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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
81

Transformation of the myth and the myth of transformation: over 100 years of guiding in South African game reserves

Paton, Anthony James 02 September 2008 (has links)
This is both a critical history of the nature guiding industry in South Africa from 1902- 2007 and a subjective critique of the practical components of contemporary natureguiding. It focuses particulary on guides operating on foot in “Big Five” (dangerous game) areas. The early history and the subsequent development of “wilderness” trails in the Kruger National Park and the histories of KwaZulu-Natal Parks and Madikwe Game Reserve are examined. The influences of the Field Guides’ Association of Southern Africa (FGASA) and the Tourism, Hospitality and Sport Education and Training Authority (THETA) are discussed. Transformation of the industry (in both the demographic and in the broader sense) faces language, cultural and ethical challenges because of prevailing anthropocentric and militaristic norms. Nature guides need improved communication skills and should balance traditional and progressive skills and ethics. They should become more critical and proactive in determining the style and content of their industry
82

Correction dynamique d’un SLM pour une holographie de haute fidélité. Réalisation d’un MOT-2D pour l’application de modes de Laguerre-Gauss / Dynamic phase correction on SLM for high-fidelity holography. Construction of a 2D-MOT for using Laguerre-Gaussian modes

Carrat, Vincent 19 December 2012 (has links)
Cette thèse concerne la production et le contrôle d'hologrammes de haute qualité par un modulateur de phase à cristaux liquides (SLM) et l'utilisation de ces hologrammes pour la manipulation d'atomes froids. Ces hologrammes utilisés pour mettre en forme des faisceaux lasers et créer des potentiels dipolaires doivent être de bonne qualité. Or le SLM a des défauts qui peuvent les dégrader. Pour mesurer ces défauts nous avons développé une méthode reposant sur la mesure par polarimétrie de la biréfringence du SLM. La cartographie de biréfringence permet de mesurer l'hologramme en temps réel sans perturber l'expérience en cours. C'est donc une mesure in-situ. Une fois mesurés les défauts sont corrigés par une rétroaction sur la consigne donnée au SLM. Pour le démontrer nous avons créé un défaut artificiel avec un pointeur laser et nous l'avons réduit à λ/7 soit une amélioration de 42 %. Ensuite avec l'objectif d'appliquer des potentiels produit par un SLM aux atomes froids, j'ai dessiné, conçu puis réalisé en partie une expérience basée sur un jet d'atomes froids de rubidium issu d'un MOT-2D. Dans le chapitre correspondant je présente une étude de la faisabilité d'une expérience de guidage du jet d'atomes froids par un mode de Laguerre Gauss désaccordé vers le bleu de la transition. Nous avons montré que dans un tel guide le chauffage par émission spontanée est plus faible que dans un guide gaussien usuel désaccordé vers le rouge de la transition. De plus en réduisant la divergence naturelle du jet issu du MOT-2D nous devrions augmenter le flux d'atomes et améliorer l'efficacité de chargement d'un MOT-3D par un MOT-2D. / This thesis reports on the production and monitoring of high quality holograms generated by a liquid crystal spatial light modulator (SLM), and the application of these holograms to cold atoms manipulation. In order to produce accurate optical potentials by shaping a laser beam we need high quality holograms. Nevertheless SLMs suffer from defects which limit the quality. To measure defects we have developed a method based on polarimetry to get the birefringence map of the SLM. Birefringence mapping is suitable to monitor the hologram without disturbing the on-going experiment. It's an in-situ measurement. After the measurement, defects are corrected by a feedback on the input hologram. As a proof we created an artificial defect with a laser pointer and reduced it to λ/7 which corresponds to a 42% improvement. Our second goal is to apply SLM-shaped potentials to cold atoms, so I designed and did part of an experiment based on a cold atom beam provided by a rubidium 2D-MOT. In the corresponding chapter I've studied the feasibility of guiding the cold atom beam with a blue-detuned Laguerre-Gaussian beam. We showed that in such a guide the spontaneous emission is lower than in the usual red detuned gaussian guide case. Furthermore by reducing the cold atom beam divergence we expect to enhance the atomic flux and improve the loading efficiency of a 3D-MOT from a 2D-MOT.
83

Réalisation d'un faisceau d'ions-électrons monochromatiques à partir d'atomes refroidis par laser / Realisation of a monochromatic ion/electron beam based on laser-cooled atoms

