An examination of throwing was performed in a controlled environment with the aim of identifying the control and order parameters of throwing as proposed by dynamic pattern theory. A pilot study was conducted to test the possibility that the mass of a ball, the distance thrown and the size of targets were the control parameters. Based upon the results of the pilot study, only the distance was manipulated as an independent variable in the principal study.Three-dimensional motion was recorded using three video cameras in the motion analysis laboratory and later analysed using the Peak motion analysis system (software version 5.0, 1992). Sixteen right handed adult females, aged 18 - 35 years, volunteered to participate in the principal study. Subjects were seated with their trunks secured to the back support of an adjustable chair. Ten different targets (0.6 to 6.91 m) were labelled on the floor in front of the subjects. A large area for each target was defined so that the throwing skill of subjects could be ignored as a factor in the research design. Subjects were asked to throw a 0.5 kg ball to ten different distances using their own styles which allowed them to change the pattern of throwing as the distance thrown increased.All 16 subjects selected either an overarm or an underarm throw or employed both patterns. No subject used other patterns of throwing. At the shortest distance, a greater number of subjects selected an underarm throw. As the distance thrown increased, some subjects switched to the overarm throw. At the distance of 3.36 m, there were eight subjects (50%) using each style of throwing. Alteration of the throwing pattern mainly occurred from the underarm to the overarm throw. The results suggest that the distance thrown may be one of the control parameters in the throwing movement.Furthermore, the presence of both throwing patterns for all distances ++ / thrown suggests the presence of a multiple stable state in throwing motions. Trajectories of movement become more uniform as the distance thrown increased. Variability was greatest when subjects threw to the shortest distance for both patterns. These results imply that as the distance thrown increased the stability of both throwing patterns increased. Moreover, these results also imply a phase transition within each throwing pattern, in addition to the phase shift between the pattern of throwing.No result could directly illustrate the period of the transition. This may be due to the fact that phase transition in a multistable system is the result of an external force which drives the system from one state to another. Alteration of the pattern does not occur as a result of loss of the stability of the previous state. Furthermore, the presence of both throwing patterns for all distances thrown suggests the presence of a multiple stable state in throwing motions. Trajectories of movement become more uniform as the distance thrown increased. Variability was greatest when subjects threw to the shortest distance for both patterns. These results imply that as the distance thrown increased the stability of both throwing patterns increased. Moreover, these results also imply a phase transition within each throwing pattern, in addition to the phase shift between the pattern of throwing. No result could directly illustrate the period of the transition. This may be due to the fact that phase transition in a multistable system is the result of an external force which drives the system from one state to another. Alteration of the pattern does not occur as a result of loss of the stability of the previous state. However, some of the results such as the hysteresis graph presented indirect evidence, which could imply a phase shift between throwing patterns. In addition the higher ++ / degrees of joint angle recruitment in the overarm throw suggest that the stability of the system may be better maintained in the overarm throw than in the underarm throw.Alteration of the sub-styles of throwing within the same throwing pattern seemed to occur in between the shortest and the longest distances thrown. Many of the results supported this concept, for example, data related to the relative timing, the total ROM, the releasing joint angles, the trajectories of the movement, the phase plane plots, the angle-angle plots, and relative phase. However, the presence of sub-styles in the underarm throw was not as obvious as was the case for the overarm throw.In conclusion, the changes in motor behaviour during throwing as the distance thrown increased as examined in the present study can be explained by dynamic pattern theory in some aspects. However, further investigation of the stability of the patterns and energy utilisation necessary for the execution of the underarm and overarm throw are essential to determine the most suitable order parameter and to confirm the proposed control parameter (distance thrown) identified.

No description available.

