This thesis studied a new variant of Evolutionary Algorithms called Gene Expression Programming. The evolution process of Gene Expression Programming was investigated from the practice to the theory. As a practice level, the original version of Gene Expression Programming was applied to a classification problem and an enhanced version of the algorithm was consequently developed. This allowed the development of a general understanding of each component of the genotype and phenotype separated representation system of the solution employed by the algorithm. Based on such an understanding, a version of the schema theory was developed for Gene Expression Programming. The genetic modifications provided by each genetic operator employed by this algorithm were analysed and a set of theorems predicting the propagation of the schema from one generation to another was developed. Also a set of experiments were performed to test the validity of the developed schema theory obtaining good agreement between the experimental results and the theoretical predictions.

Les néoplasmes neuroendocrines gastro-entéro-pancréatiques (NNE GEP) représentent un groupe de tumeurs rares se développant à partir des cellules neuroendocrines de l'organisme. L'arsenal thérapeutique disponible aujourd'hui pour les NNE GEP reste faible, même s'il s'est étoffé au cours de ces dix dernières années avec l'arrivée des thérapies ciblées (inhibiteurs de mTOR et de tyrosine-kinase). Cependant, ces traitements présentent des résistances qui conditionnent leur efficacité et aucun biomarqueur permettant de sélectionner les patients répondeurs à ces traitements ou d'anticiper le développement de résistances n'est connu. Identifier de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques et comprendre les mécanismes de résistance est donc un enjeu dans le traitement des NNE GEP. Nos travaux montrent que les cellules de NNE GEP soumises à l'hypoxie ou la déplétion en glucose activent l'Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) et que la voie PERK favorise la survie cellulaire. De plus, la modulation de la réponse UPR (via des inhibiteurs ou inducteurs de l'UPR) diminue la croissance tumorale dans un modèle murin de dissémination métastatique de NNE GEP. Nous avons également découvert qu'un inhibiteur de mTOR, la rapamycine, permet d'activer préférentiellement la voie PERK de l'UPR, favorisant la survie des cellules traitées par la rapamycine. Ces résultats montrent l'intérêt de cibler la réponse UPR dans le traitement des NNE GEP. De plus, nous suggérons la mise en place d'un mécanisme de résistance aux inhibiteurs de mTOR impliquant la voie PERK. Si ces résultats se confirment in vivo et ex vivo, l'association d'un inhibiteur de mTOR et d'un inhibiteur de PERK pourrait palier aux phénomènes de résistance rencontrés avec les inhibiteurs de mTOR dans les NNE GEP / Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP NEN) are defined as rare neoplastic lesions developing from neuroendocrine cells. Therapeutic options available for GEP NEN are scarce, although targeted therapies such as mTOR or tyrosine-kinase inhibitors provide new opportunities. However, tumor cells develop resistances to these treatments, which reduce their effectiveness. To date, no biomarker is available to select patients responding to these treatments or to anticipate the development of resistances. Identifying new therapeutic targets and understanding mechanisms of resistance are therefore a relevant issue in the treatment of GEP NEN.We found that GEP NEN cells induce the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) when subjected to hypoxia or glucose depletion, and that PERK pathway promotes cell survival. Modulation of the UPR thanks to UPR inhibitors or inducers decreases tumor growth in a murine model of metastatic dissemination of GEP NEN. Moreover, the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin preferentially induces PERK arm of the UPR, thereby promoting survival of rapamycin-treated cells. These results show the interest in targeting the UPR in the treatment of NNE GEP. In addition, we here suggest a new resistance mechanism to mTOR inhibitors involving PERK pathway. If these results are confirmed in vivo and ex vivo, the combination of mTOR inhibitor and PERK inhibitor could overcome mTOR inhibitors resistances in GEP NEN

Generic Ericsson Processor boards are general purpose hardware platforms which provide generic processing services. They support the Unified Extensible Firmware Interface Specification. They have several network interfaces available and they are connected to Ericsson’s laboratory network. Several servers are also connected to this network. These boards require periodic firmware upgrades. They also require acquiring new firmware components and data files. Currently, an application to download or upload files from and to Ericsson’s laboratory servers when an Operating System has not already been booted does not exist. Therefore, the files have to be transferred to USB drives which are connected later to the boards in order to transfer the files. This is a time consuming operation which decreases Ericsson’s productivity. In addition, although Generic Ericsson Processor boards have an optional solid-state drive as secondary storage, Ericsson wants to be able to operate without it. This is because this secondary storage is not always available and Ericsson does not want to use it when the Generic Ericsson Processor boards are operating before an Operating System has been loaded. They prefer to use Random Access Memory storage. This project is focused on studying possible solutions for those two problems. Several file transfer protocols are analyzed. Several file system solutions mounted on Random Access Memory are also explored. A Trivial File Transfer Protocol client application and a Random Access Memory Disk driver prototype are designed, implemented and tested. They are tailored to work on a pre-boot environment, when the boards have not booted an Operating System yet, in Ericsson’s laboratory network. Finally, a secure file transfer protocols’ study is developed. This study will be used to assess Ericsson on the optimal secure file transfer protocol choice in order to implement possible secure future versions of the system.

