The present study defines the concepts of Economic Growth and Poverty. The main objective of the study is to identify the relationship between these macroeconomic variables in Peru during the period 2001-2016. During the process of analysis of the variables, the evolution of Economic Growth and Poverty is described. The methodology used is descriptive and correlational, the source of data for the study was obtained from the INEI, the variables used were PBI. PBI pc and Poverty. Product of the study carried out determines the significant link that economic growth has in the reduction of poverty. Finally, it is determined that sustained economic growth in the country is a necessary but not sufficient condition for the eradication of poverty.

Where post-GDP, a socio-ecological substitute of GDP, has become increasingly salient within international relations, its practice at an institutional economic level remains largely marginalised. At a discursive level, however, both GDP and post-GDP appear to be both supplementary and antithetical to one another. This thesis investigates this relationship between GDP and post-GDP discourse, as well as the dependency of economic institutions to exercise such a discourse. Constructivist institutionalism initially frames these economic ideas as both constitutive and antagonistic towards institutional stability. This thesis, however, draws primarily upon institutional poststructuralism, articulating GDP/post-GDP discourse, not the agent, as a mechanism that produces economic knowledge and, by association, the institutions that are shaped by it. A two-part analysis takes place, consisting of an historical genealogy of GDP/post-GDP and a discourse logics analysis between the IMF development committee and the economic departments of India and surrounding countries. The findings show that the formative discourse of GDP and post-GDP had become divorced during the 20th century and that while GDP logics often struggle to reconcile requisite development outcomes, economic institutions exercise the two as a unitary discourse; albeit one that maintains a GDP centre.

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Very little has been written about the effect that oil prices have on manufacturing output in the United States. This paper aims to shed light about the effect of oil prices, oil imports, and GDP on U.S. manufacturing output through a four-variable vector autoregression and explain the timing of these shocks through impulse response functions. Empirical results find that oil prices are significant in determining manufacturing output, but manufacturing output is also significant in determining oil prices.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the causal relationship between GDP and renewable energy. In order to find a significant relationship, a literature review is first analyzed in order to select the right methods for analysis. A simple model of GDP determination is chosen to inspect the relationship of society and sustainable energy production, as well as account for externalities on the environment by including emissions as an explanatory variable. The UN framework of sustainable development is used to highlight the need for action in the renewables energy sector. Concepts of emergy and transformity are employed to give a better understanding on the nature of energy and its crucial importance to economic development. The validity of these affirmations in terms of the nexus of causality will be done through economic methods: critical tests such as Pedroni cointegration, Granger causality and others will be used. These findings lead to useful policy implications for countries attempting to promote renewable energy and energy development. Unidirectional causality running from GDP growth to growth in the percentage of renewable energy consumption is found.

The consequences of immigration have been heavily discussed by researchers, economists, politicians and people in general. The existing literature regarding immigration and its impact on the economy is divided and looked upon through different perspectives. Therefore, it could be said that immigration and its economic impact on the host country is a controversial subject. The purpose of this study is to analyse the impact of immigration on the European OECD countries economy by looking at the unemployment rate and GDP per capita for two different time periods, those being 1985-2000 and 2006-2016, to see the effect of each time period and to compare the waves of immigration. The methodology used is a fixed effect regression. The results obtained were in line with the existing theory showing a positive impact or no impact at all of immigration on the unemployment rate and GDP per capita, but shared different results across time.

Thesis advisor: Robert Murphy / The primary goal of the European Union is to promote a high degree of competition between regions in an effort to allow for the creation of the single market. In the year 2004, the EU had allowed ten new member states to enter into the European Union. This paper looks at the potential positive or negative impact from entering into partnership with the EU. It looks at convergence between EU member states and a potential treatment effect in order to determine that this is indeed a localized phenomenon in the EU or is there a general convergence between all countries. The paper uses a fixed effects approach in order to determine the impact of partnership and use of the Euro within the EU. I find evidence of convergence and a positive benefit from partnership; however, using the Euro appears to have a negative impact on countries. / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2015. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Departmental Honors. / Discipline: Economics.