La fumée de cigarette peut endommager plusieurs organes de notre organisme, causant des maladies chroniques sévères et divers types de cancers. Elle interagit notamment avec les enzymes de métabolisme des médicaments de phase I et II, et contribue ainsi à la perturbation de la pharmacocinétique de divers médicaments chez les fumeurs. Les transporteurs membranaires sont des acteurs majeurs de l'absorption, la distribution et l'élimination de médicaments, et certains sont impliqués dans les interactions médicamenteuses. De plus, ils assurent le flux des molécules endogènes physiologiques vitales, et l'élimination de divers xénobiotiques toxiques non seulement chez les mammifères mais aussi chez les êtres unicellulaires, comme les levures. Ces transporteurs sont des cibles potentielles de la fumée de cigarette. D’où l'importance d'étudier l'interaction de la fumée de cigarette et de ses composés avec les transporteurs membranaires. Nos résultats démontrent que le condensat de fumée de cigarette (CSC) modifie l'activité fonctionnelle et/ou l'expression de plusieurs transporteurs hépatiques et rénaux in vitro dans des modèles cellulaires hépatiques et/ou non-hépatiques, notamment les OATPs (organic anion transporting polypeptide), l'OCT1 (organic cation transporter 1), la BCRP (breast cancer resistance protein) et l'OAT3 (organic anion transporter 3). Une implication remarquable du récepteur Ah (AhR) est mise en évidence dans la régulation de l'expression de certains transporteurs comme la MRP4 (multidrug resistance-associated protein), la BCRP, l'OAT2 et l'OCT1 dans des cellules HepaRG exposées au CSC. De plus, chez la levure Saccharomyces cerevisiae, le CSC inhibe l'activité d'efflux notamment des transporteurs de la rhodamine 123 et de la caféine, et induit, après trois heures, leur expression avec d'autres gènes qui sont aussi impliqués dans la résistance aux xénobiotiques comme les transporteurs de la membrane plasmique le Pdr5, le Snq2, le Pdr10, le Pdr15 et le Tpo1. Enfin, un effet inhibiteur remarquable des amines aromatiques hétérocycliques (AAH) est mis en évidence in vitro, notamment celui de Trp-P-1 et de Trp-P2 sur l'activité des transporteurs OCT1 et OCT2. De plus, les données in silico suggèrent que des descripteurs moléculaires des AAH comme l'AMW (average molecular weight), la qnmax (maximum negative charge) et le SPP (submolecular molarity parameter), sont des paramètres cruciaux de l'inhibition commune des OCT1, OCT2 et OCT3 par les AAH. Le CSC est donc un modulateur bifonctionnel, qui peut intervenir dans la régulation de l'activité et de l'expression des transporteurs membranaires hépatiques et rénaux, ainsi que ceux chez la levure. De telles interactions peuvent contribuer à l'altération de la pharmacocinétique des médicaments et des composés endogènes chez les fumeurs, d’où l'évaluation de l'exposition hépatique et rénale au CSC demeure indispensable. / Cigarette smoke can damage every part of our body, causing severe chronic diseases and various types of cancers. It also interacts with drug metabolizing enzymes of phase I and II, and thus contributes to pharmacokinetics disruption of various drugs in smokers. Membrane drug transporters are major actors involved in drugs absorption, distribution and elimination, and some are involved in drug-drug interactions. In addition, membrane drug transporters ensure the flow of vital physiological endogenous molecules, and the elimination of various toxic xenobiotics, not only in mammals but also in unicellular organisms, especially in yeasts. Therefore, this indicates the importance of studying the interaction of cigarette smoke and its contained chemicals with drug transporters. Our results demonstrate that cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) modifies the functional activity and / or expression of several hepatic and renal transporters in vitro in hepatic and / or non-hepatic cellular models, including OATPs (organic anion transporting polypeptide), OCT1 (organic cation transporter 1), BCRP (breast cancer resistance protein) and OAT3 (organic anion transporter 3). A remarkable implication of Ah receptor (AhR) was also demonstrated in MRP4 (multidrug resistance-associated protein), BCRP, OAT2 and OCT1 expression regulation in HepaRG cells exposed to CSC. In addition, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, CSC inhibits the efflux activity of at least the rhodamine 123 and caffeine transporters, and induces, after three hours, their expression and that of others involved in xenobiotic resistance such as plasma membrane transporters Pdr5, Snq2, Pdr10, Pdr15 and Tpo1. Finally, a remarkable inhibitory effect of heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAA) is demonstrated in vitro, in particular that of Trp-P-1 and Trp-P-2 on the activity of OCT1 and OCT2. In addition, in silico data suggest that molecular descriptors of HAA such as AMW (average molecular weight), qnmax (maximum negative charge) and SPP (submolecular molarity parameter), may represent crucial parameters for common inhibition of OCT1, OCT2 and OCT3 transporters by HAA. Thus, CSC acts as bifunctional modulator, which can regulate activity and expression of hepatic and renal drug transporters as well as some membrane transporters in yeasts. Such interactions may contribute to the alteration of the pharmacokinetics of drugs and endogenous compounds in smokers, hence the evaluation of hepatic and renal exposure to CSC remains essential.

