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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Efeitos de tamanho da sala no desempenho dos alunos: evidências para São Paulo / Class size effects on students achievement: evidence from São Paulo

Matavelli, Ieda Rodrigues 15 June 2018 (has links)
Em decorrência da inversão da pirâmide demográfica e a consequente queda das matrículas do ensino básico no Brasil, uma potencial medida de política pública é limitar o número de alunos por sala de aula. Nesse contexto, o objetivo principal deste estudo é avaliar o impacto de políticas que estipulem um número máximo de alunos por turma nas notas em Matemática e Português da Prova Brasil de alunos do 5º ano municipal da cidade de São Paulo e 9º estadual de todo o estado São Paulo. Para isso, empregou-se a metodologia de regressão descontínua fuzzy, utilizando o tamanho da sala predito pela função de Maimonides (Angrist e Lavy, 1999) como instrumento para o tamanho da sala observado. Os resultados mostram que não existam evidências estatisticamente significantes de que o tamanho da sala tenha impacto nas notas dos alunos. Visando trazer maior validade externa, o efeito de interesse foi estimado para o 5º e 9º ano estadual de Minas Gerais e Santa Catarina, e 5º ano estadual de São Paulo, obtendo-se a mesma conclusão. As análises de robustez performadas também concluem não haver efeito / As a result of the inversion of the demographic pyramid and the consequent drop in enrollments in basic education in Brazil, a possible public policy is to limit the number of students per classroom. In this context, the main objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of policies that stipulate a maximum number of students per class on students scores in Mathematics and Portuguese of Prova Brasil, using a sample of 5th and 9th grade students from the municipal and state school chains of São Paulo. Fuzzy regression discontinuity design was used to estimate these impacts, using predicted class size by the Maimonides rule (Angrist and Lavy, 1999) as an instrument for the actual class size. Results show that there is no statistically significant evidence that class size has an impact on student grades. Aiming to bring greater external validity, the effect of interest was estimated for the 5th and 9th grade of Minas Gerais and Santa Catarina, and 5th grade São Paulo, obtaining the same conclusion. The robustness analyzes performed also conclude that there is no effect.
2

Efeitos de tamanho da sala no desempenho dos alunos: evidências para São Paulo / Class size effects on students achievement: evidence from São Paulo

Ieda Rodrigues Matavelli 15 June 2018 (has links)
Em decorrência da inversão da pirâmide demográfica e a consequente queda das matrículas do ensino básico no Brasil, uma potencial medida de política pública é limitar o número de alunos por sala de aula. Nesse contexto, o objetivo principal deste estudo é avaliar o impacto de políticas que estipulem um número máximo de alunos por turma nas notas em Matemática e Português da Prova Brasil de alunos do 5º ano municipal da cidade de São Paulo e 9º estadual de todo o estado São Paulo. Para isso, empregou-se a metodologia de regressão descontínua fuzzy, utilizando o tamanho da sala predito pela função de Maimonides (Angrist e Lavy, 1999) como instrumento para o tamanho da sala observado. Os resultados mostram que não existam evidências estatisticamente significantes de que o tamanho da sala tenha impacto nas notas dos alunos. Visando trazer maior validade externa, o efeito de interesse foi estimado para o 5º e 9º ano estadual de Minas Gerais e Santa Catarina, e 5º ano estadual de São Paulo, obtendo-se a mesma conclusão. As análises de robustez performadas também concluem não haver efeito / As a result of the inversion of the demographic pyramid and the consequent drop in enrollments in basic education in Brazil, a possible public policy is to limit the number of students per classroom. In this context, the main objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of policies that stipulate a maximum number of students per class on students scores in Mathematics and Portuguese of Prova Brasil, using a sample of 5th and 9th grade students from the municipal and state school chains of São Paulo. Fuzzy regression discontinuity design was used to estimate these impacts, using predicted class size by the Maimonides rule (Angrist and Lavy, 1999) as an instrument for the actual class size. Results show that there is no statistically significant evidence that class size has an impact on student grades. Aiming to bring greater external validity, the effect of interest was estimated for the 5th and 9th grade of Minas Gerais and Santa Catarina, and 5th grade São Paulo, obtaining the same conclusion. The robustness analyzes performed also conclude that there is no effect.
3