Die vollständige Ausnutzung des Leichtbaupotentials bei der Dimensionierung von mehrschichtigen endlosfaserverstärkten Strukturbauteilen erfordert die Bereitstellung von geeigneten Optimierungswerkzeugen, da bei der Auslegung eine große Anzahl von Entwurfsvariablen zu berücksichtigen sind. In dieser Arbeit werden Optimierungsalgorithmen und -strategien zur Lösung wissenschaftlicher Fragestellungen für industrielle Anwendungen bei der Konstruktion von entsprechenden Faserkunststoffverbunden entwickelt und bewertet. Um das breite Anwendungsspektrum aufzuzeigen, werden drei unterschiedliche repräsentative Problemstellungen bearbeitet. Dabei wird für Mehrschichtverbunde die Festigkeitsoptimierung hinsichtlich eines bruchtypbezogenen Versagenskriteriums vorgenommen, ein Dämpfungsmodell zur Materialcharakterisierung entworfen sowie eine bivalente Optimierungsstrategie zur Auslegung von gewickelten Hochdruckbehältern erstellt. Die Grundlage der entwickelten Methoden bilden dabei jeweils stochastische naturanaloge Optimierungsheuristiken, da die betrachteten Aufgabenstellungen nicht konvex sind und derartige Verfahren flexibel eingesetzt werden können. / The full utilization of the light weight potential in the dimensioning of multilayer fiber reinforced composites requires suitable optimization tools, since a large number of design variables has to be taken into account. In this work, optimization algorithms and strategies for the solution of scientific questions for industrial applications are developed and evaluated in the design of corresponding fiber-plastic composites. In order to show the wide range of applications, three different representative topics have been chosen. It will carry out a strength optimization for multilayer composites with regard to a type-related failure criterion, devolop a damping model for material characterization and established a bivalent optimization strategy for the design of wound high-pressure vessels. The developed methods are based on stochastic natural-analog optimization heuristics, since the considered tasks are not convex and such methods can be used in a very flexible manner.

Submitted by Fabiano Malheiro (fabianomalheiro22@hotmail.com) on 2019-02-01T12:26:25Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Revestimentos biomiméticos para superfícies de titânio em aplicações biomédicas.pdf: 8421154 bytes, checksum: 3579eb98998151e0dbd81f5e4fb61cec (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2019-02-01T12:26:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Revestimentos biomiméticos para superfícies de titânio em aplicações biomédicas.pdf: 8421154 bytes, checksum: 3579eb98998151e0dbd81f5e4fb61cec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-09 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul - FAPERGS / A osteointegração produto de próteses ósseas de titânio, continua sendo um ponto crítico e problemático recorrente no processo de reabilitação. Esforços para aperfeiçoar a resposta na interface "superfície-célula" dos implanto-materiais, têm sido direcionados para melhorar as propriedades físico-químicas das superfícies e induzir a adesão, proliferação, diferenciação ou apoptose celular. Revestimentos biomiméticos com superfícies sensíveis em titânio representam alternativas com resultados promissores para a resposta celular promovendo a formação de uma conexão funcional entre a superfície do material e o tecido ósseo. Para abordar esse tema foram realizados uma revisão sistemática relacionado ao tema e um estudo laboratorial para determinar as características de revestimentos de superfície biomiméticas (biomoléculas) em titânio e respostas celulares em relação à. No primeiro artigo foi realizada uma revisão sistemática para to avaliar a resposta celular produzida pelo tratamento de superfícies de titânio mediante o uso da técnica de polarização catódica.Treze estudos foram cumpriram com os critérios de inclusão e foram incluídos na revisão. Os resultados in vitro e in vivo relataram que o uso de polarização catódica promoveu superfícies com hidride e deposição efetiva e adesão das biomoléculas revestidas. O método eletroquímico, promoveu maior ou comparável viabilidade celular, proliferação, adesão, diferenciação ou crescimento ósseo. Para os artigos 2 e 3, foram desenvolvidos revestimentos de superfícies biomiméticas pelas técnicas de sol-gel