, the EDF electrician is increasingly facing unpaid bills. The values of the company EDF, historically focused on social aspects, are questioned at this time of crisis while people may face more and more risks in their daily lives. In this context, we think it is worthwhile studying the notion of reputation and analyzing how it is built locally in terms of social interaction between the company and its customers. Between "saying" and "doing", identity and ethics, EDF values and actions are constantly being judged. The reputation of EDF as, a solidarity-based company, is at stake.The positioning and the nature of the “Intermediaries” have a major role to play in reconfiguration EDF reputation, still as a “social” company in the local territories. Because Intermediaries are anchored with the reality, their actions make the relationship between the customers and the energy distributor more balanced and harmonious. The role of Intermediaries remains significant despite the evolution of the concept of territory. Indeed, they now have access to new digital arenas – such as social networks that enlarge the reputations market – where they can benefit from their symbolic capital which is as crucial as unique for EDF reputation.This study analyse and compare five case studies to address two interrelated research questions: Within their respective contexts, to what extent do the actions of local Intermediaries have an impact on the perception of the customers and therefore on the harmonious and positive social reputation of EDF? And conversely, to what extend are theactions of the local Intermediaries influenced by the reputation of solidarity policy of the company? In an actionalist approach, our sociological interpretation will be positioned around the central assumption that reputation spreads between local areas and the broader sphere in aclose correlation with the actions and attitudes of Intermediaries.

This thesis, motivated by the paucity of previous research in this subject area, describes an attempt to better understand the extent of poverty in rural Scotland and how the factors associated with that poverty may differ in the rest of the country. By identifying factors showing association uniquely with rural as opposed to urban poverty so policy decisions on targeted rural poverty alleviation could be made. Few such factors appear to have been tested formally for their association with poverty in rural Scotland. Using data from British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) datasets I create an income-based measure to compare levels of poverty across the rurality domain for the general population and several sub-populations. I also test the levels of association that factors found in the literature exhibit with households being in poverty, entering poverty and exiting poverty in both rural and non-rural Scotland. In so doing I highlight some of the data limitations within BHPS, particularly in the number of households in the remote and rural categories of the Scottish Government rural classification system. Under the current Scottish Government rural classification system it is evident that poverty in rural Scotland is lower than in the rest of the country. However, in-work poverty and fuel poverty are significantly higher in rural Scotland, where fluctuations in household fuel prices also appear to have a much quicker impact on poverty levels and levels of workless households than in the rest of the country. This thesis identifies evidence that the current definition of rural Scotland excludes parts of Scotland typically described as rural, with the result that the high levels of poverty in these areas goes unreported in most rural poverty analysis. Areas for further research are suggested, as is an alternative regional typology that may better reflect differences in poverty related factors across Scotland.

Most of the housing stock in European cities needs to be updated to fulfill current requirements. Although energy and climate have been prioritized in European policies, other sustainable development challenges are sometimes disregarded. Retrofitting plays a part in addressing social concerns such as unemployment and poverty. Therefore, these issues also need to be tackled during the decision-making process.Decision makers need assessment methods to help them to comprehensively address complex processes such as retrofitting on a territorial scale. Several tools are available to address certain aspects of building sustainability, but these often disregard social inclusion aspects. The life cycle sustainability assessment (LCSA) methodology seems to be an appropriate framework, but it needs further adaptation and development for the intended application; that is, to guide policy-making related to housing retrofitting in a given territory towards a more sustainable model of development.This PhD thesis develops an assessment tool in the framework of LCSA. The proposal combines environmental assessment methods with a set of specifically developed socioeconomic models. The socioeconomic models address social and socioeconomic concerns, which are relevant in housing retrofitting processes, for which a cause-effect relationship can be established. The so-called characterization models result from the identification, combination and adaptation of available methods developed within various research fields. These methods analyze damages to the health of workers involved in the life cycle and to the health of the household living in the retrofitted dwelling. Impacts on human well-being and dignity are addressed through prosperity, in terms of fair employment, alleviation of fuel poverty of households, and contribution to economic growth.Two retrofits are analyzed and compared in multiple scenarios of household and housing conditions. The impacts of the retrofitting on sustainable development are calculated considering their remaining life period and taking into account the reference situation where retrofitting would not be undertaken. Some of the results are unexpected, whereas others were more predictable, and the tool helps to properly quantifying