Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:37:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 YURI PONTES MACIEL.pdf: 3993729 bytes, checksum: a06d968ea944e726fa6263339ad70976 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-06 / This paper describes by theoretical conceptualization and pratical experiences two relevant themes of electrical engineering and communications: software defined radio and the Brazilian digital television standard. This paper develops a specific modulator aimed to the portable reception of this digital television system, many times denominated as oneseg reception, by means of computational algorithms developed in the C++ programming language. These algorithms are executed in a development environment named GNU Radio, a open-source tool. Computer simulations are made to prove the correct behaviour of the project. Finnaly the modulator is implemented by means of a development kit of software defined radio then chained to a real communication system, thus proving its practical operation. It is also possible to verify the versatility of the software defined radio, changing the modulator parameters in a fast and easy fashion. / Este trabalho aborda por meio de conceituação teórica e experiências práticas dois temas relevantes da engenharia elétrica e de comunicações: rádios definidos por software e o padrão de televisão digital usado no Brasil. Este trabalho desenvolve um modulador específico para recepção portátil deste sistema de televisão digital, muitas vezes chamada de recepção one-seg, por meio da elaboração de algoritmos computacionais feitos na linguagem de programação C++. Estes algoritmos por sua vez são executados em um ambiente de desenvolvimento chamado GNU Radio, uma ferramenta do tipo open-source. Simulações computacionais são feitas de modo a comprovar o funcionamento do projeto. Finalmente o modulador é implementado em um kit de desenvolvimento de rádio definido por software e então encadeado em um sistema de comunicação real, assim comprovando o seu funcionamento prático. É possível também verificar a versatilidade do rádio definido por software, alterando as configurações do modulador de maneira rápida e prática.

The exponential growth of research and deployment of 5G networks has led to an increased interest in massive Machine Type Communications (mMTC), as we are on the quest to connect all devices. This can be attributed to the constant development of long-distance and low-powered Internet-of- Things (IoT) technologies, or, Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) technologies such as Long-Range (LoRa) and Narrow Band- IoT (NB-IoT). These technologies are gaining prominence in the IoT domain as the number of LPWAN connected devices has doubled from 2018 to 2019. This increase in devices warrants a proportional number of gateways to push the data to the Internet for further analytics. The traditional LPWAN architectures do not provide dynamic scaling of resources or energy-efficient solutions. Thus, a Cloud-Native (CN) split architecture based on the functional characteristics of the components is a necessity. In this work, a software-based implementation of the LoRa stack on GNU Radio is designed and implemented using Software-Defined Radio (SDR). The LoRa gateway is implemented in software completely, replicating the functions of the hardware for communicating with any LoRa Network Server. Several experiments with different setups have been performed on the testbed to measure the resource utilization and packet delay of the LoRa Physical (PHY) and Medium Access Control (MAC) layers. Also, the testbed has been moved into Docker containers to emulate a cloud-based platform and make the transition faster. Higher throughput and lower delay (Improvement in the range of 1.3x - 6.7x) were recorded upon splitting the testbed into Radio Head (RH) and Edge containers. Finally, three potential functional split architectures including the gateway have been discussed while providing a fair trade-off between pooling gain and consumed bandwidth for a CN split architecture. / Den exponentiella tillväxten av forskning och distribution av 5G-nät har lett till ett ökat intresse för massive Machine Type Communicationsn (mMTC) eftersom vi är på jakt att ansluta alla enheter. Detta kan tillskrivas den ständiga utvecklingen av långdistans- och lågdrivna Internet-of-Things-teknologier (IoT) -teknologier, eller, Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) tekniker som Long-Range (LoRa) och Narrow Band- IoT (NB-IoT). Dessa teknologier blir framträdande inom IoT-domänen eftersom antalet LPWAN-anslutna enheter har fördubblats från 2018 till 2019. Denna ökning av enheterna motiverar ett proportionellt antal portar för att driva data till Internet för ytterligare analys. De traditionella LPWAN-arkitekturerna ger inte dynamisk skalning av resurser eller energieffektiva lösningar. Således är en moln-infödd delad arkitektur baserad på funktionernas egenskaper hos komponenterna en nödvändighet. I detta arbete designas och implementeras en programvarubaserad implementering av LoRa-stacken på GNU Radio med hjälp av Software- Defined Radio (SDR). LoRa-gatewayen implementeras i mjukvara fullständigt, vilket replikerar maskinvarans funktioner för att kommunicera med någon LoRaNetwork Server. Flera experiment med olika inställningar har utförts på testbädden för att mäta resursutnyttjandet och paketfördröjningen för LoRa Physical (PHY) och Medium Access Control (MAC) -skikten. Testbädden har också flyttats in i Docker-behållare för att emulera en molnbaserad plattform och göra övergången snabbare. Högre genomströmning och lägre fördröjning (Förbättring inom intervallet 1,3x - 6,7x) registrerades vid uppdelning av testbädden i Radio Head (RH) och Edge containrar. Slutligen har tre potentiella funktionella splitarkitekturer inklusive gateway diskuterats samtidigt som det ger en rättvis avvägning mellan pooling av vinst och förbrukad bandbredd.

