This study centered on adolescent self-mutilation as well as possible forms of support and prevention. The information was gathered by assessing the needs of the adolescent girls who self-mutilate by means of semi-structured interviews. In these interviews the adolescent girls expressed their experiences of self-mutilation and their emotional needs. The aim of the study was to explore and describe the needs of adolescent girls who self-mutilate in order to develop guidelines of support so that parents may feel less helpless and overwhelmed. The findings of the study indicated that there are various reasons why an adolescent would engage in selfmutilation, that it serves a function in the adolescents’ lives and surfaces at times of emotional crisis. This study found further that a lack of problem-solving skills, coping abilities and social skills could play a role in whether an adolescent chooses to self-mutilate. / Social Work / M. Diac. (Play therapy)

This study elucidates the feelings and the experiences by working with the complex of problems of self-injurious behaviour, of six professionals. The purpose with this study has been to examine the feelings and the experiences of the professionals, coming up when they meet and treat young girls with self-injurious behaviour. The empirical basis of this study is built on interviews of six female professionals, working in the County of Kalmar. The statements of the informants were analyzed out of Goffman’s Role Theory and the norm perspective on social behaviour. Through the interviews we saw that the professionals act out of the rolls that they are expected to. There are expectations from the colleagues, from the clients and from the community that every professional handles in an individual manner. The way they handle the problematic situations varies between persons and depends on the character of the circumstances. The result shows that the work of the professionals arouses many feelings. It varies what kind of feelings they experiences but they do feel fear, powerlessness, sadness, happiness and most of all frustration. They handle their feelings through tutorial, support from the co-workers and through reflection.

published_or_final_version / History / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / English Studies / Master / Master of Arts

published_or_final_version / Social Work and Social Administration / Master / Master of Social Sciences

<p>This study elucidates the feelings and the experiences by working with the complex of problems of self-injurious behaviour, of six professionals. The purpose with this study has been to examine the feelings and the experiences of the professionals, coming up when they meet and treat young girls with self-injurious behaviour. The empirical basis of this study is built on interviews of six female professionals, working in the County of Kalmar. The statements of the informants were analyzed out of Goffman’s Role Theory and the norm perspective on social behaviour. Through the interviews we saw that the professionals act out of the rolls that they are expected to. There are expectations from the colleagues, from the clients and from the community that every professional handles in an individual manner. The way they handle the problematic situations varies between persons and depends on the character of the circumstances. The result shows that the work of the professionals arouses many feelings. It varies what kind of feelings they experiences but they do feel fear, powerlessness, sadness, happiness and most of all frustration. They handle their feelings through tutorial, support from the co-workers and through reflection.</p>

This descriptive study compared life events in the lives of pregnant (n = 23) and non-pregnant (n = 23) adolescents using a developmental model. A 51-item life events checklist adapted from Robbins (1981) and Johnson and McCutcheon (1980) was used to identify occurrence and perception (good or bad) of life events. Mean ages were 17.3 (pregnant) an 17.0 (non-pregnant). Ethnic representation was Hispanic (n = 28), Anglo (n = 14), American Indian (n = 2), and Black (n = 2). One pregnant and seven non-pregnant adolescents were employed. Thirty-nine adolescents lived with their parents, and seven lived on their own. Pregnancy of sister or close friend, an increased number of arguments between parents, a change in parents' financial status, and trouble with brother or sister were reported by more than 50% of the total. No significant difference existed in either the total number or perception of life events between groups. In addition, the developmental adaptation categories revealed no significant statistical difference.

