Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:35:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 2255864 bytes, checksum: 3379a54f5490338aa78351418a7c806a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-03-09 / This work aims the morphological and structural characterization of CdTe quantum dots and ultra-thin films grown on Si(111) substrates with hydrogen-terminated surface. The samples were grown by hot wall epitaxy and investigated by atomic force microscopic and specular and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction. Analysis of the atomic force microscopy images shows the presence of isolated pyramidal CdTe islands indicating that the quantum dots follow the Volmer-Weber growth mode. The X-ray diffraction results show that despite a large mismatch (19%) the islands grow epitaxially, following the [111] substrate orientation. The X-ray measurements make also possible the determination of the vertical and lateral dimensions of the islands and the observation that some islands are rotated by 30o degrees in the growth plane. / Neste trabalho, foi feita a caracterização estrutural e morfológica de pontos quânticos e filmes ultrafinos de CdTe crescidos sobre substrato de Si(111) passivado com hidrogênio. As amostras foram crescidas por epitaxia de paredes quentes e caracterizadas por microscopia de força atômica e difração de raios- especular e incidência rasante.As analises das imagens de microscopia de força atômica mostram a existência de ilhas isoladas de formato piramidal, mostrando que o crescimento segue o modo Volmer-Weber. As medidas de difração de raios-X, mostram que apesar do considerável descasamento do parâmetro de rede (19%) as ilhas crescem epitaxialmente, seguindo a direção cristalográfica [111] do substrato de silício. A analise cuidadosa das medidas de difração com incidência rasante permite determinar as dimensões lateral e vertical dos pontos quânticos e a observar existência de uma pequena quantidade de pontos quânticos girados de 30º no plano de crescimento.

In Sweden, prefabrication in the construction industry is a very common system. In prefabricated structures, there are various kinds of connections and generally many hinged connections. Therefore, it is of high interest to study the behavior of the prefabricated buildings in relation to the connections. Two main theories that can be used to evaluate our structures are the non-linear finite element analysis (NLFEA) and the second order effects. These two theories help to study the real behavior of the structures. Software that can apply these two theories is the ATENA-GiD. Therefore, it was very interesting to explore this software and find out how it can be used for prefabricated buildings. For this reason, a simplified ten-storey building was studied which had been also used in Lindwall’s and Wester’s (2016) master thesis. Various cases were chosen for this building. The building was studied either with monolithic walls or with vertical slip connection between the prefabricated walls. Also, the hollow core (HC) slabs were modelled in two ways and the supports of the columns were modelled in three ways. Even when each slab was modelled with two materials (solid concrete for the upper and lower layer with smeared reinforcement for the lower layer and modified concrete in order to compensate for the voids), the increase in the time for analysis was not important. Also, the cracking was not extensive thanks to the relatively low wind load. The slip joint between the walls didn’t lead to the different displacement between the walls. It was found that the hinged support in the columns was modelled by using the upwind line of the base. In non-linear analysis cases, the model of the structure gave 20% larger displacements than in linear analysis cases which means that the cracking had an important influence on the second order effects despite that the cracking was not extensive. The reduction of the stiffness of the walls to 40% accounting for cracked sections in additional linear analyses to according to the Eurocode 2 was a conservative choice for this building. The most remarkable result was that when the supports of the columns were modelled with hinges there was smaller displacement than when the supports were fixed. The reason for this was the negative displacements due to the buckling of the columns of the first storey. Moreover, for the linear cases, there was a much smaller displacement (5mm) than Lindwall and Wester (2016) (17mm) and this was possibly due to the way that the hinges were modelled in my building. It is interesting to investigate other ways to model the hinges in ATENA-GiD as well as other ways to model the connections between the HC slabs and the perimetric beams. Also, the effect of creep through the modulus of elasticity could be analyzed. Finally, it would be interesting to include foundations in the model to study the possible need for anchorages.