Essays in econometric theory

Casalecchi, Alessandro Ribeiro de Carvalho 25 May 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Alessandro Ribeiro de Carvalho Casalecchi (alercc@gmail.com) on 2017-07-03T21:17:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Alessandro_Casalecchi.pdf: 2174297 bytes, checksum: 27298549cf220c58b7eb52f7323446d7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzinei Teles Garcia Garcia (suzinei.garcia@fgv.br) on 2017-07-04T11:10:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Alessandro_Casalecchi.pdf: 2174297 bytes, checksum: 27298549cf220c58b7eb52f7323446d7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-05T13:46:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Alessandro_Casalecchi.pdf: 2174297 bytes, checksum: 27298549cf220c58b7eb52f7323446d7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-25 / Os dois artigos desta tese, os capítulos 2 e 3, referem-se a testes de hipótese mas têm focos diferentes. O capítulo 2, intitulado "Improvements for external validity tests in fuzzy regression discontinuity designs," apresenta condições --- hipóteses de continuidade, monotonicidade estrita e convergência pontual --- sob as quais testes de qualidade de ajuste para duas amostras podem ser usados para testes de validade externa em modelos de tratamento-controle que sofrem de "compliance" imperfeito. Modelos com "compliance" imperfeito permitem a estimação de efeitos de tratamento apenas para a subpopulação de "compliers", sendo que tais estimativas não são necessariamente válidas para outras subpopulações ("always-takers" e "never-takers"). Sob as condições do capítulo 2, o uso do teste de qualidade de ajuste no lugar do teste de diferença de médias representa um avanço para testes de validade externa, uma vez que mais hipóteses alternativas são detectáveis pelo primeiro teste. Sugerimos combinar duas estatísticas de teste de qualidade de ajuste (uma para tratados e outra para não tratados) na forma de um teste múltiplo ao invés de um teste conjunto. O capítulo 3, intitulado "Higher-order UMP tests", sugere uma estratégia para se escolher, dentro de um conjunto de estatísticas de teste disponíveis, aquela que fornece o teste mais poderoso quando as funções de poder dos testes em questão não podem ser diferenciadas através de métodos assintóticos usuais, como análise de poder local ("local power analysis"). Propomos o uso de aproximações assintóticas de ordem mais alta, como expansões de Edgeworth, para se aproximar as densidades amostrais das estatísticas disponíveis e, com isso, verificar-se quais delas possuem a propriedade da razão monotônica de verossimilhança. Tal propriedade implica, pelo Teorema de Karlin-Rubin, que o teste é uniformemente mais poderoso (UMP) --- ao menos até certa ordem de aproximação --- se a estatística for suficiente para o parâmetro relevante. Para o caso em que as estatísticas sendo comparadas não são suficientes, argumentamos que frequentemente elas podem se tornar suficientes para uma família paramétrica de interesse após reparametrizações apropriadas. Para fins de ilustração, nós aplicamos o método proposto para determinar o valor ótimo, em termos de poder, do parâmetro de suavização do estimador de densidade por kernel em bases de dados simuladas e concluímos que a ordem de aproximação usada nesta aplicação (segunda ordem) não é alta o suficiente para permitir a diferenciação das funções de poder associadas aos diferentes valores do parâmetro de suavização. / The two papers in this work, chapters 2 and 3, regard hypothesis testing but address different issues. Chapter 2, entitled "Improvements for external validity tests in fuzzy regression discontinuity designs", shows conditions --- assumptions of continuity, strict monotonicity and pointwise convergence --- under which two-sample goodness-of-fit (GOF) tests can be used to test for external validity in treatment-control models that suffer from imperfect compliance of units with respect to the assigned treatment. Imperfect compliance allows researchers to estimate only treatment effects for the subpopulation of compliers, and the validity of these estimates for other subpopulations (always-takers and never-takers) remains an open problem. Under the conditions in Chapter 2, the use of GOF tests in place of mean difference tests represents an improvement over other external validity tests in the literature, since more alternative hypotheses are detectable by the test statistic. We suggested to combine two GOF test statistics (one for the treated and one for the untreated) in a multiple test instead of a joint test. Chapter 3, entitled "Higher-order UMP tests", suggests a strategy to choose among candidate test statistics, according to a power criterion, when their power performances are not distinguishable by usual methods of asymptotic comparison like local power analysis. We propose the use of higher-order asymptotic expansions, like Edgeworth expansions, to approximate the sample densities of the candidate test statistics and verify which of them has the monotone likelihood ratio property. This property implies, by the Karlin-Rubin Theorem, that the test is uniformly most powerful (UMP) --- at least to an order of approximation --- if the statistic is sufficient for the relevant parameter. When the statistics under study are not sufficient, we argue that they can often be made sufficient for a desired parametric family after appropriate reparameterization. We applied the method to search for the power-optimal bandwidth for the kernel density estimator in simulated data sets, and concluded that the order of approximation that we used (second order) is still too low to allow us to distinguish among bandwidths.
4

Design and Delivery of Effective Activation Measures : what Works and for Whom? / Conception et mise en oeuvre des mesures d'activation : quelle efficacité et pour qui ?