A bactéria Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae é um patógeno suíno economicamente significante, que se adere às células do epitélio respiratório causando a pneumonia enzoótica suína (PES). A adesão celular e outros processos importantes para infecção dependem de proteínas de membrana, cuja maioria é transportada pela via de exportação Sec-dependente. A sinal-peptidase tipo I (SPase I) é uma protease de membrana que atua na liberação de proteínas translocadas através da via Sec-dependente. Neste contexto, a SPase I possui participação crítica na exportação de proteínas que podem atuar nas relações patógeno-hospedeiro. Este estudo tem como objetivo a caracterização funcional e imunológica da SPase I de M. hyopneumoniae (MhSPase I), a fim de demonstrar sua funcionalidade in vivo e in vitro, sua associação à complexos proteicos de membrana e também seu papel na indução de uma resposta imune. A atividade funcional da MhSPase I recombinante (rMhSPase I) in vivo foi demonstrada através de ensaios de complementação em uma linhagem de Escherichia coli SPase I mutante condicional (E. coli IT89). A rMhSPase foi capaz de complementar parcialmente a atividade da SPase I da linhagem mutante de E. coli, permitindo a sobrevivência bacteriana em condições não permissivas. Entre as proteínas preditas in silico como secretadas por M. hyopneumoniae, dois possíveis substratos da MhSPase I foram selecionados e expressos em E. coli, a fim de realizar ensaios de clivagem de peptídeo-sinal in vitro. A associação da MhSPase I à complexos proteicos de membrana foi analisada através de ensaios de interação entre a proteína recombinante purificada e extratos proteicos de M. hyopneumoniae enriquecidos com proteínas de membrana. As respostas imune inata e adaptativa induzidas pela rMhSPase em camundongos também foram avaliadas, sendo ambas caracterizadas como anti-inflamatórias. Estes resultados sugerem um potencial imunomodulador da MhSPase I, o qual pode ser importante para a proteção de M. hyopneumoniae durante o processo inflamatório induzido pela PES no trato respiratório suíno. / Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is an economically significant swine pathogen that colonizes the respiratory epithelial cells causing the porcine enzootic pneumonia (PEP). Cell adhesion and other processes important for infection depend on membrane proteins, most of which are transported by the Sec-dependent pathway. Type I signal peptidase (SPase I) is a membrane protease which acts in the release of translocated proteins through Sec-dependent pathway. In this context, SPase I is critical for protein export, which may act on pathogen-host relations. The aim of this study is the functional and immunological characterization of the M. hyopneumoniae SPase I (MhSPase I), in order to demonstrate its in vivo and in vitro functionality, its participation into membrane protein complexes and also its role in immune responses induction. The in vivo functional activity of recombinant MhSPase I (rMhSPase I) was demonstrated through complementation assays with an Escherichia coli conditional SPase I mutant (E. coli IT89). The rMhSPase I was able to partially complement SPase I activity of E. coli IT89 in non-permissive conditions, allowing the bacterial to survive. Among the proteins in silico predict as secreted by M. hyopneumoniae, two possible substrates of MhSPase I were selected and expressed in E. coli, in order to perform the in vitro signal peptide cleavage assays. The association of MhSPase I with membrane protein complexes was analyzed through interaction assays between the rMhSPase I and protein extracts of M. hyopneumoniae enriched with membrane proteins. The innate and adaptive immune responses induced in mice by rMhSPase I were also assessed, being both characterized as anti-inflammatories. These results suggest an immunomodulatory potential of MhSPase I, which may protect M. hyopneumoniae from host inflammatory process induced by PEP.