The Internet of Things holds great promises for the future. In the smart cities of tomorrow, wireless connectivity of everyday objects is deemed essential in ensuring efficient and sustainable use of vital, yet limited resources such as water, electricity and food. However, radio communication at the required scale does not come easily. Bandwidth is yet another limited resource that must be used efficiently so that wireless infrastructure for different IoT applications can coexist. Keeping up with the digitalization of modern society is difficult for wireless researchers and developers. The Software-Defined Radio (SDR) is a technology that allows swift prototyping and development of wireless systems by moving traditional hardware-based radio building blocks into the software domain. For developers looking to be on the bleeding edge of wireless technology, and thus keep up with the rapid digitalization, the SDR is a must. Many SDR systems consist of a radio peripheral that handles tasks such as amplification, AD/DA-conversion and resampling that are common to all wireless communication systems. The application-specific work is done in software at the baseband or an intermediate frequency by a host PC connected to the peripheral. That may include PHY-related processing such as the use of a specific modulation scheme as well as higher-layer tasks such as switching. While this setup does provide great flexibility and ease-of-use, it is not without its drawbacks. Many communication protocols specify a so-called round-trip time and devices wishing to adhere to the protocol must be able to respond to any transmission within that time. The link between the host and the peripheral is a major cause of latency and limits the use of many software-defined radio systems to proof-of-concept implementations and early prototyping since it prevents the round-trip time from being fulfilled. Overcoming the latency in the link would allow the flexibility of SDRs to be brought into field applications.This thesis aims to offload the link between the host PC and the radio peripheral in a typical SDR system. Selected parts IEEE 802.15.4, a wireless standard designed for IoT applications, were implemented by using unused programmable logic aboard the peripheral as a co-processor in order to reduce the amount of data that gets sent on the link. Frame success rate and round-trip time measurements were made and compared to measurements from a reference design without any co-processing in the radio peripheral. The co-processing greatly reduced traffic on the link while achieving a similar frame success rate as the reference design. In terms of round-trip time, the co-processing actually caused the latency to increase. Furthermore, the measurements from the coprocessing system showed a counter-intuitive behavior where the round-trip time decreased as the rate of the generated test frames increased. This unusual behavior is most likely due to internal buffer mechanisms of the operating system on the host PC. Further investigation is required in order to bring down the response time to a level more suitable for field applications. / Sakernas Internet, The Internet of Things (IoT), utlovar stora saker inom en snar framtid. I morgondagens smarta städer är trådlös uppkoppling av vardagliga ting en viktig komponent för effektiv och hållbar användning av begränsade resurser såsom vatten, elektricitet och mat. Desvärre är radiokommunikation i den skala som krävs en tuff utmaning. Bandbredd är ytterligare en begränsad resurs som måste användas effektivt så att trådlös infrastruktur för olika IoTapplikationer kan samexistera. Att hänga med i takten för det moderna samhällets digitalisering är svårt för forskare och utvecklare inom trådlösa system. Den mjukvarudefinierade radion, Software-Defined Radio (SDR), är en teknik som möjliggör smidig utveckling av trådlösa system. Grunden i tekniken är att flytta traditionella hårdvarubaserade byggblock för radio in i mjukvarudomänen. För utvecklare som vill befinna sig i framkanten för trådlösa system, och på så vis hålla takt med den snabba digitaliseringen, är SDR ett måste. Många SDR system består av en extern radiomodul som hanterar sådant som är gemensamt för de flesta trådlösa system, exempelvis förstärkning, AD/DA-omvandling och omsampling. Applikationsspecifik funktionalitet sköts av mjukvara i basbandet eller på en mellanfrekvens där mjukvaran körs på en PC. Ett SDR-system bestående av en PC med en extern radiomodul ger användaren stor flexibilitet men det har sina brister. Många kommunikationsprotokoll anger en så kallad Round-Trip Time (RTT). Enheter som strävar efter att följa protokollet måste kunna svara på alla meddelanden inom den tiden som angetts som RTT. Länken mellan PC:n och radiomodulen är en stor bidragare till fördröjningar och begränsar användandet av SDR till konceptuella tester och tidiga prototyper efter som fördröjningarna oftar innebär ett brott mot protokollets RTT. Om problemet med fördröjningar kan undvikas skulle SDR kunna användas i fältapplikationer med all den flexibilitet som SDR innebär och därmed bli ett kraftfullt utvecklingsverktyg för forskare och utvecklare inom området.Det här arbetet avser att avlasta länken mellan PC:n och radiomodulen i ett typiskt SDR system. Utvalda delar av IEEE 802.15.4, en standard för trådlös kommunikation inom IoT, implementerades med hjälp av programmerbar logik på USRP:n så att de flesta samplingarna konsumeras innan länken. Antalet framgångsrikt mottagna ramar samt RTT mättes och jämfördes med en referensdesign där samtliga beräkningar hanteras av PC:n. Användandet av den programmerbara logiken ledde till mycket reducerade datamängder på länken utan nämnvärd förändring i antalet framgångsrikt mottagna ramar jämfört med referensdesignen. Dock, vart fördröjningarna i systemet större när den programmerbara logiken användes. Dessutom visade systemet ett oväntat beteende där fördröjningen minskade under när trycket från den trådlösa trafiken ökade. Detta märkliga beteende beror högst troligt på interna buffermekanismer i operativsystemet i PC:n. Fortsatt utredning krävs innan fördröjningarna kan reduceras till en nivå som passar för fältapplikationer.

