A disciplina Química Analítica Qualitativa (QAQ), no contexto do Departamento de Química (DQ) da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto (FFCLRP), passou ao longo dos anos por uma redução de sua carga horária, que era de 11 horas semanais (1990) para 6 horas semanais (2001). Com a limitação na carga horária de QAQ, alguns grupos analíticos (grupos IV e V Metais Pesados), foram aos poucos, deixando de ser abordados no curso de Licenciatura e Bacharelado em Química, ofertados pelo DQ. Devido à importância destes metais na atualidade, acreditamos que não poderiam ser suprimidos do currículo do nosso curso. Desta forma, elaborou-se uma AOE sobre os grupos analíticos IV e V, que haviam sido retirados da marcha analítica e nesta dissertação o objetivo foi investigar a potencialidade da Atividade Orientadora de Ensino (AOE) como estratégia de ensino-aprendizagem em QAQ. A fundamentação teórica deste trabalho pautou-se nos estudos de Vygotsky sobre atividade e consciência e também na Teoria da Atividade proposta por Leontiev. Participaram da AOE 23 alunos da Licenciatura em Química, regularmente matriculados na disciplina de QAQ, que é oferecida no terceiro semestre do curso. A AOE foi desenvolvida no 1o Semestre de 2013 e incluiu três encontros previamente acordados e inseridos no cronograma da disciplina. Os dois primeiros encontros foram desenvolvidos em duas aulas simples de 1h40, para a discussão teórica acerca do tema central - metais pesados - e consequente método de identificação e separação dos mesmos. Nestes, os alunos desenvolveram uma proposta de rota de separação, pautados em uma notícia acerca da utilização de metais em batons e brilhos labiais. O terceiro encontro foi desenvolvido no laboratório didático experimental, em uma aula dupla de 3h30, na qual os alunos colocaram em prática a rota proposta, ao manipularem uma amostra fictícia dos cosméticos. Os encontros foram vídeos gravados, transcritos e posteriormente analisados a partir do método dialético. A metodologia de pesquisa adotada foi a pesquisa participante. A AOE como metodologia de ensino propiciou a interação entre os alunos da disciplina e o professor/pesquisador. Mobilizou os alunos a buscarem informações que pudessem solucionar os problemas relativos aos metais pesados, bem como articular as mesmas estabelecendo nexos entre elas e assim, conceber os conceitos envolvidos. No momento de discussão, pôde-se notar o favorecimento de nexos relacionados à: toxicidade dos metais e seus efeitos no corpo humano; bioacumulação e biomagnificação, saúde do homem, efeito das ações do homem no meio ambiente, impacto do conhecimento científico na sociedade e ambiente, proposta de identificação e separação, entre outros. Os momentos de fala externa para o grupo favoreceram que os alunos organizassem seu pensamento e sua compreensão dos conceitos. Esta AOE foi inserida na matriz curricular na disciplina e contribuiu para a avaliação dos alunos, que receberam uma nota na forma de Prática como Componente Curricular, item exigido no projeto político pedagógico do curso de Licenciatura em Química. / The Qualitative Analytical Chemistry discipline (QAC), in the context of the Chemistry Department (CD) of the Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto-FFCLRP (School of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto), passed over the years by a reduction of its workload, which used to be 11 hours per week (1990) to 6 hours per week (2001). By limiting the workload of QAC, some analytical groups (groups IV and V - Heavy Metals), were gradually ceasing to be covered in the Chemistry Graduation Course, offered by CD. Due to the importance of these metals at present, we believe that they could not be removed from the curriculum of our course. Thus, a Teaching Guiding Activity (TGA) about the analytical groups IV and V, which had been removed from the analytical procedures, has been elaborated and the objective in this dissertation was to investigate the potential of TGA as a teaching-learning strategy in QAC. The theoretical referential of this work was based on the studies of Vygotsky about activity and consciousness and also on the Activity Theory proposed by Leontiev. It was attended by 23 students of the Chemistry Graduation Course, regularly enrolled in the discipline of QAC, which is offered in the third semester of the course. The TGA was developed in the first semester of 2013, and included three meetings previously agreed into the schedule of the discipline. The two initial meetings were developed in two simple classes of 1h40 to the theoretical discussion concerning the central subject - heavy metals - and consequent separation and identification method of the aforementioned metals. In these meetings, the