Este trabalho tem por objetivo testar a hipótese da convergência de renda entre os estados e municípios brasileiros entre os anos de 1999 e 2013. Para avaliar os dados é empregado instrumental exposto em Tirado et al. (2015), no qual encontra-se análises de modalidade, mobilidade e agrupamento espacial. Os resultados apontam para a persistência das diferenças regionais tanto entre os estados, quanto entre os municípios, consequentemente não estaria ocorrendo um movimento de convergência. Foi constatado uma elevação da mobilidade de classes de renda entre 1999 e 2002, porém tal acréscimo não se manteve nos anos seguintes. Em relação ao agrupamento espacial, este mostrou-se relevante apenas para os estados. / This work aims to test the income convergence hypothesis among Brazilian states and counties from 1999 to 2013. For assessing the data was used the instrumental presented in Tirado et al. (2015), in which finds modality, mobility and spatial clustering analysis. The results indicate for persistence in regional differences among states as well as among counties, thereafter it would not be occurring a convergence movement. It was found a mobility elevation among income classes from 1999 to 2002, however this increase did not mantain to the following years. Concerning to spatial clustering, this was relevant only for the states.

This thesis focuses on five of the founding nations of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). The countries are Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Indonesia and the Philippines (ASEAN5). Asset pricing for the ASEAN5 equity markets is the main focus of this thesis, although we also develop vector error correction models (VECM) for GDP, trade and local equity market returns for the ASEAN5. While this allows further analysis of the robustness of asset pricing models, it also facilitates study of the fundamental links that exist within these economies. The traditional CAPM and the four factor-model that include market, size, value and momentum effects (Fama and French, 1993; Carhart, 1997) are employed in testing the variation in size/book-to-market equity (size-BTME) and industry portfolio returns for these markets for the period from January 1990 to March 2006. Three macro factors as well as world excess returns are then added to the basic four-factor asset pricing model. These macro factors include unexpected GDP, unexpected total trade and unexpected equity market returns, which are derived from VECM or VAR estimates for ASEAN5 GDP, total trade and equity market returns. This model is referred to as the macro-factor model. The results suggest that the explanatory power of the four-factor model consistently exceeds those of the one-factor CAPM in explaining size-BTME and industry portfolio returns. Further, the macro-factor model analysis suggests that collectively, this model does not substantially improve the explanatory power of the basic four-factor model, suggesting that the variation in portfolio returns is mostly captured by the four-factor model. There is some cross-country variation in these results. Regardless, these macro factors − taken as a group or individually − are statistically significant, particularly for Thailand and Malaysia. In addition, the cointegration test results document evidence of long-run linkages for the equity markets within the ASEAN5. This is also true for GDP within the ASEAN5. In both cases, closer links prevail in the post-crisis period. This is not the case for trade where there is little consistent evidence of close links between the countries. Mixed results are found for different ASEAN5 trade measures where the linkages for total trade, import and exports vary substantially according to the selected period of study, whether full period, pre-crisis or post-crisis period.

This thesis attempts to establish what determines financial development in Africa by making use of cross sectional and panel data techniques. Financial development, the dependent variable, is measured using the banking sector indicator liquid liabilities (M3) while trade openness, financial openness and the GDP growth rates are used as independent variables. The data used in this research ranges from 1975-200, though for the cross sectional analysis particular years (1975, 1985, 1995, and 2005) are focused on. The empirical results from both regression types generally suggest that trade openness has a significantly positive effect on Africa’s financial development. Cross-sectional results show that financial openness and the GDP growth rate are significantly negative in 2005. With the panel data results, financial openness is significantly negative in explaining financial development, while the GDP growth rate is insignificant suggesting that it is not an important determinant of financial development for African countries.