This research examined popular funk music as the social and political voice of African Americans during the era of the seventies. The objective of this research was to reveal the messages found in the lyrics as they commented on the climate of the times for African Americans of that era. A content analysis method was used to study the lyrics of popular funk music. This method allowed the researcher to scrutinize the lyrics in the context of their creation. When theories on the black vernacular and its historical roles found in African-American literature and music respectively were used in tandem with content analysis, it brought to light the voice of popular funk music of the seventies. This research will be useful in terms of using popular funk music as a tool to research the history of African Americans from the seventies to the present. The research herein concludes that popular funk music lyrics espoused the sentiments of the African-American community as it utilized a culturally familiar vernacular and prose to express the evolving sociopolitical themes amid the changing conditions of the seventies era.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2003. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 268-279).

Thesis (D.M.A.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1998. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 220-225).

By the mid-1970s, Earth, Wind & Fire (EWF) became one of the most commercially successful pop music bands in the world. Their dynamic sound thrilled listeners and their elaborate concerts captivated audiences. EWF stood out from other artists with their philosophical messages and their use of ancient Egyptian symbols and imagery in their visual art. The ancient Egyptian themes intrigued fans but drew criticism from others. This study examines the ancient Egyptian themes incorporated into the lyrics of the songs recorded by the band. This study also examines the ancient Egyptian symbols used in the EWF’s visual art, including album covers, music videos, and concerts. A content analysis was conducted to study the lyrics and identify themes related to ancient Egyptian spirituality. A content analysis was also used to study the visual art and decipher what the symbols may signify. This research was based on the premise that Earth, Wind & Fire used their artistry to be a positive influence. When the lyrics and visual art were examined, the researcher found that they both contain themes of ancient wisdom and universal truths. The conclusions drawn from the findings suggest that EWF’s mission was to raise the consciousness of the world, and the way people responded is an indication that the mission was accomplished. The findings also suggest that the negative criticism EWF has received is unjustifiable.

No description available.

Orientador: Jonas de Araujo Romualdo / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T15:35:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Amorim_MarciaFonsecade_D.pdf: 2570761 bytes, checksum: 66779974e6c992536afcc756a31c54b4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: O presente trabalho tem como objetivo refletir sobre a participação feminina no funk brasileiro, principalmente em uma ramificação desse movimento que divulga músicas cujas letras apresentam um alto teor de erotismo. Para isso, utilizo como referencial teórico-analítico a proposta da Análise do Discurso de linha francesa, os estudos de Foucault sobre a sexualidade e os estudos de Bakhtin que relaciona a cultura popular da Idade Média e da Renascença à obra de François Rabelais. A inserção da obra de Bakhtin nesta tese se deve ao fato de o funk ser tratado por grande parte da sociedade como um movimento de caráter grotesco, obsceno, vulgar, que explora a sexualidade feminina de uma maneira pouco convencional. À figura feminina no funk são associados termos como cachorra, popozuda, potranca, piranha, vadia, entre outros. Essa representação simbólica em torno da funkeira a inscreve socialmente como um sujeito despudorado e ousado, que não se sente constrangido em expor sua sexualidade em público. Essas e outras características do funk (a simbologia em torno a figura masculina, a exposição de crianças a cenas de erotismo) vêm chamando a atenção de diferentes setores da sociedade (grupos religiosos, políticos, feministas) e têm sido alvo de muitos debates e reflexões de profissionais de diferentes áreas a respeito da representação da mulher na sociedade brasileira, tendo em vista a imagem construída socialmente em relação a ela e a imagem que ela tem de si mesma. No espaço discursivo do funk, a sexualidade e a sensualidade da mulher recebem um tratamento específico, bastante peculiar, inscrito no modo como ela se veste e como expõe seu corpo, na coreografia que executa em bailes e shows, nos dizeres que profere e nas posições discursivas que assume: ora ela se apresenta como dominadora da cena instaurada por meio da música e dita o que espera de seu parceiro, ora se deixa dominar por ele. Esse jogo discursivo - dominadora/dominada - induz a uma relação conflituosa e aparentemente contraditória da mulher no universo funk. / Abstract: The present work aims to reflect upon the participation of the woman in the Brazilian funk focusing on a branch of this movement which songs express a high level of eroticism. For this task, I take into account the theoretical analytic conception of Discourse Analysis of the French School, Foucault's studies of sexuality as well as Bakhtin's approach about the relationship between the Middle Ages and the Renaissance popular culture and François Rabelais' work. The inclusion of Bakhtin's thesis in this research is due to the fact that the funk in our society is conceived as a grotesque, obscene and vulgar movement which exploits woman's sexuality in an unconventional way. Slang terms as popozuda (woman having big buttocks), filly, bitch, slut, floozy and many others refer to the woman in the funk (funkeira), a kind of symbolic representation of herself as a shameless and cheeky subject who doesn't feel embarrassed at displaying her sexuality in public. These and others characteristics of the funk (the symbolism that involves men, the exposure of children to erotic scenes) have become matter of discussion by religious memberships, politicians, the women's movement and researchers interested in studying this woman representation in Brazilian society in order to understand her social image and the image she builds of herself. According to Discourse Analysis, it is possible to analyze the peculiar treatment of sexuality and sensuality of womanhood in the context of the funk - the way she dresses, the exposure of her body, the choreography that she performs in shows and dancehalls, her speeches and behavior - where she can either dominate her partner in the dancing performance or allow him to dominate her. In the field of the discourse, this play involves domineering /submissive subjects, revealing clashes and the apparently contradictory behavior of the woman in the funky universe. / Doutorado / Doutor em Linguística