them. However, the tool does not provide a unique solution: the “best-performing” scenarios regarding natural environment are the “less-performing” scenarios regarding health and well-being, and vice versa. Decisions therefore need to be adjusted and aim for a combination of job creation, meeting environmental targets, overcoming poverty thresholds and using available public resources. This LCSA proposal helps to adapt measures which promote retrofitting to housing typologies, household type and dwelling conditions. This tool also serves to identify scenarios to prioritize and quantify the potential improvements in the retrofitting process. / En Europe, la plupart du parc bâti de logements doit être rénové en accord avec les besoins actuels. Dans les politiques européennes, la priorité est donnée à l’énergie et au climat et d’autres défis liés au développement durable semblent être négligés. La rénovation parait pouvoir atténuer des problèmes sociaux tels que le taux de chômage, la pauvreté ou l’exclusion sociale et doit donc aussi être considérées.Les décideurs publics ont besoin de méthodes d’analyse qui leur permettent d’aborder des processus complexes comme la rénovation de logements au niveau du territoire. Il y plusieurs outils à disposition pour analyser certains aspects de la durabilité des bâtiments mais, souvent, ces outils ne prennent pas en compte des aspects d’inclusion sociale. La méthodologie d’analyse de la durabilité du cycle de vie (LCSA en anglais) s’avère un cadre approprié pour aborder cette problématique mais il est encore nécessaire de la développer et de l’adapter pour l’appliquer à l’objet de cette étude ,c’est-à-dire, guider la prise de décisions publiques, en relation avec la rénovation de bâtiments à l’échelle du territoire, vers un développement plus durable.Cette recherche développe « sur mesure » un outil d’analyse dans le cadre du LCSA. La méthodologie proposée combine des méthodes d’analyse environnementale avec un ensemble de modèles socioéconomiques, dits modèles de caractérisation. Ces derniers, spécifiquement développés, ciblent des préoccupations sociales et socioéconomiques qui concernent le processus de rénovation du logement et dont la relation cause-effet peut être établie. Ils résultent de l’identification, la combinaison et l’adaptation de méthodes existantes développées dans différents domaines. Ces méthodes analysent les impacts sur la santé des travailleurs impliqués dans tout le cycle de vie et sur la santé du ménage qui habite le logement. Les impacts sur le bien-être et la dignité humaine sont analysés au moyen de la prospérité, en termes de travail juste, de la lutte contre la précarité énergétique et de la contribution au développement économique.Les effets produits par deux rénovations à Bruxelles sont analysés et comparés dans plusieurs scénarios, pour la période de vie qui reste au logement. Quelques résultats s’écartent de ceux attendus ;d’autres pouvaient être pressentis mais cet outil permet de les quantifier de manière appropriée. Cependant, l’outil ne dégage pas de solution unique :dans certains cas, les bénéfices en termes de bien-être sont moindres pour les scénarios où la rénovation produit les meilleurs résultats environnementaux, et vice versa. Les décisions résultent de l’ajustement et la combinaison entre les objectifs en termes d’environnement, de création d’emploi, seuils de seuil de pauvreté et les ressources publiques disponibles. Cet outil aide à l’adaptation des politiques et mesures d’encouragement aux typologies de bâti, aux types de ménages et aux conditions du logement. Il permet l’identification de scénarios à rendre prioritaire, ainsi que de quantifier les effets d’éventuelles améliorations à apporter au processus de rénovation urbaine. / Doctorat en Art de bâtir et urbanisme (Polytechnique) / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Cette thèse explore deux questions autour de la précarité énergétique en France. Quel(s) indicateur(s) adopter pour quantifier la précarité énergétique et capturer ses multiples dimensions? Dans quelle mesure la fiscalité écologique pourrait-elle amplifier le phénomène ou, au contraire, constituer une opportunité de le combattre?Un premier chapitre introduit les enjeux sociaux et économiques de la précarité énergétique en France, ainsi que les défis que ce phénomène soulève pour les acteurs publics dans le cadre de la transition écologique (chapitre 1). Puis la thèse s'organise en deux grandes parties. La première partie concerne la quantification de la précarité énergétique. Je commence par rappeler les débats actuels autour de la mesure de la précarité énergétique et par souligner les limites des approches existantes (chapitre 2). Puis, j’explore la dimension transport du phénomène et propose un indice composite qui cible les différents facteurs qui contraignent la mobilité des ménages et leurs possibilités d’adaptation. Cet indice identifie trois niveaux d’exposition à une hausse des prix des carburants : précarité, vulnérabilité et dépendance (chapitre 3). Je poursuis ensuite la réflexion sur la construction d’un indice multidimensionnel de précarité énergétique et je cherche à mettre à jour ses implications politiques. Deux indices sont élaborés : un pour le logement et un pour le transport. Je montre comment ces nouveaux indices, parce qu’ils s’intéressent au cumul des facteurs qui désavantagent les ménages en matière d’énergie, permettent de limiter les erreurs d’inclusion et d’exclusion reprochées aux approches classiques. Une application dans le contexte français apporte de nouvelles perspectives sur le ciblage des réponses politiques et souligne la nécessité de remédier aux dimensions non monétaires de la précarité énergétique (chapitre 4).La seconde partie concerne les impacts distributifs de la fiscalité carbone. A partir d'une revue de la littérature, je précise les enjeux méthodologiques et les choix de modélisation pour rendre compte de manière satisfaisante de la distribution des impacts (chapitre 5). Je développe ensuite un modèle de microsimulation spécialement conçu pour évaluer l’impact sur les ménages de la taxe carbone