students developed a proposal for separation, guided by a piece of news about the use of metals in lipsticks and lip gloss. The third meeting was developed in the experimental teaching laboratory, in a double lesson of 3h30, in which the students put into practice the proposed route, by manipulating a fictitious sample of cosmetics. The meetings were recorded, transcribed and later analyzed from the dialectical method. The research methodology used was the participatory research. The TGA as teaching methodology provided the interaction between students of the discipline and the teacher/researcher. It also mobilized the students to search for information that would solve the problems related to heavy metals, as well as articulating such information, fomenting links among them and thus, conceive the concepts involved. At the moment of the discussion, it could be noticed the favoring of links related to: toxicity of metals and its effects in the human body; bioaccumulation and biomagnification, men\'s health, effect of human actions on the environment, impact of scientific knowledge in society and environment, the proposed identification and separation, among others. The moments of external speaking for the group, favored the students to organize their thinking and their understanding of concepts. This TGA was inserted into curriculum in the discipline and contributed to the assessment of students who received a grade in the form of Prática como Componente Curricular (\"Practical Course as Curricular Component\") item required in the political pedagogical project of the Chemistry Graduation Course.

A família é um componente fundamental para o desenvolvimento e socialização infantil. Práticas educativas parentais adequadas e consistentes influenciam positivamente o repertório comportamental e emocional da criança, além do relacionamento intrafamiliar. No entanto, apesar da necessidade de orientar pais ser amplamente mencionada na literatura, há poucas intervenções estruturadas descritas que visem esse objetivo, sobretudo anteriores ao surgimento de queixas clínicas infantis. Mais escassas ainda são as modalidades de orientação de pais que incorporam aspectos cognitivos e emocionais. Este estudo visa contribuir com a aquisição e aprimoramento de práticas educativas parentais adequadas e investir em uma melhor interação familiar, ao propor e investigar o PROPAIS II, um programa de orientação de pais Cognitivo-Comportamental de duração breve. Este se volta para pais de crianças em idade escolar e finalização da educação infantil e enquadra-se no contexto de promoção de saúde, sendo realizada em instituições não governamentais de educação e fortalecimento de vínculos. Participaram do estudo 25 pais ou cuidadores de crianças, de duas instituições não governamentais de grande porte do Interior de São Paulo. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL 6/18 anos), Escalas de Qualidade na Interação Familiar (EQIF-versão pais) e Critério de Classificação Econômica Brasil (CCEB). Os participantes foram submetidos às seis sessões do Programa e duas sessões de testagem, uma anterior e uma posterior ao grupo interventivo. O Programa foi aplicado em grupos, com média de cinco participantes cada, sendo oferecido em seis grupos independentes. Para verificar a efetividade do Programa para os participantes foram realizadas análises quantitativa dos dados comparando os escores pré e pós-intervenção e análise qualitativas dos relatos dos pais nas sessões e na avaliação final, coletadas por registro das falas durante as sessões. O intervalo de confiança adotado para o estudo foi de 95%. Os resultados indicam que os participantes obtiveram melhoras significativas na Interação Familiar, adotando práticas educativas mais positivas e adequadas, ganhando também maior consciência acerca de seus sentimentos, comportamentos e emoções. Sugerem também ampliação da compreensão do comportamento de seus filhos e dos próprios, relacionados ao educar, sinalizando a importância da inserção do Modelo Cognitivo na orientação de pais. As queixas comportamentais infantis, na percepção dos pais, mostraram modificações quanto a problemas externalizantes, sobretudo agressividade. Os resultados obtidos após as seis sessões apontam para a importância de se investir no treinamento para aquisição de melhores práticas educativas parentais e interação familiar mais saudável. O estudo sinalizou também dificuldades na adesão dos pais para formação dos grupos, justificando novos investimentos para compreensão de fatores relacionados à baixa adesão e para que abarque mais participantes. / Family is a key to child\'s development and socialization. Appropriate and consistent parenting practices positively influence the behavioral and emotional