Orientador: José Roberto Zan / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T08:52:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Goncalves_EloaGabriele_M.pdf: 60495318 bytes, checksum: 3a3ebc85450535991b7e825c6bfdb5ef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Este trabalho estuda a trajetória da Banda Black Rio, formada em meados dos anos de 1970, cuja produção caracteriza--?se por fusões de múltiplas musicalidades. Através da análise musical de uma amostragem do repertório gravado pela banda, verificou?se nessa produção a presença de elementos característicos de gêneros brasileiros como o samba, o choro e o baião, mesclados aos do jazz, do soul e do funk. A pesquisa revelou que procedimentos adotados pelos músicos nas composições, releituras, arranjos e instrumentação produziram resultados sonoros peculiares. Trata--?se de uma sonoridade híbrida, que, de certa forma, expressa a emergência de uma nova sensibilidade num contexto histórico brasileiro marcado pela presença de um regime político autoritário, do desenvolvimento e da integração da indústria cultural e do advento de novas identidades geracionais e étnicas / Abstract: This work studies the history of the band Black Rio, formed in the mid 1970s, whose production is characterized by a fusion of multiple musicalities. Through musical analysis of a sample of the repertoire recorded by the band, it was verified the presence of characteristic elements of Brazilian genres such as samba, choro and baião, merged with components of jazz, soul and funk. The research found that the procedures adopted by the musicians in compositions, re--?readings, arrangements and instrumentations produced a peculiar sound result. It is a hybrid sonority that, in a certain way, expresses the emergence of a new sensibility in a Brazilian historical context marked by the presence of an authoritarian political regime, by the development and integration of the cultural industry and by the advent of new generational and ethnical identities / Mestrado / Fundamentos Teoricos / Mestre em Música

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-06-13T12:27:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Nicole Barbosa de Araujo.pdf: 843996 bytes, checksum: ccaceb8f446758f45f6b1587cdb5ee4d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-13T12:27:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nicole Barbosa de Araujo.pdf: 843996 bytes, checksum: ccaceb8f446758f45f6b1587cdb5ee4d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-02 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Understanding the relation between black and poor youth from the periphery with leisure and culture, through the artistic and cultural universe of funk is the purpose of this study. In this way, the discussion regarding the constitution and current reality of the periphery will be privileged, considering the racial questions as a structuring element of Brazilian capitalism, and also the implantation of the neoliberal agenda in Brazil, a project continued by the PT governments, during the thirteen years they remained in power. From such analysis, a debate about the daily life of the youth of the periphery will be proposed, and elements that amplifies the reflection over the cultural expressions from young people, entering into the diversity of funk’s universe, ranging from the style "ostentação" and "proibidão", until the "funk consciente" and the one that sings the resistance of transsexual women. The concept of youth and the elements for a reflection over work’s educational dimension of the Social Worker next to periphery’s youth also will be discussed. The dissertation also contemplates an analysis of the realization of a Focus Group with young people at the city of Itapevi, who presented several considerations about the daily life from the young people and from the funk universe / Compreender a relação estabelecida entre a juventude negra e pobre da periferia e o lazer e a cultura, por meio do universo artístico-cultural do funk é o objetivo deste estudo. Nessa direção, serão privilegiadas a discussão referente à constituição e realidade atual da periferia, considerando a questão racial como elemento estruturante do capitalismo brasileiro, bem como a implantação da agenda neoliberal no Brasil, projeto continuado pelos governos petistas, nos treze anos em que permaneceram no poder. A partir de tais análises, será proposto o debate sobre a vida cotidiana dos jovens da periferia, e elementos que qualificam a reflexão sobre as expressões culturais juvenis, adentrando a diversidade do universo do funk, que abrange desde a vertente “ostentação” e “proibidão”, até o “funk consciente” e aquele que canta a resistência das mulheres transexuais. Também serão debatidos o conceito de juventude, bem como os elementos para a reflexão da dimensão educativa do trabalho do assistente social com jovens da periferia. A dissertação também contempla a análise da realização de um Grupo Focal com jovens no município de Itapevi, os quais apresentaram diversas ponderações acerca do cotidiano dos jovens e do universo do funk