This paper will present the hardware system design, development, and plan for implementation of a wireless transceiver for The Learning Labs 5000 (TLL5000) educational platform. The project is a collaborative effort by Vanessa Canac, Atif Habib, and Jason Perkey to design and implement a complete wireless system including physical hardware, physical layer (PHY-layer) modulation and filters, error correction, drivers and user-interface software. While there are a number of features available on the TLL5000 for a wide variety of applications, there is currently no system in place for transmitting data wirelessly from one circuit board to another. The system proposed in this report is comprised of an external transceiver that communicates with a software application running on the TLL-SILC 6219 ARM9 processor that is interfaced with the TLL5000 baseboard. The details of a reference design, the hardware from the GNU Radio project, are discussed as a baseline and source of information. The state of the project and hardware design is presented as well as the specific portions of the project to which Jason Perkey made significant contributions. / text

Orientador: Prof. Dr. Carlos Eduardo Capovilla / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Elétrica, 2017. / Com a evolução dos meios de comunicação e a constante necessidade por altas taxas de transferencia de dados, a comunicação sem fio torna-se constantemente o principal e favorito meio para as mais diversas aplicações. Por aliar agilidade, desempenho e facilidade de instalação, é frequentemente encontrada em sistemas de controle, áudio e televisão, acesso a internet, etc. Porém, devido as imperfeições e ruído no canal, essa comunicação requer uma eficiente modulação e uma adequada proteção contra erros na transmissao dos dados. A versão IEEE 802.11g, presente em praticamente todos sistemas de comunicação moderno e amplamente difundido pelas redes conhecidas como WiFi surge como perfeita solução, pois permite alinhar técnicas robustas e efcientes, como a modulação OFDM e a codificação Convolucional. Alinhado ao conceito digital e a forma dinamica que a comunicação sem fio proporciona, o conceito de SDR (Software Dened Radio), torna-se uma interessante e poderosa ferramenta com a possibilidade de simulação e implementação de transceptores para diversas aplicaçõess em um único dispositivo. Assim, este projeto de mestrado tem como objetivo o estudo e testabilidade de um sistema IEEE 802.11g de comunicação sem fio utilizando dispositivo SDR, com foco em sistemas eficientes e de baixo custo, para fazer a interface entre o meio físico e o ambiente de processamento do sinal digital. / With the advancements of communication technology and the constant need for high rates of data transfer, wireless communication is consistently the main and favorite option for the most kind of applications. By combining agility, performance and fast installation, it is often found in control systems, audio and television systems, internet access, etc. However, due to the imperfections and noise in the channel, this communication requires an eficient modulation and an adequate protection against errors in the data transmission. The IEEE 802.11g standard, also used in practically all modern communication systems and widely difused by the networks known as WiFi, appears as a perfect solution, since it allows to align robust and eficient techniques such as OFDM modulation and Convolutional coding. Using digital concept and the dynamic behavior of wireless communication, the concept of SDR (Software Dened Radio) becomes an interesting and powerful tool because the possibility of simulation and implementation of transceivers for several applications in a single device. This project aims to make a wireless IEEE 802.11g communication system using Software Defined Radios focusing on low cost radios and high performance to make the interface between the real world and the digital signal processing.

