Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul / This paper was the objective to identify some deciding factors of purchases of European and synthetic breeding bull at auctions in Rio Grande do Sul and its influence on the purchase price. Were viewed a total of 55 auctions, between television auctions and presential auctions. In total, were collected data of 4,569 Aberdeen Angus, Hereford, Brangus and Braford breeding bull, auctioned in several cities in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Data were collected in two stages: the first consisted of the collection data catalogs related to phenotypic and genotypic information at auction or websites of the auction companies, the second stage was the collection of information marketing of animals. Data were tabulated in spreadsheets software and then analyzed using a statistical software. Braford bulls had higher value than Aberdeen Angus, Brangus and Hereford breeding cattle. Bulls of two years old were more valued than animals three years old in Aberdeen Angus, Brangus and Hereford breeds, while the opposite occurred to Braford breed. The trade of bulls take effect in the spring have higher sales value compared to trades in the fall. The weight of the bull influence on the best selling price, the same does not occur with scrotal perimeter. The red fur bull has higher value than the black fur, both in Angus as Brangus. / Este trabalho teve por objetivo identificar alguns fatores decisórios no processo de compra de reprodutores das raças europeias e sintéticas em leilões no Rio Grande do Sul e sua influência no preço de venda. Foram acompanhados um total de 55 leilões, sendo alguns televisivos e outros presenciais. Ao total foram coletados dados da oferta de 4.569 reprodutores de bovinos de corte das raças Aberdeen Angus, Hereford, Brangus e Braford, leiloados em diversos municípios do Rio Grande do Sul. Os dados foram obtidos em duas etapas: a primeira constou da coleta de dados dos catálogos referentes a informações fenotípicas e genotípicas distribuídos ao início dos leilões ou através dos sitios das empresas leiloeiras. A segunda foi a coleta de informações da comercialização dos animais. Os dados foram tabulados em planilhas eletrônicas e posteriormente analisados por meio de software estatístico. Touros da raça Braford tiveram maior valor comercial do que os Aberdeen Angus, Brangus e Hereford. Touros de dois anos foram mais valorizados do que os de três anos nas raças Angus, Brangus e Hereford, mas não os Braford. As comercializações efetivadas durante a primavera têm valor de venda superior quando comparada às do outono. O peso do touro influencia no melhor preço de venda, mas não o perímetro escrotal. Os touros de pelagem vermelha têm maior valor comercial do que os de pelagem preta, tanto na raça Aberdeen Angus quanto na Brangus.

Dyer Island is thought to host one of the most abundant populations of white sharks on the planet; this is often credited to the large (55 – 60,000) Cape fur seal colony at Geyser Rock. Yet relatively little work has ever been produced from the area. This may be attributed to the harshness in its location as a study site, exposed to wind and swell from west to east which limits research periods. This study accounts for over 220 hrs of manual tracking at Dyer Island with a further 68 added from the inshore shallow areas of the bay. Sharks focused their movements and habitat use to reefs or channels that allowed access to Cape fur seals. Movement- Based Kernel Estimates (MKDE) were used to compute home range estimates for shark movements through and around the heterogeneous structures of Dyer Island and Geyser Rock. Inshore two core areas were revealed, one being the major reef system at Joubertsdam and the other at a kelp reef where the tracked shark had fed on a Cape fur seal. At Dyer Island one core area was identified in a narrow channel, ‘Shark Alley’, here a second tracked shark foraged for entire days within meters of rafting Cape fur seals. Rate of Movement (ROM) and Linearity (LI) of tracks were low during daytime and movements were focused around areas such as Shark Alley or other areas close to the seal colony before moving into deeper water or distant reefs with higher rates of ROM and LI at night. If moonlight was strong foraging would take place to the south of Geyser Rock but with higher ROM and LI than observed during the day. Foraging patterns in this study contrast studies from other sites in South Africa and home range and activity areas were comparatively much smaller than observed in Mossel Bay. It has been established that several known white sharks forage at Dyer Island and the other studied aggregation sites, such differences in foraging would suggest that they are able to adapt their foraging behaviour to suit the environment they are in; making them site specific in their foraging ecology. Both satellite and acoustic telemetry are revealing aggregation hotspots of white sharks in South Africa. It is important that such information is used to assist the recovery of the species which has been protected since 1991, yet is rarely considered in planning of coastal developments. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Zoology and Entomology / MSc / Unrestricted

The coastal, indigenous communities around Alaska have subsisted on marine animals for generations, often focusing on large apex predators such as seals, sea lions, and whales. Three species of pinnipeds (harbor seal, Steller sea lion, northern fur seal) and the northern sea otter have all undergone significant population declines since the 1970s, some regions more than others. Archived vibrissae (whiskers) and body tissues from these four species were available from the Bering Sea and throughout the Gulf of Alaska from the 1990s and early 2000s. Tissues from these species are exceedingly difficult to obtain; thus, the archived tissues provided a finite and irreplaceable resource of data. Analysis of these archived tissues indicates which species, tissues, and gender bioaccumulate metals more readily. In this study twelve heavy metals (arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, lead, manganese, mercury, nickel, selenium, vanadium, zinc) were analyzed in vibrissae from the four select species, and in body tissues from harbor seals and Steller sea lions. The samples were collected from three regions (southeastern, southcentral, and southwestern Alaska) during the 1990s through early 2000s. Significant differences of heavy metal concentrations in vibrissae were detected among elements (p2(110) = 454.81, p2(66) = 310.88, p