Escudero Vasconez, Maria Veronica 16 November 2018 (has links)
Les politiques actives du marché du travail (PAMT) sont considérées de plus en plus comme nécessaires pour renforcer le lien entre protection sociale et création de sources de revenu plus durables dans l’objectif d’améliorer la qualité de l’emploi mais aussi, de façon plus générale, les conditions de vie. En conséquence, ces mesures jouent un rôle essentiel aujourd’hui dans les programmes de politique publique de la plupart des économies avancées et voient leur importance augmenter fortement dans les pays émergents et dans les pays en développement, où elles ne sont pas encore aussi bien établies. Il reste toutefois encore beaucoup à apprendre sur l’impact de ces mesures, en particulier sur le rôle des caractéristiques de leur mise en œuvre. Cette thèse entend contribuer à ce débat en étudiant l’efficacité des PAMT et le rôle des systèmes de mise en œuvre pour ce qui est de leur impact à la fois dans les pays développés et dans les pays émergents et en développement.Le premier chapitre examine sous un angle macroéconomique l’efficacité des PAMT à améliorer les résultats sur le marché du travail au sein des pays de l’OCDE, en particulier pour les travailleurs peu qualifiés. Il est capital de saisir de façon empirique l’effet net global des PAMT sur l’ensemble du marché du travail, car ces politiques entraînent souvent des phénomènes de substitution, de déplacement et d’autres conséquences indirectes. Les deux chapitres suivants cherchent à déterminer si les PAMT doivent être encore étendues dans les pays émergents et en développement. Pour ce faire, les effets au niveau individuel de deux types de PAMT en Amérique latine sont étudiés, en s’appuyant sur la présence de règles d’attribution intéressantes et de données de qualité au niveau individuel. Ainsi, le deuxième chapitre s’intéresse plus particulièrement aux conséquences à moyen et long terme d’un programme de workfare péruvien, l’une des mesures d’activation les moins étudiées, bien que fréquemment mise en œuvre dans la région, afin d’évaluer la durabilité de ses effets. Le troisième chapitre s’intéresse à l’introduction d’un ensemble complet de PAMT en Argentine, dans le but d’aider les bénéficiaires éligibles d’un programme de transfert de fonds sous conditions à trouver des sources de revenus plus stables. Dans les deux cas, l’accent est mis sur les effets sur la qualité de l’emploi et sur la manière dont la mise en œuvre des mesures conditionne leur impact.Ces travaux montrent que les PAMT sont utiles mais à condition qu’elles s’accompagnent d’une conception et d’une mise en œuvre appropriées. Les résultats confirment l’importance de ces facteurs pour ce qui est de l’efficacité des mesures tant dans les pays de l’OCDE que dans ceux d’Amérique latine étudiés. L’ampleur des effets dépend du type de mesure étudiée et de la catégorie de bénéficiaires visée. / Today, active labor market policies (ALMPs) are increasingly seen as a necessary tool to strengthen the link between social protection and the creation of more sustainable sources of income with a view to increasing work quality but also improving living conditions more broadly. As a result, the role of ALMPs in policy agendas remains high in most advanced economies and has increased dramatically in emerging and developing countries, where ALMPs are still less established. Despite this, there is still a lot to be learned regarding the impact of these policies, particularly with regards to the role of implementation characteristics. My dissertation aims to contribute to this debate by looking at the effectiveness of ALMPs and the role of delivery systems in shaping their impact in both, developed and emerging and developing countries.It starts by examining the effectiveness of ALMPs in OECD countries in improving labor market outcomes, especially for low-skilled individuals, from a macroeconomic perspective (Chapter 1). Capturing empirically the overall net effect of ALMPs on the wide labor market is of upmost importance, since the role of ALMPs frequently involves substitution, displacement and other indirect effects. Then, the following two chapters aim to assess whether ALMPs should be leveraged further in emerging and developing countries, by investigating the individual-level effects of two different types of ALMPs in Latin America, exploiting the availability of interesting assignment rules and good-quality individual-level data. Chapter 2 focuses on the medium- to long-term effects of a Peruvian workfare program, one of the least studied ALMPs in the region albeit commonly implemented, to assess the sustainability of these type of programs’ effects. Chapter 3 then looks at the provision of a comprehensive package of ALMPs in Argentina, implemented to support eligible beneficiaries of a conditional cash transfer program in finding more stable income opportunities. In both cases, the focus is placed on the effects on work quality and on the role of design and implementation in shaping the effects.My research suggests that ALMPs are relevant but mostly through appropriate design and implementation aspects. The results confirm the importance of these factors in ensuring effectiveness both in OECD and the Latin American countries assessed. The size of effects depends on the type of policy assessed and on the beneficiary group.

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