Submitted by Rosa Assis (rosa_assis@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-09-20T19:20:11Z No. of bitstreams: 2 THIAGO MONTANARO SAPIA.pdf: 2974525 bytes, checksum: 7bf36cf4094936e1ee2d72e23c1f7094 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Paola Damato (repositorio@mackenzie.br) on 2017-09-22T13:38:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 THIAGO MONTANARO SAPIA.pdf: 2974525 bytes, checksum: 7bf36cf4094936e1ee2d72e23c1f7094 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-22T13:38:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 THIAGO MONTANARO SAPIA.pdf: 2974525 bytes, checksum: 7bf36cf4094936e1ee2d72e23c1f7094 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-20 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This essay presents theoretical concepts of the Brazilian Digital TV System (SBTVD) and Software De ned Radio (SDR). The purpose of this essay is to implement timing synchronization stages and a channel estimator to enable ISDB-TB reception via RF. Thus, enabling the analysis of the constellations of the received signals. To achieve this goal, it was used SDR concepts and the C++ and Python programming languages. Through the use of the GNU Radio tool, time, frequency and OFDM frame synchronization were implemented. Besides that, a channel estimator was also implemented Computer simulations were carried out to verify the performance of the implementations. / Este trabalho apresenta uma descricão sobre o Sistema Brasileiro de TV Digital (SBTVD) e Software De fined Radio (SDR). O objetivo deste trabalho é implementar um estimador de canal e estágios de sincronismo para receber sinais ISDB-TB via RF. Com isso, sendo possível a análise das constelacões dos sinais recebidos. Para tal, foram utilizados conceitos de SDR e as linguagens de programacão C++ e Python. Por meio da ferramenta aberta GNU Radio, foram realizadas implementacões de sincronismo no tempo, frequência (inteira e fracionária) e de quadro OFDM. Além disso, um estimador de canal foi implementado. Simulacões computacionais foram realizadas para veri ficar o funcionamento das implementacões.

Recent disasters, including the 9/11 terrorist attacks, Hurricane Katrina, the London subway bombings, and the California wildfires, have all highlighted the limitations of current mobile communication systems for public safety first responders. First, in a point-to-point configuration, legacy radio systems used by first responders from differing agencies are often made by competing manufacturers and may use incompatible waveforms or channels. In addition, first responder radio systems, which may be licensed and programmed to operate in frequency bands allocated within their home jurisdiction, may be neither licensed nor available in forward-deployed disaster response locations, resulting in an operational scarcity of usable frequencies. To address these problems, first responders need smart radio solutions which can bridge these disparate legacy radio systems together, can incorporate new smart radio solutions, or can replace these existing aging radios. These smart radios need to quickly find each other and adhere to spectrum usage and access policies. Second, in an infrastructure configuration, legacy radio systems may not operate at all if the existing communications backbone has been destroyed by the disaster event. A communication system which can provide a new, temporary infrastructure or can extend an existing infrastructure into a shaded region is needed. Smart radio nodes that make up the public safety infrastructure again must be able to find each other, adhere to spectrum usage policies, and provide access to other smart radios and legacy public safety radios within their coverage area. This work addresses these communications problems in the following ways. First, it applies cognitive radio technology to develop a smart radio system capable of rapidly adapting itself so it can communicate with existing legacy radio systems or other smart radios using a variety of standard and customized waveforms. These smart radios can also assemble themselves into an ad-hoc network capable of providing a temporary communications backbone within the disaster area, or a network extension to a shaded communications area. Second, this work analyzes and characterizes a series of rendezvous protocols which enable the smart radios to rapidly find each other within a particular coverage area. Third, this work develops a spectrum sharing protocol that enables the smart radios to adhere to spectral policies by sharing spectrum with other primary users of the band. Fourth, the performance of the smart radio architecture, as well as the performance of the rendezvous and spectrum sharing protocols, is evaluated on a smart radio network testbed, which has been assembled in a laboratory setting. Results are compared, when applicable, to existing radio systems and protocols. Finally, this work concludes by briefly discussing how the smart radio technologies developed in this dissertation could be combined to form a public safety communications architecture, applicable to the FCC's stated intent for the 700 MHz Band. In the future, this work will be extended to applications outside of the public safety community, specifically, to communications problems faced by warfighters in the military. / Ph. D.