dip-coating e polarização eletroquímica com diferentes configurações de superfícies estimulo responsivas multicamada e combinação de biomoléculas em titânio. O desenvolvimento das superfícies foi realizado e as amostras foram caracterizadas mediante microscopia de Força Atômica, Análise de Raios X de Energia Dispersa e citotoxicidade. A análise estatística foi descritiva e analítica (Stata 11.0). Os resultados foram submetidos a análise de variância ANOVA e/ou teste de Kruskall Wallis com nível de significância de 5% (p ≤ 0.05). No artigo 2, os resultados demonstraram que o grupo de superfícies modificadas com TiO2: Li+ (15%): Zr (15%)/PEG mediante o método sol-gel dip coating, promoveu maior crescimento celular (p>0,05) comparado ao resto dos grupos experimentais. No artigo 3, os resultados demonstraram que o grupo de superfícies modificadas com Indium tin oxide (In2O5Sn) mediante o método sol-gel dip coating, promoveu alto crescimento celular comparável estatisticamente ao grupo controle (p>0,05) e que o grupo que usou a técnica de polarização catódica promoveu crescimento celular. A polarização catódica promove alta viabilidade celular. In vitro, a técnica sol-gel e de polarização eletroquímica modificaram as superfícies de titânio. Entre as biomoléculas ativas, In2O5Sn e TiO2: Li+(15%):Zr(15%)/PEG aumentaram a viabilidade celular. / Osseointegration product of titanium bone prostheses continues to be a recurring and problematic point in the rehabilitation process. Efforts to improve the response in the interface "surface-cell" of implant-materials have been address to enhance physicochemical properties of the surfaces and induce cellular adhesion, proliferation, differentiation or apoptosis. Biomimetic coatings with titanium sensitive surfaces represent alternatives with promising results for the cellular response to osseointegration and can stimulate positive biological responses, promoting the formation of a functional connection between the surface of the material and the bone tissue, producing sufficient stimuli in the vascularization for the performance of tissue metabolic changes. To address this theme, a systematic review on the subject and a laboratory study were carried out to determine the characteristics of titanium biomimetic surface coatings (biomolecules) and the cellular responses. In the first article, a systematic review was carried out to evaluate the cellular response produced by the treatment of titanium surfaces using the cathodic polarization technique. Thirteen studies accomplished the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. In vitro and in vivo results reported that the use of cathodic polarization promoted surfaces with hydride and effective deposition and adhesion of the coated biomolecules. The electrochemical method promoted higher or comparable cellular viability, proliferation, adhesion, differentiation or bone growth than the group’s control. For articles 2 and 3, biomimetic surface coatings were developed by integrated dipcoating sol-gel techniques and electrochemical polarization with different configurations of multilayer responsive stimulus surfaces and combination of biomolecules in titanium. Surface development was performed and Atomic Force Microscopy, Dispersed Energy X-ray Analysis and cytotoxicity, characterized the samples. The statistical analysis was descriptive and analytical (Stata 11.0). The results were submitted to the analysis of variance ANOVA and/or Kruskal Wallis test to determine possible differences between the groups with a significance level of 5% (p ≤ 0.05). In article 2, the results showed that the group of modified surfaces with TiO2: Li + (15%): Zr (15%)/ PEG by the sol-gel dipcoating method, promoted higher cell growth (p> 0.05) than the rest of the experimental groups. In article 3, the results showed that the group of surfaces modified with Indium tin oxide (In2O5Sn) by the solgel dip coating method promoted high cell growth statistically comparable to the control group (p> 0.05) and the group that used the cathodic polarization technique promoted cell growth. Cathodic polarization promotes high cell viability and bone growth. In vitro, the sol-gel dip coating technique and electrochemical polarization modified titanium surfaces. Among the active biomolecules, In2O5Sn and TiO2: Li+ (15%): Zr (15%) / PEG increased cell viability.

