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Transformable products (or transformers), those with two or more functional states, are increasingly utilized by our society. As the mobility and complexity of life increases, so must the adaptability of the products which we use. We need new design techniques to develop more adaptable devices, such as transformers. The purpose of this study is to propose a response to the question “When is it preferable to implement a design approach focused on developing transformable products over an approach focused on developing primary function, non transforming products?” Our response to this question comes in the form of a method. The method helps a designer or design team consider the benefits of developing a transformer at an early stage in the design process. Research includes a deductive and an inductive study which are used to identify transformation indicators or context properties and usage factors that identify when it is preferable to build a transformable device. Static function-state indicators are also presented. These are contrary to transformation indicators in that they identify contexts suitable for developing non-transforming devices. Our technique seeks to improve the outcome of a design project by encouraging the consideration of transformable solutions and aiding in the selection of an appropriate design process. This method for testing the presence of these indicators in exemplary design contexts is presented. One such application is the design of an autonomous bridge-health monitoring system. / text

В современном обществе стресс стал одной из ключевых проблем, влияющих на различные аспекты жизни людей. В связи с этим здоровьесберегающие технологии, такие как БОС (биологическая обратная связь), приобретают особую важность для предотвращения стрессовых состояний и оптимизации функционального состояния организма. Изучение эффективности БОС-процедур и их воздействия на развитие навыков саморегуляции может помочь взрослым справляться со стрессом и улучшать свое функциональное состояние. Это особенно актуально в условиях современной жизни, когда многие люди сталкиваются с высокими требованиями и нагрузками на работе и в личной жизни. В работе использован метод теоретического анализа литературы, метод развития навыков саморегуляции с биологической обратной связью, психологические опросно-диагностические методы, методы статистической и математической обработки результатов. Работа содержит две главы. Первая глава посвящена теоретическому анализу литературы по теме применение метода биологической обратной связи в регуляции состояний взрослых. Вторая глава посвящена эмпирическому исследованию особенностей развития навыков саморегуляции у взрослых. Эмпирическое исследование проводилось на базе Муниципального бюджетного учреждения Екатеринбургского Центра психолого-педагогической поддержки несовершеннолетних «Диалог». Респонденты в возрасте от 27 до 49 лет (11 человек) прошли курс БОС-тренинга, состоявший из 8 занятий на аппаратных комплексах «Аура» и «Комфорт». Перед началом БОС-тренинга они прошли онлайн-тестирование, включающее опросники структуры темперамента, способов совладающего поведения и стиля саморегуляции поведения. Перед началом первого и последнего, занятия участники проходили тесты на концепт стресса и отдыха, а также шкалу психологического стресса PSM-25. Состояние участников фиксировалось по шкале психологического стресса еженедельно. / In modern society, stress has become one of the key problems affecting various aspects of people's lives. In this regard, health-saving technologies, such as biofeedback, are of particular importance for preventing stressful conditions and optimizing the functional state of the body. Studying the effectiveness of biofeedback treatments and their impact on the development of self-regulation skills can help adults cope with stress and improve their functional status. This is especially true in modern life, when many people face high demands and stress at work and in their personal lives. The work used the method of theoretical analysis of literature, the method of developing self-regulation skills with biofeedback, psychological survey and diagnostic methods, methods of statistical and mathematical processing of results. The work contains two chapters. The first chapter is devoted to a theoretical analysis of the literature on the topic of using the biofeedback method in the regulation of adult conditions. The second chapter is devoted to an empirical study of the development of self-regulation skills in adults. The empirical study was conducted on the basis of the Municipal Budgetary Institution of the Yekaterinburg Center for Psychological and Pedagogical Support of Minors «Dialogue». Respondents aged from 27 to 49 years (11 people) completed a biofeedback training course, which consisted of 8 sessions on the «Aura» and «Comfort» hardware complexes. Before starting the biofeedback training, they passed online testing, which included questionnaires on the structure of temperament, methods of coping behavior, and style of self-regulation of behavior. Before the start of the first and last sessions, participants took tests on the concept of stress and relaxation, as well as the PSM-25 psychological stress scale. The participants' condition was recorded on a psychological stress scale weekly.