A bactéria Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae é um patógeno suíno economicamente significante, que se adere às células do epitélio respiratório causando a pneumonia enzoótica suína (PES). A adesão celular e outros processos importantes para infecção dependem de proteínas de membrana, cuja maioria é transportada pela via de exportação Sec-dependente. A sinal-peptidase tipo I (SPase I) é uma protease de membrana que atua na liberação de proteínas translocadas através da via Sec-dependente. Neste contexto, a SPase I possui participação crítica na exportação de proteínas que podem atuar nas relações patógeno-hospedeiro. Este estudo tem como objetivo a caracterização funcional e imunológica da SPase I de M. hyopneumoniae (MhSPase I), a fim de demonstrar sua funcionalidade in vivo e in vitro, sua associação à complexos proteicos de membrana e também seu papel na indução de uma resposta imune. A atividade funcional da MhSPase I recombinante (rMhSPase I) in vivo foi demonstrada através de ensaios de complementação em uma linhagem de Escherichia coli SPase I mutante condicional (E. coli IT89). A rMhSPase foi capaz de complementar parcialmente a atividade da SPase I da linhagem mutante de E. coli, permitindo a sobrevivência bacteriana em condições não permissivas. Entre as proteínas preditas in silico como secretadas por M. hyopneumoniae, dois possíveis substratos da MhSPase I foram selecionados e expressos em E. coli, a fim de realizar ensaios de clivagem de peptídeo-sinal in vitro. A associação da MhSPase I à complexos proteicos de membrana foi analisada através de ensaios de interação entre a proteína recombinante purificada e extratos proteicos de M. hyopneumoniae enriquecidos com proteínas de membrana. As respostas imune inata e adaptativa induzidas pela rMhSPase em camundongos também foram avaliadas, sendo ambas caracterizadas como anti-inflamatórias. Estes resultados sugerem um potencial imunomodulador da MhSPase I, o qual pode ser importante para a proteção de M. hyopneumoniae durante o processo inflamatório induzido pela PES no trato respiratório suíno. / Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is an economically significant swine pathogen that colonizes the respiratory epithelial cells causing the porcine enzootic pneumonia (PEP). Cell adhesion and other processes important for infection depend on membrane proteins, most of which are transported by the Sec-dependent pathway. Type I signal peptidase (SPase I) is a membrane protease which acts in the release of translocated proteins through Sec-dependent pathway. In this context, SPase I is critical for protein export, which may act on pathogen-host relations. The aim of this study is the functional and immunological characterization of the M. hyopneumoniae SPase I (MhSPase I), in order to demonstrate its in vivo and in vitro functionality, its participation into membrane protein complexes and also its role in immune responses induction. The in vivo functional activity of recombinant MhSPase I (rMhSPase I) was demonstrated through complementation assays with an Escherichia coli conditional SPase I mutant (E. coli IT89). The rMhSPase I was able to partially complement SPase I activity of E. coli IT89 in non-permissive conditions, allowing the bacterial to survive. Among the proteins in silico predict as secreted by M. hyopneumoniae, two possible substrates of MhSPase I were selected and expressed in E. coli, in order to perform the in vitro signal peptide cleavage assays. The association of MhSPase I with membrane protein complexes was analyzed through interaction assays between the rMhSPase I and protein extracts of M. hyopneumoniae enriched with membrane proteins. The innate and adaptive immune responses induced in mice by rMhSPase I were also assessed, being both characterized as anti-inflammatories. These results suggest an immunomodulatory potential of MhSPase I, which may protect M. hyopneumoniae from host inflammatory process induced by PEP.