Patients suffering from transsexualism (TS) who apply for sex reassignment surgery (SRS) go through a complex evaluation process before being accepted for treatment. In general, the results from SRS are satisfying. However, further knowledge is needed to clearly delineate transsexualism from other related gender identity disorders (GID) and to improve the selection of candidates for SRS. Personality has for a long time been considered as the key concept for that purpose but systematic studies using reliable instruments are lacking. The present study aims at improving the assessment procedure, validating the concept of transsexualism and studying the outcome of SRS and important prognostic factors. Two methodological studies deal with the development and validation of two self-report instruments based on DSM-III-R: SCID screen covering Axis II personality disorders/traits and Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF-scale, Axis V). SCID screen diagnoses of personality disorders (PD) were compared with diagnoses from independent structured interviews by means of the SCID-II. The overall kappa in identifying a PD was 0.78 varying from 0.34 to 0.81 for the specific PDs when cut-off was adjusted. When applied to a group of GID-patients SCID screen diagnoses agreed well with clinical diagnoses (kappa 0.77). Self-report of the GAF also proved to be a reliable (overall Pearson r=0.62) and useful method and the study lends further support to the validity of Axis V. In three papers a group of 19 transsexuals was studied by means of a) SCID screen to examine their personality in a dimensional and traditional categorical way, b) the GAF-scale to study psychosocial functioning, c) Structural Analysis of Social Behavior (SASB) to examine self-image and d) Defense Mechanism Test (DMT) to analyze psychological defense structures from a psychodynamic perspective. Patients with atypical gender identity disorders (GIDAANT) and patients with borderline personality disorders as well as healthy subjects were used as contrast groups. Among the transsexuals 10 out of 19 had an additional axis I disorder and 37% had at least one PD, predominantly within cluster B. When analyzed dimensionally according to SCID screen, frequent subthreshold personality pathology was found and biological women fulfilled more axis II criteria than men. TS had less axis I and II pathology compared with GIDAANT and psychiatric patients. According to SASB, TS had a positive self-image with both self-control and spontaneous self and predominating self-love. They appeared significantly more healthy on self-image measures than GIDAANT patients. The DMT revealed a different pattern; TS patients were more disturbed in several areas than patients with borderline personality disorder. TS showed no ”emotional investment” and poorer reality orientation in contrast to both healthy controls and the borderline group but shared a similar pregenital pathology with the borderline patients. Finally, five-year outcome was studied among the transsexuals from a multidimensional approach (e.g. work, interpersonal relations, partnership, subjective opinion) and related to index- measurements on DSM-III-R, SCID screen, GAF, SASB and DMT. Based on combined outcome variables, 68% of the subjects were judged to have improved and 16% had an unsatisfactory outcome. One single case regretted the sex change. SCID screen pathology and SASB disturbances emerged as significant predictors for negative outcome, as well as male biological sex and lack of partnership. It was concluded, that although outcome is in general very favorable, the instruments under investigation, in particular SCID screen and SASB, revealed valuable prognostic information and they are suggested to become part of the future routine assessment of candidates for SRS. / <p>Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 1995, härtill 6 uppsatser.</p> / digitalisering@umu

京都大学 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(農学) / 乙第13458号 / 論農博第2899号 / 新制||農||1088(附属図書館) / 学位論文||R3||N5362(農学部図書室) / (主査)教授 小川 順, 教授 阪井 康能, 教授 栗原 達夫 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Im industriellen Bereich erfolgt die Energiebereitstellung auf thermischer, wie elektrischer Seite zunehmend mittels hocheffizienter Kraft-Wärme-Koppelung (KWK). Konventionelle KWK-Anlagen ohne Dampfturbine (DT) verfügen technologiebedingt über eine relativ starre, lastabhängige Stromkennzahl. Damit kann eine wärme- und/oder stromseitige Volatilität schlecht kompensiert werden ohne die jeweils gekoppelte Größe zu beeinflussen. Der integrierte Gas-Dampf-Prozess (GiD-Prozess) zeichnet sich aufgrund der halboffenen Prozessgestaltung durch eine anlagentechnisch sehr einfache Bauweise und damit gegenüber einer klassischen Gas und Dampf-Prozess (GuD)-Anlage geringeren Investitions- und Wartungskosten aus. Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit der Analyse des lastabhängigen Betriebsverhaltens des integrierter Gas-Dampf-Prozess (GiD)-Prozesses unter Berücksichtigung der Teillastfähigkeit und erreichbarer Lastgradienten. Hierzu werden umfangreiche Versuchsfahrten des Versuchskraftwerks am Zentrum für Energietechnik (ZET) der TU Dresden dargelegt und analysiert. Die Versuche werden durch transiente Systemsimulationen auf Komponentenebene der Kraftwerksanlage nachvollzogen und Erkenntnisse zu dem Effekt der Lastgradienten auf heißgasbeaufschlagte Bauteile gewonnen.