repertoire of the child and the intrafamily relationship. However, despite the need to counsel parents be widely reported in the literature, structured interventions aimed at this goal are scarcely represented in the literature, especially prior to the emergence of children\'s clinical complaints. Rarer still are the modalities of parents\' guiding incorporating cognitive and emotional aspects. This study aims to contribute to the acquisition and improvement of appropriate parenting practices and invest in a better family interaction, while proposing to investigate the PROPAIS II, a brief Cognitive-Behavioral program of parents\' guiding. This program aims to parents of school- age children and completion of early childhood education and fits in the context of health promotion, being performed in non-governmental educational institutions and strengthening of bonds. Study participants were 25 parents or caregivers of children, two non-governmental institutions of Ribeirão Preto - SP. The instruments employed were the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL 6/18 years), Scales of Quality Family Interaction (EQIF-parent version) and Brazil Economic Classification Criterion (CCEB). Participants underwent six sessions of the program and two testing sessions, one before and one after the interventive group. The program was applied in groups, averaging five participants each, being offered in six independent groups. To assess the effectiveness of the program for participants, quantitative data analysis were employed, comparing pre and post intervention, and qualitative analysis using parental reports at sessions and final assessment scores collected by recording the speeches during the sessions were made. The confidence interval for the study was 95%. The results indicate that participants experienced significant improvements in Family Interaction, adopting more positive and appropriate educational practices, also gaining greater awareness of feelings, behaviors and emotions. Results also suggest expanding the understanding of the behavior of their children and themselves, related to education, signaling the importance of inserting the Cognitive Model in parental guiding. Child behavioral complaints and parents\' perception showed changes as externalizing problems, particularly aggression. Results after six sessions point out to the importance of investing in training to acquire better parenting practices and healthy family interaction. The study also signaled difficulties in adhering to parent guiding groups, justifying new investments for understanding factors related to poor adherence and encompassing more participants.

Considerando o papel e a influência que os pais exercem no desenvolvimento vocacional de seus filhos, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar um procedimento de intervenção psicológica realizada com pais, cujos filhos adolescentes se encontravam em processo de escolha profissional. Os objetivos específicos propuseram-se a analisar o processo de intervenção grupal e investigar as percepções dos pais em relação ao processo de escolha profissional dos filhos e ao papel que desempenhavam nesse processo. Para isto, foram organizados o Grupo de Orientação de Pais e o Grupo Controle, com pais de jovens em atendimento no Serviço de Orientação Profissional do Centro de Pesquisa e Psicologia Aplicada, da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, USP. Foi aplicado nos dois grupos um questionário com questões abertas e fechadas. Realizou-se uma intervenção psicológica grupal com o Grupo de Orientação de Pais (n=22, 15 mães, 7 pais), com base no referencial teórico-metodológico de Grupo Operativo de Pichon-Rivière, coordenada pela psicóloga-pesquisadora e com colaboração de observadores realizando os registros das sessões. Ao todo foram oito sessões grupais, com periodicidade semanal, de uma hora e meia de duração e uma sessão individual, ao término do processo. Após a intervenção, o questionário foi novamente aplicado nos dois grupos. Os dados quantitativos, referentes às questões fechadas do questionário, foram tratados pela estatística descritiva; e a comparação dos resultados (pré x pós-intervenção) e a comparação entre os grupos (Intervenção x Controle), por meio da estatística inferencial não-paramétrica. As respostas às questões abertas do questionário foram categorizadas com base na Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin e os dados referentes às sessões grupais foram analisados por meio do referencial de Grupo Operativo. Os dados foram articulados com base nos referenciais psicanalíticos de Pichon-Rivière e Bohoslavsky. Os resultados indicaram que os pais-participantes atribuíam grande importância à formação educacional de seus