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Bakgrund: Många kvinnor upplever förlossningsrädsla. Föda utan rädsla är en naturlig metod som främjar trygghet och optimerar födandets fysiologi och stärker det positiva i förlossningsupplevelsen. Kvinnans stödperson har en viktig roll under förlossningsarbetet.Syfte: Syftet är att beskriva och undersöka om användandet av metoden Föda utan rädsla (FUR) påverkar den födande kvinnans upplevda vårdkvalitet samt upplevelse och känslor i samband med förlossningen jämfört med tidigare insamlat material.Metod: Mixad metod av fall-kontrollstudie med kvantitativ ansats och en kvalitativ innehållsanalys med induktiv metod. Data samlades in genom QPP-I-enkät och analyserades genom Mann Whitney U-test.Resultat: De kvinnor som upplevde god effekt av FUR upplevde bättre stöd från personal, att partnern fick bättre stöd, uppmuntrades att delta och fick sina fysiska behov tillgodosedda under förlossningen. Kvinnorna upplevde även andra faktorer som påverkade den upplevda vårdkvaliteten.Slutsats: Genom förberedelse i FUR-metoden kan det födande paret upplevaökad trygghet och självförtroende inför förlossning och förlossningsrädsla kan motverkas. FUR kan ge upplevelse av ett bättre bemötande från personal, ökat stöd och respekt. Partnern blir stärkt i sin roll, vågar ta plats och ge stöd till den födande kvinnan.Klinisk tillämpbarhet: FUR-utbildningen är kort och ger en stor vinst tillbaka till både det födande paret samt förlossningspersonalen. / Background: Many women experience fear of childbirth. Confident Birth is a natural method that promotes security and optimizes the physiology of childbirth and strengthens the positive in the birth experience. The woman's support person has an important role during the labor. Aim: The aim is to investigate whether the use of the method Confident Birth affects the woman giving birth's perceived quality of care and delivery experience compared with previously collected material. Method: Mixed method of case-control study with quantitative approach and a qualitative content analysis with inductive method. Data are collected through the QPP-I survey and analyzed by the Mann Whitney U-test. Resultats: Women who experienced good effect of Confident Birth, experienced better support from caregivers, that the partner received better support, was encouraged to participate and had their physical needs met during childbirth. The women also experienced other factors that affected the perceived quality of care. Conclusion: Through preparation in the Confident Birth method, the birthing couple can experience increased security and self-confidence before childbirth and fear of childbirth can be counteracted. Confident Birth can provide an experience of a better response from healthcare personal, increased support and respect. The partner dares to act and provide support to the woman giving birth and the partner´s role is strengthened. Clinical application: Preparation in the Confident Birth method is short and gives a big profit back to both the birth couple and the delivery staff.

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Between 1760 and 1833, English explorers systematically filled in the map of British North America. Many of those explorers worked for two fur-trading companies: the Hudson's Bay Company and the North West Company. In pursuit of new sources of fur, they opened western Canada to European comprehension. Their published accounts of geographic exploration provided the British audience with new geographical information about North America. New geographic information often paved the way for settlement. However, in the case of the Canadian West, increased geographic comprehension did not necessarily lead to settlement. By 1833, the explorers had built a base of knowledge from which the British conceptualized the Canadian wilderness. Over the course of seventy years, the British conception of western Canada remained remarkably consistent. The popular British image of western Canada, persisting into the 1830s, was of a wasteland fit only for the fur trade. The British, who had been expanding around the world for several hundred years, were not yet interested in settlement in western Canada. This thesis seeks to expand upon the link that existed between the fur trade, its employees, and their influence on the British conception of western Canada. / Master of Arts

This study assesses the organization and intensity of hide processing from sequential occupations at the Late Fort Ancient (A.D. 1400-1680) Hardin Site located in the central Ohio Valley. Historical and archaeological sources were drawn on to develop expectations for production intensification: 1) an increase in production tool quantity, 2) an increase in production debris quantity, and 3) an increase in tool utilization intensity. Many Native groups situated on the periphery of early European colonies intensified hide production to meet demand generated by an emerging global trade in hides. As this economic activity intensified in the 16th and 17th centuries it incorporated and ever greater network of native communities. By documenting production intensification at the Hardin Site, this study evaluates the degree to which global markets incorporated regions beyond the colonial periphery before A.D. 1680. This study also examines the social dimensions of economic activity by asking who processed hides, who may have benefited from the products of this labor, and whether or not either of these were influenced by participation in the tumultuous interaction sphere of the eastern North American Contact Period.