The DSM-IV-TR diagnosis Gender Identity Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (GID NOS) is used to describe individuals who have gender issues but do not meet the current criteria for GID. As part of a consensus process conducted by the World Professional Association for Transgender Health, the authors make the following recommendations for DSM 5: removal from the chapter on sexual disorders, more specific diagnostic criteria, retention of clinical significance criteria, and removal of exclusionary criteria of Intersex/Disorders of Sex Development. Changes to the existing clinical examples were also recommended, suggesting additional clinical examples that encompass a broader range of gender-variance and more commonly found transgender presentations. The diagnosis must reflect the severity of the clinical issues that represent legitimate identity experiences and possible need for gender-confirming treatments.

Notre thèse de doctorat présente trois études menées en 2011, qui croisent et distinguent le niveau d’apprenance, le sexe et le rapport aux normes du genre de 779 étudiant-e-s en école d’ingénieur-e-s, ceci afin d’évaluer les liens pouvant exister entre ces différentes variables ainsi que leurs effets en contexte d’apprentissage. Sous le postulat que les variations de l’apprenance ne sont pas aléatoires, et qu’existent en dehors des dispositions personnelles, des éléments externes liés aux contextes sociaux et qui ont des effets sur les attitudes des sujets vis-à-vis de l’apprentissage, nous avons décidé d’étendre notre questionnement de départ sur l’apprenance aux liens qu’il pourrait y avoir entre l’apprenance, le sexe d’état civil des sujets et leur rapport aux normes du genre dans des contextes scientifiques d’écoles d’ingénieur-e-s que sont l’Ecole Centrale Paris (ECP), « L’EPF, école d’ingénieurs » anciennement Ecole Polytechnique Féminine (EPF), et Sup’Galilée, qui présentent une spécificité de sexe et un prestige variables. / Our doctoral thesis presents three studies conducted in 2011, which intersect and distinguish the level of learnance, sex and the gender norms of 779 students in engineering school, in order to assess the links that may exist between these variables and their impact on learning environment. Under the assumption that changes in learnance are not random, and that exist outside the personal dispositions, external elements related to social contexts and that affect the attitude of subjects of learning, we decided to extend our initial questioning of learnance to links between learnance, sex and their relation to gender norms in engineer schools that are Ecole Centrale Paris (ECP), "the EPF engineering school" Ecole Polytechnique Feminine formerly (EPF) and Sup'Galilée which have a specific gender variables and prestige.

Att bygga hus är ett stort projekt, ofta är huset tänkt att bli ett hem eller en investering. Oavsett bör det vara en plats väl utformad för människan. Belastning på planeten är stor vid bygge både när det gäller utsläpp eller naturpåverkan.  Lösningarna styrs ofta av ekonomi där kompromisser dras över estetik, ekologi och anpassning till miljön runtomkring.   Detta projekt utgår ifrån flera aspekter av FN:s globala mål där undersökningar står till grund över vad man kan göra inom ramarna för teknik och funktioner.  Huset ska vara ett mindre fritidshus som ska kunna byggas off-grid, alltså utanför elnät med metoder som belastar miljön så lite som möjligt. Ett koncept ska tas fram med en modern stilren arkitektur.  Naturen står som utgångspunkt med mål att röras och påverkas så lite som möjligt.