This thesis is concerned with popular music's working of time. It takes the experience of time as crucial to the negotiation of social, political or, more simply, existential, conditions. The key example analysed is the funk style invented by legendary musician James Brown. I argue that James Brown's funk might be understood as an apprehension of a minor temporality or the musical expression of a particular form of negotiation of time by a minor culture. Precursors to this idea are found in the literature of the stream of consciousness style and, more significantly for this thesis, in the work of philosopher Gilles Deleuze on the cinema in his books Cinema 1: The Movement-Image and Cinema 2: The Time-Image. These examples are all concerned with the indeterminate unfolding of lived time and where the reality of temporal indeterminacy will take precedence over the more linear conventions of traditional narrative. Deleuze???s Cinema books account for such a shift in emphasis from the narrative depiction of movement through time the movement-image to a more direct experience of the temporal the time-image, and I will trace a similar shift in the history of popular music. For Deleuze, the change in the relation of images to time is catalysed by the intolerable events of World War II. In this thesis, the evolution of funk will be seen to reflect the existential change experienced by a generation of African-Americans in the wake of the civil-rights movement. The funk groove associated with the music of James Brown is discussed as an aesthetic strategy that responds to the existential conditions that grew out of the often perceived failure of the civil rights movement in the 1960s. Funk provided an aesthetic strategy that allowed for the constitution of a minor temporality, involving a series of temporal negotiations that eschew more hegemonic, common sense, compositions of time and space. This has implications for the understanding of much of the popular music that has followed funk. I argue that the understanding of the emergence of funk, and of the contemporary electronic dance music styles which followed, would be enhanced by taking this ontological consideration of the experiential time of minorities into account. I will argue that funk and the electronic dance musics that followed might be seen as articulations of minority expression, where the time-image style of their musical compositions reflect the post-soul eschewing of a narratively driven, common sense view of historical time.

This thesis is concerned with popular music's working of time. It takes the experience of time as crucial to the negotiation of social, political or, more simply, existential, conditions. The key example analysed is the funk style invented by legendary musician James Brown. I argue that James Brown's funk might be understood as an apprehension of a minor temporality or the musical expression of a particular form of negotiation of time by a minor culture. Precursors to this idea are found in the literature of the stream of consciousness style and, more significantly for this thesis, in the work of philosopher Gilles Deleuze on the cinema in his books Cinema 1: The Movement-Image and Cinema 2: The Time-Image. These examples are all concerned with the indeterminate unfolding of lived time and where the reality of temporal indeterminacy will take precedence over the more linear conventions of traditional narrative. Deleuze???s Cinema books account for such a shift in emphasis from the narrative depiction of movement through time the movement-image to a more direct experience of the temporal the time-image, and I will trace a similar shift in the history of popular music. For Deleuze, the change in the relation of images to time is catalysed by the intolerable events of World War II. In this thesis, the evolution of funk will be seen to reflect the existential change experienced by a generation of African-Americans in the wake of the civil-rights movement. The funk groove associated with the music of James Brown is discussed as an aesthetic strategy that responds to the existential conditions that grew out of the often perceived failure of the civil rights movement in the 1960s. Funk provided an aesthetic strategy that allowed for the constitution of a minor temporality, involving a series of temporal negotiations that eschew more hegemonic, common sense, compositions of time and space. This has implications for the understanding of much of the popular music that has followed funk. I argue that the understanding of the emergence of funk, and of the contemporary electronic dance music styles which followed, would be enhanced by taking this ontological consideration of the experiential time of minorities into account. I will argue that funk and the electronic dance musics that followed might be seen as articulations of minority expression, where the time-image style of their musical compositions reflect the post-soul eschewing of a narratively driven, common sense view of historical time.