Bruneau, Yoann 01 October 2014 (has links)
Cette thèse porte sur l’étude d’une nouvelle source de particules chargées peu dispersive basée sur le refroidissement d’atomes par laser. Les technologies actuelles, basées sur des pointes fines de quelques nanomètres, sont limitées à des faisceaux de hautes énergies (champ d’accélération supérieur à 10 kV) et de fortes dispersions supérieures à 1 eV du fait des fortes interactions entre les particules se retrouvant très proches les unes des autres au moment de leur création. Une nouvelle source, basée sur un jet atomique refroidi transversalement et ionisé par lasers, permet d’étendre la zone de création des particules chargées à des dimensions de quelques centaines de micron et ainsi de limiter les intéractions entre les particules, tout en créant une source refroidie à 100 µK et ainsi très peu dispersive. Un guidage, utilisant la force dipolaire exercée par un laser appliqué le long de la propagation des atomes, est étudié expérimentalement et permet de piéger les atomes au centre du laser piégeur. En jouant sur la forme du laser, il est ainsi possible de concentrer les atomes dans une section de diamètre de l’ordre de 0,4 mm. Il est dès lors envisageable de créer une source de particules chargées avec des courants supérieurs au nA. L’ionisation des atomes du jet refroidi, basée sur l’ionisation d’atomes de Rydberg sous champ, est étudiée et comparée aux récentes expériences de photoionisation d’atomes refroidis dans un MOT-3D. / This thesis presents the creation of charged-particle beam based on a source with a low energy spread. Common sources, based on thin nanometer-size needle, allows to create charged-particles beams with a high energy (electric higher than 10 kV are used) and with a high energy spread (higher than 1 eV) due to interactions between particles created close to each other. A new source, based on an atomic beam cooled transversaly and ionized using lasers, allows to extend the size of the source until 100 µm and limit the interactions between particles while creating a cold source with temperatures as low as few 100 µK and thus with a low energy spread. A guiding laser applied along the propagation axis of the atomic beam uses the dipole force to concentrate the atoms in a area with a size as little as 0,4 mm while keeping the properties of low temperature of the atomic beam. With this kind of source, it is possible to create a charged-particle beam with a current greater than 1 nA. A new process of ionisation based Rydberg ionisation is studied in this thesis and compared to the early experiments based on photoionisation of cold atoms from a 3D-MOT.
84

Fertilidade do solo, nutrição mineral, produtividade e metais pesados em plantações de eucalipto com efeito residual de lodo de esgoto / Soil fertility, mineral nutrition, productivity and heavy metals in eucalyptus plantations with residual effect of sewage sludge