Software Defined Radios (SDRs) lend themselves to flexibility and extensibility because they<br />depend on software to implement radio functionality. Cognitive Engines (CEs) introduce<br />intelligence to radio by monitoring radio performance through a set of meters and configuring<br />the underlying radio design by modifying its knobs. In Cognitive Radio (CR) applications,<br />CEs intelligently monitor radio performance and reconfigure them to meet it application<br />and RF channel needs. While the issue of introducing computational knobs and meters<br />is mentioned in literature, there has been little work on the practical issues involved in<br />introducing such computational radio controls.<br /><br />This dissertation decomposes the radio definition to reactive models for the CE domain<br />and real-time, or dataflow models, for the SDR domain. By allowing such design space<br />decomposition, CEs are able to define implementation independent radio graphs and rely on<br />a model transformation layer to transform reactive radio models to real-time radio models<br />for implementation. The definition of knobs and meters in the CE domain is based on<br />properties of the dataflow models used in implementing SDRs. A framework for developing<br />this work is presented, and proof of concept radio applications are discussed to demonstrate<br />how CEs can gain insight into computational aspects of their radio implementation during<br />their reconfiguration decision process.<br /> / Ph. D.

With interoperability issues plaguing emergency responders throughout the country, Cognitive Radio (CR) offers a unique solution to streamline communication between police, Emergency Medical Technicians (EMT), and military officers. Using Software Defined Radio (SDR) technology, a flexible radio platform can be potentially configured using a Cognitive Engine (CE) to transmit and receive many different incompatible radio standards. In this thesis, an interface between a Cognitive Engine and an SDR platform is described which modifies (i.e., configures) the radio's operation. The interface is based upon communicating information via eXtensible Markup Language (XML) data files that contain the radio's Physical (PHY) parameters. The XML data files have been designed such that more development can be made to its structure as this research develops. The GNU Radio and the Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) serve as the SDR platform for an example implementation. The example implementation involves importing XML data files into the SDR for quick configuration. Three configuration examples are used to describe this process. / Master of Science

The thesis work shows the implementation of sensing and communication, so a basic knowledge of analog and digital communication systems is needed to understand this paper Background. With the increase in smart devices, the bandwidth requirements are increased, which created congestion in the radio spectrum resources. To overcome this spectrum congestion, Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) can be used. This can be achieved by using Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) signals. In ISAC, both sensing and communication use the same resources,which in turn predominantly improves the efficiency of the spectrum resources usage and reduces the cost of hardware. Objectives. The main aim of this research is to integrate radar sensing and communication using Software Defined Radios (SDR) and GNU Radio. The goal is to design a signal waveform and a receiver algorithm supporting both sensing and communications and then carry out experiments on an SDR unit to evaluate the functionality and performance. Methods. Experimentation is used in this research and is conducted at Ericsson Research Laboratory. The experiment is divided into three major parts. First, to test the sensing functionalities using Frequency Modulated Continuous Waves (FMCW). Second, to test the communication functionalities using OFDM signals. Third, to design the receiver algorithm and signal waveform for ISAC. To verify the dual functional paradigm, the results from the ISAC are compared with the individual test results of sensing and communications using FMCW and OFDM signals. Results. A receiver algorithm is designed to calculate the sensing range and BER of ISAC using an SDR. The results show the possibility of implementing ISAC using OFDM in GNU Radio with SDR. The thesis project can also be viewed as a proof of concept for ISAC on SDR, helping in providing useful information related to radar sensing and communication using OFDM and performance evaluation. Conclusions. The experimental results show the dual-functional waveform for ISAC, helping in the evolution of 5G and beyond 5G communication systems. The identified drawbacks can be used by future researchers working on advanced 5G mobile communication systems to develop more efficient systems. Keywords: Communications, FMCW, GNU Radio, ISAC, OFDM, SDR, Sensing.