française. Ce modèle simule, pour un échantillon représentatif de la population française, les taxes prélevées sur leur consommation d’énergie dans le logement et le transport. Je l’utilise pour quantifier l’impact de la taxe carbone sur les inégalités et la précarité énergétique. Enfin, j’explore ensuite différents scénarios de redistribution aux ménages avec pour objectif de corriger les iniquités engendrées - en particulier compenser la régressivité de la taxe carbone et combattre la précarité énergétique. J’évalue le coût de ces mesures au regard des recettes de la taxe carbone (chapitre 6). / This thesis explores two questions about fuel poverty in France: What indicator(s) should be adopted to quantify fuel poverty and capture its multiple dimensions? To what extent does ecological taxation amplify the phenomenon or, on the contrary, provides an opportunity to fight it?A first chapter introduces the social and economic issues of fuel poverty in France, as well as the challenges this phenomenon raises for public actors in the context of an ecological transition (chapter 1). Then the thesis is divided into two main parts.The first part deals with the measurement of fuel poverty. I start by highlighting the current debates on the measurement of fuel poverty and the limitations of existing approaches (chapter 2). Next, I explore the transport dimension of fuel poverty and I propose a composite index of the various factors that constrain household mobility and their possibilities to adapt to higher fuel prices. This index identifies three levels of exposure to rising fuel prices: precariousness, vulnerability and dependence (chapter 3). I then continue studying the design of a multidimensional index of energy poverty and I seek to uncover its political implications. Two indices are developed: one for housing and one for transport. I show how these new indices, through addressing the cumulative factors that disadvantage households in terms of energy, can help limit the inclusion and exclusion errorsfrom which conventional approaches suffer. Quantification in the French context brings new insights on the targeting of policy responses and emphasizes the need to address the non-monetary dimensions of fuel poverty (chapter 4). The second part studies the distributive impacts of carbon taxation. Based on a review of literature, I discuss the methodological issues and the modelling choices to represent the distribution of impacts (chapter 5). I then develop a microsimulation model to assess the impact of the French carbon tax on households. This model simulates, for a representative sample of the French population, the taxes levied on their energy consumption in housing and transport. I use this model to quantify the impact of the carbon tax on inequality and fuel poverty. Finally, I explore different scenarios of redistribution of carbon tax revenues to households, with the objective to correct the found inequities - in particular, to compensate for the regressivity of the carbon tax and to reduce fuel poverty. I evaluate the cost of these measures in respect to the amount of carbon tax revenues (chapter 6).

Le phénomène de la Précarité Energétique (PE) ne cesse de gagner du terrain, il concerne 20,4% de la population françaises en 2016 contre 18,4% en 2013 (ONPE ; 2016). Ce constat oblige une attention particulière à la question de la performance énergétique des bâtiments.Malheureusement, cette performance est limitée aujourd’hui à la seule question de l’efficacité énergétique, or, il faudra prendre en compte la sobriété énergétique et le comportement des acteurs pour atteindre une vraie performance. Pour ce faire, nous avons mobilisé le parc de la copropriété qui est un parc avec une gouvernance complexe où la prise de décision commune pour voter les travaux est difficile à atteindre. Afin de répondre à ce problème complexe, une démarche délibérative établissant un dialogue entre les acteurs de la copropriété (syndic, conseil syndical, copropriétaires résidents et copropriétaires bailleurs), mais aussi avec les autres parties prenantes portant des connaissances sur la rénovation énergétique des bâtiments (architecte, thermicien, chargés d’opérations ...etc.), permettrait d’une part d’accompagner les copropriétaires à comprendre et à s’approprier les défis de la performance énergétique et d’une autre part de faire une évaluation pour comprendre comment les copropriétaires prennent des décisions sur des choix de performance énergétique dans une situation de précarité énergétique.Le défi de cette démarche est qu’à travers ce dialogue et évaluation, les copropriétés puissent faire des décisions performantes pour les travaux de rénovation même quand plusieurs de ces copropriétaires sont en situation de PE. / The phenomenon of fuel poverty continues to grow, it is affecting 20.4% of the French population in 2016 against 18.4% in 2013 (ONPE, 2016). This situation requires special attention to the issue of energy performance in buildings energy.Unfortunately, this performance, nowadays is only limited to the question of energy efficiency, it will be necessary to consider the energy saving and the behavior of the actors to achieve true performance. In order to do this, we have mobilized the park of the condominium housing which is a park with complex governance where common decision-making votes for needed tasks is difficult to achieve. To address this complex problem, a deliberative approach establishing a dialogue between co-owners (the managing office, union council, resident co-owners and lessor co-owners) but also with other stakeholders with knowledge on buildings energy renovation (Architect, heat engineer, operation manager…etc.), would enable the co-owners to understand and appropriate the challenges of energy performance and to make an assessment to understand how the co-owners take decisions on energy performance choices in a situation of fuel poverty.The challenge of this approach is that through this dialogue and evaluation, the condominiums housing can make efficient decisions for renovations even when several of its co-owners are in a fuel poverty situation.