Florentino, Antonio Leite 31 October 2016 (has links)
Os novos paradigmas no setor agrícola almejam a busca por alternativas de maior equilíbrio à entrada e saída de energia do ecossistema. Há muita discussão quanto a reciclagem de lodo de esgoto (LE) pela aplicação no solo, seja pelos aspectos positivos, como fonte de nutrientes às plantas, em especial o fósforo, e condicionador de solo, ou pelos aspectos negativos, com a presença de metais pesados, compostos orgânicos tóxicos e patógenos. Nesta pesquisa foram realizados dois estudos. No primeiro, em Itatinga-SP, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito residual de lodos de esgoto úmido (LU) e lodo seco (LS), aplicados por ocasião do plantio do eucalipto na 1ª rotação de cultivo, nas doses de 10, 20 e 30 t ha 1, sobre a fertilidade do solo (LVAd), a nutrição mineral, a produtividade e nos teores e acúmulos de metais pesados no solo e nos compartimentos aéreos de plantas de eucalipto, aos 45 meses de idade, durante a 3a rotação de cultivo, cerca de 12 anos do resíduo no solo. No segundo, em Itatinga e Angatuba-SP, objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade do solo quanto aos teores de metais pesados em áreas tratadas com diferentes tipos e doses de LE e cultivadas com plantas de eucalipto, entre 10 a 17 anos do resíduo no solo (LVAd, LVd e RQo). Os LEs foram oriundos de ETEs de Jundiaí-SP, Barueri-SP e São Paulo-SP. Em ambos os estudos, os tratamentos foram: fertilização mineral (FM), controle e doses e tipos de LE. Os delineamentos foram em bloco ao acaso, com 8 tratamentos e 3 repetições, no primeiro, e com 5 tratamentos e 4 repetições. Os resultados do primeiro estudo demonstram que houve efeito residual de LU e LS em relação ao manejo de FM, principalmente, em doses mais altas, no aumento da fertilidade do solo (sobretudo, MO, SB, CTC, P, Ca, S, Cu e Zn), nutrição mineral e estoque de nutrientes (em destaque, P, Ca, Cu e Zn), produção (volume de madeira, biomassa aérea e de folhedo depositado no solo) e os teores de metais pesados (As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se e Zn) não evidenciaram contaminação do solo e nem toxicidade ao eucalipto. No segundo, houve efeito residual de LE em relação ao manejo de FM nos atributos do solo e nos teores de metais pesados, principalmente, em doses mais altas. Ainda no segundo estudo, de modo geral, houve efeito residual dos LEs no aumento de MO, SB, H+Al, CTC e V% e os teores de As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se e Zn no solo, em geral, permaneceram abaixo dos valores de prevenção. Todavia, houve relação entre as doses de aplicação do lodo e os teores de metais pesados no solo, ou seja, quanto maior a dose, maiores foram os teores residuais dos metais pesados, sendo tal efeito, mais incrementado nos solos arenosos. Concluiu-se que há efeito residual de LE em relação ao manejo de fertilização mineral com aumento da fertilidade, nutrição, produtividade e os teores de metais pesados não evidenciaram contaminação do solo e nem toxidez no eucalipto / The new paradigms in the agricultural sector aim to search for alternatives with more balance to the input and output of energy in the ecosystem. There is a lot of discussion about the recycling of sewage sludge (SS), for the positive aspects, as a source of plant nutrients, especially phosphorus, and soil conditioner, as well as for the negative aspects, such as the presence of heavy metals, organic toxic compounds and pathogens. Two studies were carried out in this research. In the first, at Itatinga-SP, the objective was to evaluate the residual effect of humid sewage sludge (HS) and dry sludge (DS), both applied to a eucalyptus plantation in the first rotation with the doses of 10, 20, 30 t ha-1, on the soil fertility (LVAd), mineral nutrition, productivity and amount and accumulation of heavy metals in both the soil and aboveground compartments of the eucalyptus, at 45 month age, during the 3rd rotation, with around 12 years of residues in the soil. In the second study, at Itatinga and Angatuba-SP, the objective was to evaluate the quality of the soil regarding to heavy metals contents in areas treated with different types and doses of SS and cultured with eucalyptus trees, with 10-17 years of residues in the soil (LVAd, LVd e RQo). The used SS came from the sewage treatment plant of Jundiaí-SP, Barueri-SP e São Paulo-SP, respectively. In both studies the treatments were; mineral fertilization (MF), control and doses and types of SS. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with 8 treatments and 3 replicates, in the first, and with 5 treatments and 4 repetitions, in the second. The results from the first study showed that there was residual effect of both HS and DS in comparison with MF, especially in high doses, in the increase of soil fertility (mainly OM, SB, CTC, P, Ca, S, Cu and Zn), mineral nutrition and the stock of nutrients (mainly P, Ca, Cu e Zn), production (wood, aboveground biomass and litterfall) and heavy metal contents (As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se and Zn) did not showed soil pollution nor toxicity for eucalyptus. In the second study, there was residual effect of SS in comparison with MF when we observed soil properties and heavy metal contents, especially in high doses. Also in the second study, there was a residual effect of SS in the increase of OM, SB, H+Al, CEC and V% e the contents of As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se and Zn in the soil that, in general, were below the values of prevention. There was also relation between the doses of SS and the contents of soil heavy metals, i.e, the higher the dose, the higher the contents of residual heavy metals. This effect was higher in sandy soils. It was concluded that there was a residual effect of SS in comparison with MF with an increase in soil fertility, nutrition, productivity. Heavy metal contents did not showed soil pollution nor toxicity for eucalyptus
85

Superior Tribunal de Justiça e recurso especial: análise da função e reconstrução dogmática / Appeals to Brazilian Supreme Courts: function analysis and practice