A bactéria Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae é um patógeno suíno economicamente significante, que se adere às células do epitélio respiratório causando a pneumonia enzoótica suína (PES). A adesão celular e outros processos importantes para infecção dependem de proteínas de membrana, cuja maioria é transportada pela via de exportação Sec-dependente. A sinal-peptidase tipo I (SPase I) é uma protease de membrana que atua na liberação de proteínas translocadas através da via Sec-dependente. Neste contexto, a SPase I possui participação crítica na exportação de proteínas que podem atuar nas relações patógeno-hospedeiro. Este estudo tem como objetivo a caracterização funcional e imunológica da SPase I de M. hyopneumoniae (MhSPase I), a fim de demonstrar sua funcionalidade in vivo e in vitro, sua associação à complexos proteicos de membrana e também seu papel na indução de uma resposta imune. A atividade funcional da MhSPase I recombinante (rMhSPase I) in vivo foi demonstrada através de ensaios de complementação em uma linhagem de Escherichia coli SPase I mutante condicional (E. coli IT89). A rMhSPase foi capaz de complementar parcialmente a atividade da SPase I da linhagem mutante de E. coli, permitindo a sobrevivência bacteriana em condições não permissivas. Entre as proteínas preditas in silico como secretadas por M. hyopneumoniae, dois possíveis substratos da MhSPase I foram selecionados e expressos em E. coli, a fim de realizar ensaios de clivagem de peptídeo-sinal in vitro. A associação da MhSPase I à complexos proteicos de membrana foi analisada através de ensaios de interação entre a proteína recombinante purificada e extratos proteicos de M. hyopneumoniae enriquecidos com proteínas de membrana. As respostas imune inata e adaptativa induzidas pela rMhSPase em camundongos também foram avaliadas, sendo ambas caracterizadas como anti-inflamatórias. Estes resultados sugerem um potencial imunomodulador da MhSPase I, o qual pode ser importante para a proteção de M. hyopneumoniae durante o processo inflamatório induzido pela PES no trato respiratório suíno. / Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is an economically significant swine pathogen that colonizes the respiratory epithelial cells causing the porcine enzootic pneumonia (PEP). Cell adhesion and other processes important for infection depend on membrane proteins, most of which are transported by the Sec-dependent pathway. Type I signal peptidase (SPase I) is a membrane protease which acts in the release of translocated proteins through Sec-dependent pathway. In this context, SPase I is critical for protein export, which may act on pathogen-host relations. The aim of this study is the functional and immunological characterization of the M. hyopneumoniae SPase I (MhSPase I), in order to demonstrate its in vivo and in vitro functionality, its participation into membrane protein complexes and also its role in immune responses induction. The in vivo functional activity of recombinant MhSPase I (rMhSPase I) was demonstrated through complementation assays with an Escherichia coli conditional SPase I mutant (E. coli IT89). The rMhSPase I was able to partially complement SPase I activity of E. coli IT89 in non-permissive conditions, allowing the bacterial to survive. Among the proteins in silico predict as secreted by M. hyopneumoniae, two possible substrates of MhSPase I were selected and expressed in E. coli, in order to perform the in vitro signal peptide cleavage assays. The association of MhSPase I with membrane protein complexes was analyzed through interaction assays between the rMhSPase I and protein extracts of M. hyopneumoniae enriched with membrane proteins. The innate and adaptive immune responses induced in mice by rMhSPase I were also assessed, being both characterized as anti-inflammatories. These results suggest an immunomodulatory potential of MhSPase I, which may protect M. hyopneumoniae from host inflammatory process induced by PEP.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-06-29T19:03:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Francine Yuriko Otsuka Rocha.pdf: 2503949 bytes, checksum: b9cea1d05fae4647a2e2459b6401ecc0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-29T19:03:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Francine Yuriko Otsuka Rocha.pdf: 2503949 bytes, checksum: b9cea1d05fae4647a2e2459b6401ecc0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-09 / CAPES / The fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici is a disease of economic importance to tomato crop (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) because of the losses caused in the production. This study aimed to select bacteria belonging to the genus Bacillus which have antagonistic activity to fungi present in tomato producing areas. It was obtained 193 bacterial isolates from tomato roots and stems. We performed the complete sequencing 16S rRNA subunit of 32 