Τo Gene Expression Programming - GEP (Προγραμματισμός Γονιδιακής Έκφρασης - ΠΓΕ) είναι μια μέθοδος αυτόματης παραγωγής προγραμμάτων η οποία ανήκει στη γενική κατηγορία των Εξελικτικών Αλγορίθμων, εκείνων των τεχνικών δηλαδή που εμπνέονται από τις φυσικές διεργασίες της βιολογικής εξέλιξης. Συγκεκριμένα ο ΠΓΕ χρησιμοποιεί πληθυσμούς από άτομα, επιλέγει τα άτομα σύμφωνα με την καταλληλότητά τους (fitness) και εισάγει νέα σημεία (άτομα, πιθανές λύσεις) στον πληθυσμό χρησιμοποιώντας έναν ή περισσότερους γενετικούς τελεστές. Στόχος αυτής της Μεταπτυχιακής Διπλωματικής Εργασίας ήταν ο σχεδιασμός και η υλοποίηση ενός Ολοκληρωμένου Γραφικού Περιβάλλοντος για τον Προγραμματισμό Γονιδιακής Έκφρασης καθώς και η υλοποίηση ορισμένων καινοτομιών. Στα πλαίσια της διπλωματικής εργασίας, σχεδιάσθηκε και αναπτύχθηκε ένας καινοτόμος τελεστής για την μέθοδο του ΠΓΕ. Ο συγκεκριμένος τελεστής πραγματοποιεί μια τοπική αναζήτηση στις μεταβλητές που χρησιμοποιούνται στη μοντελοποίηση του εκάστοτε προβλήματος και επιλέγει εκείνες τις μεταβλητές για τις οποίες η απόδοση του αλγορίθμου βελτιστοποιείται. Η απόδοση του καινούργιου τελεστή ελέγχθηκε και πειραματικά. Μια επιπλέον καινοτομία που εφαρμόστηκε είναι η αυξομείωση του αριθμού των μεταλλάξεων. Συγκεκριμένα, επιλέγουμε να μειώνουμε τον αριθμό των μεταλλάξεων καθώς ο πληθυσμός εξελίσσεται, ενώ τον αυξάνουμε όταν έχουμε μικρή διαφορά ανάμεσα στη βέλτιστη και τη μέση απόδοση του πληθυσμού. Ο μεταβλητός αριθμός μεταλλάξεων σε συνδυασμό με την ικανότητα της μεθοδολογίας του ΠΓΕ να αποφεύγει τα τοπικά ακρότατα βελτιώνει σημαντικά την προσαρμοστικότητα του αλγορίθμου. Επιπλέον, για την αντιμετώπιση της αυξημένης υπολογιστικής πολυπλοκότητας που παρουσιάζει η μέθοδος, εισήχθη η έννοια του παραλληλισμού. Τέλος, η τροποποιημένη μέθοδος του ΠΓΕ εφαρμόστηκε σε πληθώρα προβλημάτων όπως η μοντελοποίηση συμπεριφοράς μιας χρονοσειράς μαγνητοεγκεφαλογραφήματος, η μοντελοποίηση της συμπεριφοράς κόπωσης υλικών, η πρόβλεψη ισοτιμίας δολαρίου – ευρώ, η πρόβλεψη πρωτεϊνικών αλληλεπιδράσεων και η πρόβλεψη του βαθμού υδατοκορεσμού ελαιοκαλλιεργειών. Τα αποτελέσματα που προέκυψαν είναι ιδιαίτερα ενθαρρυντικά. / Gene Expression Programming (GEP) is one method of automatic generation of programs that belongs to a wider class of Evolutionary Algorithms. Evolutionary Algorithms are inspired by biological mechanisms of evolution. Specifically, GEP uses populations of individuals, select the individuals according to their fitness, and introduce genetic variation using one or more genetic operators. The purpose of this Master's Thesis was to design and implement an Integrated Graphical Environment for Gene Expression Programming and the implementation of certain innovations. Ιn the context of this thesis an innovative operator was designed and developed for the GEP method. This particular operator is conducting a local search on the variables used in modeling of a problem and chooses those variables for which the performance of the algorithm is optimized. The performance of the new operator was experimentally tested. Another innovation implemented was the fluctuation in the number of mutations. Specifically, we choose to reduce the number of mutations as the population evolves, while we increase it when the performance of the best individual found is very close to the average performance of the population. The variable number of mutations in combination with the ability of the methodology of GEP to avoid local extrema significantly improves the adaptability of the algorithm. Moreover, in order to face the increased computational complexity of the method, we introduce parallelism. Finally, the modified method of GEP was applied to many problems such as modeling behavior of a MEG’s time series, modeling of fatigue behavior of materials, forecasting Euro - United States Dollar exchange rate, predicting protein interactions and predicting the degree of saturation of olive crops. The results are very encouraging.