Darbo objektas - kognityvinės funkcijos. Darbo tikslas - nustatyti moteriškų lytinių hormonų įtaką šokėjų (16-20 metų) kognityvinėms fukcijoms. Darbo uždaviniai: 1. Nustatyti ir palyginti šokėjų merginų dėmesį skirtingų menstruacijų fazių metu. 2. Nustatyti ir palyginti šokėjų merginų atmintį skirtingų menstruacijų fazių metu. 3. Nustatyti ir palyginti šokėjų merginų vykdomąsias funkcijas skirtingų menstruacijų fazių metu. Išvados: 1. Nustatėme, kad šokėjų paprastoji reakcija nepriklauso nuo menstruacijų fazių, tačiau sudėtingos reakcijos rodikliai buvo geresni ovuliacinės fazės metu. 2. Šokėjų verbalinės ir darbinės atmintis rodikliai priklauso nuo estrogeno kiekio, tačiau aktyvus išmokimas ir atmintis nesiskyrė folikulinės ir ovoliacinės fazių metu. 3. Šokėjų erdvinio suvokimo ir vykdomosios funkcijos rezultatai buvo geresni ovuliacinės fazės metu, tačiau išmokimo slopinimo ir strategijų plėtojimo rodikliai skirtingų menstruacijų fazių metu (folikulinė ir ovuliacinė) nesiskyrė. / The research object – cognitive functions. The aim of research – to assess the influence of female sex hormones on dancers’ (16-20 years old) cognitive functions. The objectives: 1. To identify and compare the attention of girls dancers during different menstrual phases. 2. To identify and compare the memory of girls dancers during different menstrual phases. 3. To identify and compare the executive functions of girls dancers during different menstrual phases. Conclusions: 1. It has been ascertained that the reaction and accuracy of girls dancers during attention tests do not depend on menstrual phase. The ordinary reaction does not differ but the complex reaction is better durning the ovulatory phase. 2. The indicators of verbal and working memory were better during ovulatory then follicular phase, but the learning and memory were similar during different menstrual phases in dancers. 3. The indicators of spatial procesing and executive function were better during during ovulatory phase but strategy development, execution and inhibition did not differ during different menstrual phases in dancers.

Memes are a popular source of online media. As such, they become tools that can distribute racialized and gendered narratives. While memes are often a source of shaming and devaluing Black girls, my research also explores how they can be used as tools to counter and disidentify with narratives. Using Hip-Hop feminism and trap feminism as frameworks, I analyze several memes to not only exemplify the hegemonic narratives of Black girlhood that circulate via memes, but to illuminate the possibilities for resistance and transformation via this technology.

My essay has three foci. One is the presentation of a survey I gave to two groups of pupils, one grade 7 and the other grade 8 about their attitude to reading books in school, and their attitude to reading books in general. I was interested in how the result would correspond to what many investigations on this subject had concluded. One such result was that girls were usually not only more willing to read, but they were also better readers than boys. Therefore, the answerers must tell if they were boys or girls. The result of my investigation rather corroborated what many others had already said: Swedish young people are not enthusiastic book readers, but when reading, the girls are the ones that take the lead. Another focus is in a way historical. I used a novel by a Swedish author telling about poor people on the Swedish countryside in the nineteenth century dreaming of being able to emigrate from their home country and come to America. What interests me is the story telling of the attitude to reading, both in the characters and the authorities. There is much about reading incapacities, but also of lust for, and skill in reading. The attitudes from the authorities is dominated by churchly paternalism: reading skill in ordinary people has one primary function, to make them good Christians. This common value-system is fixed by the didactic curricula of the time. My third focus is the Swedish curricula especially in what they say about reading and literature. I thought I found that they have at least something in common with the curricula of mid-nineteenth century than might be expected. The older ones have what could be seen as an instrumental attitude to reading and such an attitude I thought could be perceived also in the modern ones: they seem to be eager to point out the usefulness of reading in general and even of reading literature. Another point would be the great importance attached to the strengthening of the common value-system, here, not Christian belief, but a democratic ground of values. In my study of what is said about reading in school by people discussing the subject, and when looking at the result of my own investigation by the questionnaire I very often find a similar instrumental attitude: all reading, be it fact or fiction, is expected to lead to something useful not just pleasure.