filhos, realizando investimentos para que estes escolhessem a profissão e ingressassem no Ensino Superior, explicitando grandes expectativas para o futuro profissional dos jovens. Observou-se que a intervenção grupal contribuiu para que os pais revelassem conflitos e contradições quanto a posturas que mantinham junto aos filhos. Assim, muitos evidenciaram grande ambivalência de sentimentos frente ao processo de amadurecimento dos jovens, revelando o desejo de postergar a separação pais e filhos. Observou-se que vários participantes apresentavam dificuldades para assumir a influência que exerciam sobre os filhos em relação ao processo da escolha da carreira; e, também, para se posicionar possibilitando diálogos e situações que facilitassem o desenvolvimento vocacional dos jovens. Evidenciou-se que a técnica em Grupo Operativo favoreceu aos pais o contato com situações que se mantinham latentes, bem como um maior conhecimento de seus sentimentos e assunção de papéis junto aos filhos. Considera-se que foram possibilitadas condições para mudanças na relação com os jovens, no que concerne ao processo de escolha profissional destes. / Considering the parents role and influence on their childrens vocational development, this paper aimed at analyzing one psychological intervention with parents whose adolescent children were going through the career choice process. The specific objects were to analyze the group intervention and the parents perceptions regarding their childrens process of career choice and the role they played in that process. Two groups were organized: the parents guiding group and the control group, with parents of adolescents who were being attended at the Career Guiding Service of the Applied Psychology and Research Center of the Faculty and Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP). The two groups were asked to answer a questionnaire containing open and closed questions. The study group received psychological intervention based on the theoretical methodological framework Operative Group by Pichon-Rivière, and was coordinated by the researcher psychologist, having the collaboration of observers who recorded the sessions. All together, eight group sessions were carried out lasting one hour and a half each, once a week and one individual session at the end of the procedure. After the intervention was concluded, the questionnaire was answered again by both the study group and the control group. The quantitative data referring to the closed questions were treated by descriptive statistics and the comparison of the results (pre and post intervention) and the comparison between the groups (study group and control group) were treated by non-parametrical inferential statistics. The answers to the open questions were categorized as based on Bardins content analysis and the data obtained from the session records were analyzed according to the Operative Group framework. All the data were cross-analyzed as based on Pichon-Rivières and Bohoslavskys psychoanalytical frameworks. The results indicate that the participant parents attribute a great importance to their childrens education and invest resources in order to help them enter university; the parents also express great expectations in relation to their childrens future career. The group interventions were observed to have contributed for the parents to unveil conflicts and contradictions in their relationships with their children. Thus, some parents acknowledged ambivalence of feelings in relation to their childrens growing process, expressing their wish to postpone their parting with them. Several participants were shown to have difficulty acknowledging their influence on their childrens career choice and also favoring dialogues or facilitating their childrens career development. The Operative Group strategy made it possible for the parents to acknowledge latent emotions as well as assume their role with their children. Finally, the intervention was seen to have created conditions for changes in the relationship between parents and their children regarding their career choice.

The thesis deals with analysis of rigidity of rubber joint measurements. Characteristic, usage and behaviour of a rubber is described in the first part of the work. The following chapter describes problems and analyse production technology of the given component. The work continues by a preparation of several tests established based on information provided in the first chapter and from requirements of company. At the end, correlations and recommendations for appropriate measurement are concluded based on acquired data. The thesis is closed by a technological and economical evaluation which presents required cost for preparation, realization and analysis of tests.