Die vollständige Ausnutzung des Leichtbaupotentials bei der Dimensionierung von mehrschichtigen endlosfaserverstärkten Strukturbauteilen erfordert die Bereitstellung von geeigneten Optimierungswerkzeugen, da bei der Auslegung eine große Anzahl von Entwurfsvariablen zu berücksichtigen sind. In dieser Arbeit werden Optimierungsalgorithmen und -strategien zur Lösung wissenschaftlicher Fragestellungen für industrielle Anwendungen bei der Konstruktion von entsprechenden Faserkunststoffverbunden entwickelt und bewertet. Um das breite Anwendungsspektrum aufzuzeigen, werden drei unterschiedliche repräsentative Problemstellungen bearbeitet. Dabei wird für Mehrschichtverbunde die Festigkeitsoptimierung hinsichtlich eines bruchtypbezogenen Versagenskriteriums vorgenommen, ein Dämpfungsmodell zur Materialcharakterisierung entworfen sowie eine bivalente Optimierungsstrategie zur Auslegung von gewickelten Hochdruckbehältern erstellt. Die Grundlage der entwickelten Methoden bilden dabei jeweils stochastische naturanaloge Optimierungsheuristiken, da die betrachteten Aufgabenstellungen nicht konvex sind und derartige Verfahren flexibel eingesetzt werden können. / The full utilization of the light weight potential in the dimensioning of multilayer fiber reinforced composites requires suitable optimization tools, since a large number of design variables has to be taken into account. In this work, optimization algorithms and strategies for the solution of scientific questions for industrial applications are developed and evaluated in the design of corresponding fiber-plastic composites. In order to show the wide range of applications, three different representative topics have been chosen. It will carry out a strength optimization for multilayer composites with regard to a type-related failure criterion, devolop a damping model for material characterization and established a bivalent optimization strategy for the design of wound high-pressure vessels. The developed methods are based on stochastic natural-analog optimization heuristics, since the considered tasks are not convex and such methods can be used in a very flexible manner.

The thesis has a theoretical and empirical nature. It focuses on issues of teacher's personality and view of 2nd Primary school for her. The first part describes personality traits, teacher and diverse teaching styles. It defines the professional competence of teachers, such as competence and communicative competence reflect on their activities. Attention is paid to define the characteristics of "good" teachers, who are the authority, assertiveness, emotional stability, sense of humor, fair evaluation, creativity and flexibility. In conclusion, the theoretical part of the established requirements and objectives for the current school teachers and the teaching profession The influence of personality. The practical part presents the results of quantitative research, which was written the method of questioning. The data obtained explain the view of 2nd Primary school teacher and a personality show, which features students assessed as significant and which forms and methods of work adopted positively.

No description available.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. It is a molecular and prognostic heterogeneous disease. Three main genetic subtypes are called germinal center-like DLBCL (GC-like DLBCL), non-germinal center-like DLBCL (nonGC-like DLBCL) and primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma (PMBL). These subtypes can be reliably distinguished only with usage of gene expression profiling (GEP). The GEP method can be applied only when fresh frozen tissue is available. The method is technically difficult and expensive. Thus, it is not used routinely. Since the DLBCL subtypes differ in prognosis, it is extremely important to be able to distinguish them. The presented thesis is focused on distinguishing of PMBL diagnosis in the group of DLBCL. Easily stored formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue (FFPE) and gene expression analysis using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RTqPCR) are used. In the first step, PMBL and DLBCL cases were distinguished with an internationally accepted clinical-pathological method. The agreement between clinical-pathological diagnosis and GEP is only 76%. In the presented text a genetic algorithm for PMBL/DLBCL distinguishing is suggested. It uses three carefully chosen genes and their expression is measured with RTqPCR. Both, the...