Le challenge de ces prochaines années est de réduire le plus possible les émissions de CO2 qui la première cause du réchauffement climatique. L’émission de CO2 est principalement due à l’utilisation du moteur thermique dans le milieu du transport. Pour diminuer cette émission, la solution réside à utiliser des véhicules électriques qui sont non polluants et rechargés par des sources émettant le moins possible de CO2. Mais cela impliquerait une production supplémentaire d’énergie. Aujourd’hui l’énergie électrique est produite principalement par des centrales thermiques au niveau mondial, des centrales nucléaires enFrance et des centrales hydrauliques au Québec. Les pics d’utilisations et de productions restant une problématique posant encore beaucoup de problèmes.Une utilisation croissante de véhicules électriques ou hybrides rechargeables permettrait de pouvoir disposer de systèmes de stockage d’énergie, permettant à la fois d’alimenter le moteur électrique du véhicule ou d’aider le réseau électriques. Ce flux est appelé Vehicle-to-Grid ou plus précisément dans le travail présenté ici, ce flux s’appelle Vehicle-to-Home. Alimenter la maison via la batterie du véhicule, permet de diminuer le pic de consommation du foyer. De plus, la batterie du véhicule peut être chargée durant la nuit lorsque la production d’énergie est au plus bas et la moins chère.Ce document présente une optimisation offline du système qui inclut les différents flux d’énergie. Cette optimisation a été réalisée à l’aide de la programmation dynamique. L’objectif de cette optimisation est de minimiser le coût de l’énergie que ce soit le coût de l’essence ou de l’électricité ou encore des énergies renouvelables installées localement.Ensuite deux contrôleurs flous localisés dans le véhicule et dans la maison ont été dimensionnés, testés par simulation (simulation online) et validés expérimentalement.Finalement cette recherche a mis en avant deux cas d’études: un en hivers et l’autre en été. Le cas d’hiver présente une réduction budgétaire de 40% dans la simulation offline, 27% dans la simulation online et 29% en expérimentation. D’autre part, le cas d’été montre une réduction budgétaire de 62% dans la simulation offline, 60% dans la simulation online et 64% en expérimentation. / The challenge for the next few years is to reduce CO2 emissions, which are the cause of global climate warming. CO2 emissions are mainly due to thermal engines used in transportation. To decrease this emission, a viable solution lies in using non-polluting electric vehicles recharged by low CO2 emission energy sources. New transportation penetration has effected on energy production. Energy production has already reached peaks. At the same time, load demand has drastically increased. Hence, it has become imperative to increase daily energy production. It is well-known that world energy production is mainly produced thermal pollutant power plants, except in Québec, where energy is produced by hydro power plants.The more recent electricity utility trend is that electric, and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (EV, PHEV) could allow storage and/or production of energy. EV/PHEV batteries can supply the electric motor of the vehicle, and act as an energy storage that assists the grid to supply household loads. This power flow is called vehicle-to-grid, V2G. In this dissertation, the V2G power flow is specifically called vehicle-to-home, V2H. That is battery is used during peak. Moreover, the EV battery is charged during the night, when energy production is low and cheap. This important aspect of V2H is that the vehicle battery is not connected to the grid, but is a part of a house micro-grid.This dissertation presents an offline optimization technique, which includes different energy flows, between the home, EV/PHEV, and a renewable energy source (such as photovoltaic - PV and/or wind) which forms the micro-grid. This optimization has been realized through the dynamic programming algorithm. The optimization objective is to minimize energy cost, including fuel cost, electricity cost, and renewable energy cost.Two fuzzy logic controllers, one located in the vehicle and the second one in the house, have been designed, tested by simulation (online simulation) and validated by experiments.The research analyses two seasonal case studies: one in winter and the other one in summer. In the winter case, a cost reduction of 40% for the offline simulation, 27% for the online simulation and 29% for the experiment is realized whereas in the summer case a cost reduction of 62% for the offline simulation, 60% for the online simulation and 64% for the experiment is presented.

Co-doped ZnO (ZnO:Co) thin film with room temperature ferromagnetism and spin polarized carriers is one of the advance materials and highly applicable in future development in spintronics. When ZnO:Co films deposited by a £_ growth method in a ion sputtering system, low solubility of Co (3.75%) limits further applications such that a single-guns sputtering thin film growth technique is employed in this study to outreach this limitation. A ZnO:Co bulk with 5 at% of Co was formed by a solid reaction method and used as a target. ZnO:Co films were grown in a single-gun RF sputtering system. However, all films grown at room temperature were insulator which might because sufficient oxygen content in the target and the negative charge of oxygen ion moving toward substrate making the films of full oxygen content. In this study, the post annealing in vacuum environment and the deposition of films in hydrogenation environment are conducted to try to produce various level of oxygen vacancies in the films for understanding the interplay between the oxygen vacancies and the electric transport and magnetic coupling. The present experiment contains two parts: (1) grow films with various thicknesses by controlling deposition time and then applying post annealing process, and (2) grow the films in oxygen reduced environment by introducing hydrogen during growth and taking out partial oxygen content in the plasma and the films. In the first part, the grain sizes of the films are near constant while the crystal quality is improved with the thickness of films. The worse crystal quality of grains, the better the electric transport and the stronger the magnetic coupling after post annealing processes. This indicates that the electric transport and magnetic coupling could be improved when the thin films was formed by crystals with certain disordering and contained a certain level of oxygen vacancies. In the second part, the introduced hydrogen may combine with the oxygen sputtered out from the target before deposition on substrates. It means that the films are grown in oxygen deficient conditions and result in various degrees of oxygen vacancies. Zn clusters precipitate in films when the concentration of hydrogen is over 20%, and at the meantime, they increase the conductivity and suppress the magnetic coupling in the films. These discoveries provide new perspective in understand the electric transport and ferromagnetism mechanics in DMS materials.