The aim of this study is to examine the gender effects of the introduction of coeducation in the Swedish scout and guide movement in the late 1960’s. Using Simone de Beauvoir’s concept of transcendence and immanence, the study initially focuses on the differences between and characteristics of the two social communities formed by the female-only Swedish Girl Scout Association (Sveriges Flickors Scoutförbund) and the male-only Scout Association of Sweden (Sveriges Scoutförbund). The focus is on how the two associations constructed gender, and how the differences are to be interpreted. It is clear from the study that the transcendence of the individual girl was an important educational goal in the Girl Scout Association’s construction of gender. With the organization’s intellectual roots in the reform-pedagogics’ movement, it stressed independence and self-reliance, and fostered an egalitarian, non-hierarchical outlook on the Girl Scout movement nationally and internationally. The individual Girl Scout’s ability to act morally was presumed to be intrinsic. The male Scout Association, on the other hand, being pedagogically closer to the original ideas of Scouting’s founder Baden-Powell, focused on discipline, adventure, physical training and regulation by external, universal rules in its construction of gender. These differing educational approaches fit in well with the results of the gender based research on scouting. Subsequently, the study compares these results with the new, coeducational programme launched in 1968, seven years after the merger of the two single sex associations into the joint Swedish Scout and Guide Association (Svenska Scoutförbundet). The questions in focus in this part of the study are which characteristics of the respective single sex associations prevailed, and how the merger can be understood from a gender perspective. The coeducational programme mainly reflected the previous values of the male-only Scout Association of Sweden. However, the new programme was not just a brush-up of the previous Boy Scout approach, but rather the thitherto-greatest break with the educational tradition carried on and step by step developed from Scouting for Boys. The need for such radical changes was most likely prompted by the fact that the Boy Scout movement of Sweden was finding itself increasingly out of touch with the post-war society.

This investigation deals with the suspension of a lightweight medium-class vehicle for four passengers with a curb weight of 1000 kg. The suspension layout consists of a transversal leaf spring and is supported by an active air spring which is included in the damper. The lower control arms are replaced by the leaf spring ends. Active ride height control is introduced to compensate for different vehicle load states. Active steering is applied using electric linear actuators with steer-by wire design. Besides intense use of light material the inquiry should investigate whether elimination of suspension parts or a lighter component is concordant with the stability demands of the vehicle. The investigation is based on simulations obtained with MSC Software ADAMS/Car and Matlab. The suspension is modeled in Adams/Car and has to proof it's compliance in normal driving conditions and under extreme forces. Evaluation criteria are suspension kinematics and compliance such as camber, caster and toe change during wheel travel in different load states. Also the leaf spring deflection, anti-dive and anti-squat measures and brake force distribution are investigated. Based on a simplified version of the leaf spring suspension design a full vehicle model is created. The comparison between the suspension models evaluates the same basic suspension parameters to ensure the compliance. Additionally roll rate and understeer gradient are investigated. It can be shown that the vehicle equipped with transversal leaf spring instead of lower control arms fulfils the set kinematics and compliance requirements. Road holding performance is assured for normal driving conditions on public roads.