bacteria from the work collection using the 27F and Amp2 primers. These bacteria were randomly selected, and 20 bacteria were obtained from healthy tomato plants. The results showed a high similarity to species of the genus Bacillus: B. thuringiensis, B. megaterium, B. cereus, B. toyonensis, B. stratosphericus and Paenibacillus barcinonensis. Evaluation of the functional characteristics of the bacterial strains showed that 72% possess proteolytic activity, 78% have cellulolytic activity, 48% are able to solubilize inorganic phosphate, 42% solubilize zinc oxide and 40.8% are able to produce indols. Antagonism tests carried out in vitro showed that some bacterial strains reduced the mycelial growth of the three races of the fungus when subjected to direct method (parallel streaks). An experiment was conducted using the genotypes Debora Plus, Santa Clara Miss Brazil, Perinha and Carolina in order to select a sensitive tomato genotype to the three fungal races. The Perinha variety was the most susceptible for races 1, 2 and 3 and presented the highest percentage of fungal colonization. Thus, this variety was used in a greenhouse experiments to evaluate the antagonistic role of the Bacillus strains against three fungal races. The antagonistic activity of bacteria was assessed 15 days after transplanting of the tomato seedlings to contaminated substrate. The results showed that the B. stratosphericus strain contributed to control at least 93.25% of the damage caused by race 1, strains from species B. megaterium and B. thuringiensis controlled 100% the damage caused by race 2 and at least 67.35% of the disease caused by the race 3 of the fungus. The results suggest that some strains have the potential to control race 1, 2 and 3 of the F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and have functional activities that may contribute to improving the growth of tomato plants. However, field studies are needed to confirm the role of these Bacillus species during the interaction with tomato plants grown in soil contaminated with the race 1, 2 and 3 of the fusarium wilt. / A murcha-de-fus?rio causada por Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici ? uma doen?a de grande import?ncia econ?mica para a cultura do tomateiro (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) devido as perdas que ocasiona na produ??o. O presente estudo teve como objetivo selecionar bact?rias pertencentes ao g?nero Bacillus que apresentam atividade antag?nica para aplica??o em ?reas produtoras de tomate infestadas pelo fungo. Foram obtidos 193 isolados de bact?rias de ra?zes e hastes de tomateiro. Foi realizado o sequenciamento completo da subunidade 16S RNAr de 32 isolados da cole??o de trabalho, utilizando os iniciadores 27F e Amp2. Essas bact?rias foram selecionadas aleatoriamente, sendo que 20 bact?rias foram obtidas de tomateiro sadio. Os resultados mostraram uma alta similaridade das estirpes com as esp?cies do g?nero Bacillus: B. thuringiensis, B. megaterium, B. cereus, B. toyonensis, B. stratosphericus, al?m da esp?cie Paenibacillus barcinonensis. Testes para avaliar as caracter?sticas funcionais das estirpes bacterianas in vitro mostraram que 72% das estirpes possuem atividade proteol?tica, 78% possuem atividade celulol?tica, 48% solubilizam fosfato inorg?nico, 42% solubilizam zinco e 40,8% s?o capazes de produzir indol. Testes de antagonismo realizados in vitro mostraram que algumas estirpes bacterianas retardaram ou reduziram o crescimento micelial das tr?s ra?as do fungo quando submetidos ao m?todo de a??o direta (estrias paralelas). Com o objetivo de selecionar um gen?tipo de tomateiro sens?vel as tr?s ra?as do fungo, foi instalado um experimento utilizando os gen?tipos D?bora Plus, Santa Clara Miss Brasil, Perinha e Carolina. A variedade Perinha foi a mais suscet?vel as ra?as 1, 2 e 3 j? que apresentou um maior percentual de coloniza??o do fungo. A atividade antag?nica das bact?rias foi avaliada 15 dias ap?s o transplantio das mudas de tomate da variedade Perinha para o substrato contaminado. Os resultados mostraram que a estirpe da esp?cie B. stratosphericus controlou cerca de 93,25% das plantas crescidas na presen?a da ra?a 1 do fungo. J? as esp?cies B. megaterium e B. thuringiensis controlaram 100% da doen?a das plantas de tomateiro cultivadas em substrato com a ra?a 2 e de 67,35% das plantas cultivadas em substrato com a ra?a 3 do fungo. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que algumas estirpes possuem potencial para controle de F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici ra?a 1, 2 e 3 e possuem atividades funcionais que podem contribuir para a melhoria do crescimento das plantas de tomateiro cultivadas em ?reas infestadas com o fungo. Entretanto, estudos em campo s?o necess?rios para confirmar o papel dessas esp?cies de Bacillus na intera??o com plantas de tomateiro cultivadas na presen?a das ra?as 1, 2 e 3 da murcha de fus?rio.

No description available.