1. Unterschiedliche Definitionen der Gesundheit mit verschiedenen Betrachtungsweisen (WHO: Der Mensch eine biopsychosoziale Einheit. Schulmedizin: ohne klinischen und paraklinischen Befund mit Orientierung an kritikbedürftigen Referenzmittelwerten) führt bei Fachleuten, Behörden und Laien zu Verwirrungen, wenn es um die Beurteilung gesundheitlicher Schäden geht. 2. Es wurde die Aufgabe gestellt zu prüfen, welche der beiden Definitionen der Realität näher kommt. 3. Mittels der chronopsychobiologischen Regulationsdiagnostik, des Dreiphasenentspannungstests (Hecht und Balzer 2001), wurden unter dem Aspekt der beiden Gesundheitsdefinitionen drei Gruppen untersucht (je 40 Probanden). - klinisch Gesunde (klinisch Gesunde nach Schulmedizin ) - Gesunde nach Definition der WHO - Probanden mit nichtorganische Insomnie (ohne pathologische klinische und paraklinische Befunde) 4. Die mit den verwendeten Methoden gewonnenen Daten wiesen aus, dass zwischen den klinisch Gesunden und den Probanden mit nichtorganischer Insomnie weitgehend größere Ähnlichkeiten bestehen. Beide Gruppen zeigten aber zu der Gruppe der Gesunden nach WHO-Definition, welche die biopsychosoziale Einheit des Menschen berücksichtigt, noch hochsignifikante Unterschiede. Die Gruppe der klinisch Gesunden kann daher auf Grund unserer Ergebnisse nicht den Anspruch erheben, real gesund zu sein. 5. Mit der Bezugnahme auf die Internationale Klassifikation der Krankheiten (ICD 10F) haben die von uns untersuchten klinisch Gesunden und die nichtorganischen Insomniker eine mehr oder weniger stark ausgeprägte Symptomatik von psychischen Störungen. Dies müsste bei der Beurteilung von Schadstoff-, Lärm-, und EMF-Wirkungen auf den Menschen, wie auch bei den klinisch-pharmakoloischen Untersuchungen beachtet werden. Die in der Arbeit erzielten Ergebnisse bedürfen durch weitere Untersuchungen eine Fundierung. Sie signalisieren aber sowohl unter praktischen als auch unter theoretischen Aspekten einen dringenden Forschungsbedarf. / 1. Differing definitions of health using different criterea (WHO: The human being as a bio- psycho-social unit versus classical medicine: without clinical and paraclinical results based on suspect reference values) bring confusion to experts, authorities and laymen when assessing health damages. 2. The given task was to check which of the two definitions is closer to reality. 3. Using the chrono-psycho-biological diagnostic of regulation, the three-phase-relaxation test (Hecht and Balzer 2001), three groups were examined considering the aspects of the two health definitions (40 test subjects in the study group). - clinically healthy (clinically healthy per classical medicine definition) - healthy per definition of the WHO - test persons with non organic insomnia (i.e. no pathological or paraclinical findings) 4. The data gained from the employed methods revealed bigger similarities between clinically healthy persons and those with non organic insomnia. Both groups still showed highly significant differences to the group which fulfils the definition of the WHO regarding a human as a bio-psycho-social unit. As a result of this study, persons, though classified as "clinically healthy" might nevertheless not absolutely be healthy in reality. 5. In reference to the international classification of illnesses (ICD 10 F) the groups examined, both of clinically healthy and those with non organic insomnia, have more or less severe psychological symptoms. This should be taken into account when assessing the effects of pollution, noise, and EMF as well as clinical pharmacological studies. These present findings still need broader confirmation by further investigations. However, they clearly indicate, for practical and theoretical considerations, an urgent need for further research.