Mänskligt beslutfattande är en viktig faktor i design processen för system och objekt. Medden snabba utvecklingen av området förstärkt verklighet är det nu möjligt att simuleradigitala gränssnitt överallt. Det finns flera användningsområden både inom industin ochallmänheten där det realiseras med allt ifrån mobiltelefoner till smarta glasögon. I dennauppsats tas ett system fram för att testa hur visuell styrning kan implementeras med hjälpav huvudmonterad förstärkt verklighet. Subtil ledning undersöks också om det kan användas som en digital knuff i huvudmonterad förstärkt verklighet. För att undersöka dettatas en prototyp fram. Genom utveckling av denna prototyp kan ett kontrollerat experimentet genomföras och visuell styrning samt subtil ledning undersökas. Experimentet föratt undersöka visuell styrning är Posner cueing task. Genom att använda ögonspårningsutrustning, kan man mäta reaktionstiderna för sackader hos användarna. Resultatet visaren signifikant skillnad i reaktonstid när vår subtila ledning används. Slutsatsen av dennauppsats är att subtil ledning kan användas som en digital knuff i huvudmonterad förstärktverklighet och denna rapport kan användas för vidare forskning inom visuell styrning iförstärkt verklighet med huvudmonterade bildskärmar. / Human decision making is an important factor in the design process for systems anditems. With the fast developing of Augmented Reality it is now possible to simulate digitalinterfaces everywhere. This allows for several application areas both within the industryand for the public and it can be implemented with everything from cellphones to smartglasses. In this thesis, it is investigated how subtle gaze guidance can be implemented usingwearable Augmented Reality technology. Subtle cuing is also investigated to see if it canbe used as a digital nudge in head-worn Augmented Reality environment. To investigatethis, a prototype is developed. By developing a prototype that can perform a controlledexperiment, the visual guidance and subtle cueing can be examined with a Posner cueingtask. By using eye trackers, saccadic reaction times of the participants are measured andexamined. The result shows a significant change in reaction time when using our subtleguidance than without. The conclusion is that subtle cueing can be used as a digital nudgein a head-worn Augmented Reality environment and this thesis can be used for furtherstudies within visual guidance in Augmented Reality with a head-mounted display.

Tourist guides are located at the coalface of the tourism industry and occupy an extraordinary position within the contemporary demand and supply chain, seeing that they have the ability to enhance, manage and orchestrate the tourists sought after “unique” experience through their interpretation and commentary on tour. Within this context, most regard the tourist guide as an “ambassador” and “custodian” of a specific country‟s destination image – with India being no exception. This dissertation explores the complexity and multifaceted-nature of the tourist guiding phenomenon in a global South context, by considering the tourist guide of India as an international tourist guiding best practice example. The investigation will also evaluate key components and practical areas of India‟s tourist guiding domain. That consists of the country‟s national tourism and tourist guiding environments, legislative and regulatory frameworks, educational and training components, quality assurance mechanisms, as well as all other integral functional areas associated with the sector. These various research areas, along with the genesis of guiding, the various roles and responsibilities of a tourist guide, and the contextualisation of “international tourist guiding best practice”, all form the main components of the dissertation. / Dissertation (MSocSci)--University of Pretoria, 2020. / Historical and Heritage Studies / MSocSci / Unrestricted

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State and national standards, including the Common Core State Standards, state that students should be expected to learn to discuss and analyze texts, comprehend ideas in increasingly complex texts, and justify their thinking. Literature circles are an instructional practice suggested by many educational writers as an instructional practice that can help students meet these standards; however, research examining the impact literature circles have on students and their teacher in the classroom is needed. The purpose of this study was to investigate the implementation of literature circles in a classroom by examining how students engage in the literature circle process and the instructional practices that contribute to the level of engagement that is experienced by the students during literature. Vygotsky’s socio-cultural learning theory provides a context to understand the impact that literature circles and learning with and through others have on students. The data revealed that students engaged in the literature circle process by participating in discussions, through purposeful collaboration, and by thinking critically. The data also revealed that the level of student engagement was influenced by several practices the teacher had in place. These included (a) purposeful tasks and learning; (b) choice, (c) questioning; (d) argumentative reading and writing; and (e) role sheets. This research demonstrates the ways that using literature circles supported authentic literacy in a 5th grade classroom. Implications include instructional practices that supported engagement including purposeful tasks and learning, choice, and questioning. These instructional practices helped students learn to think critically, have evidence-based discussions, and justify their thoughts and ideas about texts. Additionally, this research has specific implications for the use of role sheets. Role sheets are frequently recommended as a practice for scaffolding student engagement, although little empirical research supports their use. Data from this study suggest that using role sheets as a conversation scaffold and as a means to train students to participate in discussion can support engagement but that discontinuing their use once students are comfortable having text-based conversations and tracking their thinking may be beneficial.