Costa, Guilherme Recena 09 May 2011 (has links)
O tema dos recursos excepcionais, direcionados às Cortes Supremas, é de enorme importância no processo civil contemporâneo. Esse trabalho busca definir, à luz da Teoria do Direito e do Direito Comparado, quais funções devem ser assinaladas ao Superior Tribunal de Justiça para, a partir disso, poder realizar uma reconstrução dogmática do procedimento do recurso especial. Não há dúvida de que, à luz dos princípios do Estado de Direito, aos Tribunais Superiores deve ser hoje asinalada uma função precipuamente prospectiva, voltada para a orientação dos juízes e jurisdicionados por meio do estabelecimento de precedentes, e não para os litigantes, de forma retrospectiva. A experiência comparada e a análise detida do funcionamento dos Tribunais Superiores demonstra que bons resultados só podem ser cumpridos mediante mecanismos que permitam selecionar os recursos com base na sua importância. Defende-se, por isso, a criação de um filtro para o recurso especial, à semelhança do que já conhece o recurso extraordinário brasileiro por meio da exigência de repercussão geral da questão constitucional debatida. Em face da função prospectiva do Superior Tribunal de Justiça devem ser interpretados todos os demais problemas que gravitam em torno do recurso especial e do acesso à Corte (distinção entre fato e direito, pré-questionamento etc.) / Appeals to Supreme Courts are an enormously important theme in modern civil procedure. This essay intends to define tge function that should govern the practise of Brazils Superior Tribunal de Justiça, with support from legal theory and comparative law studies, so that the characteristics of the appeal (recurso especial) directed to the Court may be rethought on solid grounds. There should be no doubt that, in light of the rule of law principles, Supreme Courts should be assigned a prospective, facing forward function of establishing solid precedents for the guidance of judges and citizens, instead of facing towards the single parties involved in litigation and the past. Comparative studies show that this may only be done if the Court has control over its docket. The essay proposes the adoption of such a mechanism for the recurso especial, as has already been done for the recurso extraordinario through the requirement of general importance of the constitutional issue raised in the appeal. All other aspects regarding access of the parties to the Superior Tribunal de Justiça (such as the distinction between law and fact, the prior decisison of the legal issue raised etc.) should be interpreted in light of the prospective function of the Court.
86

Professores de matemática em atividade de ensino. Uma perspectiva histórico-cultural para a formação docente. / Teaching activity of mathematics teachers. A cultural-historical perspective for the formation of teachers.

Moretti, Vanessa Dias 27 August 2007 (has links)
A partir dos referencias teóricos da perspectiva histórico-cultural, em particular, da Teoria da Atividade proposta por Leontiev, esta pesquisa investigou o processo de formação de professores em atividade de ensino, ao elaborarem coletivamente situações desencadeadoras de aprendizagem. Ao focar a formação contínua de professores de Matemática que atuam no Ensino Médio parte-se de uma revisão do conceito de competência, referência do discurso oficial para a prática docente, e propõe-se sua superação por meio dos conceitos de trabalho e atividade. Ao se entender o conceito de atividade, com um caráter específico que não se identifica apenas com a idéia de ação, esta pesquisa apoiou-se particularmente no conceito de atividade orientadora de ensino ao trabalhar com professores de escolas públicas. A esses foram propostas situações desencadeadoras por meio das quais se propiciaram condições para que, movidos pela necessidade de organização do ensino, agissem coletivamente de modo a objetivar essa necessidade em propostas de ensino que foram trabalhadas com seus alunos e, posteriormente, reelaboradas pelo grupo de professores. Na análise dos dados provenientes de elaborações coletivas e de socializações das propostas de ensino, assim como de materiais de alunos, buscou-se evidências que revelassem mudanças no movimento de organização das ações dos professores e como as mediações feitas em situação coletiva foram apropriadas por eles em seus discursos e planos de ação. Os resultados da pesquisa evidenciam que, na (re)organização coletiva de suas ações, os professores atribuíram novos sentidos às próprias ações, à mediação e à escolha de instrumentos, apropriando-se das formas de realização colaborativa da atividade de ensino. Dessa forma, o novo fazer dos professores constitui-se, de forma mediada, na práxis pedagógica ao apropriarem-se de conhecimentos sobre a realidade que lhes permitam compreendê-la e superá-la, o que corrobora o coletivo como espaço de produção de conhecimento e, portanto, contribui para a superação da primazia da competência individual dos sujeitos como referência para a aprendizagem e, conseqüentemente, para a formação docente. / Based on theoretical references to cultural-historical perspective, in particular the Theory of Activity proposed by Leontiev, this research investigates the process followed for the formation of teachers within a teaching activity, while collectively elaborating on triggerlearning situations. In focusing the continuous formation of mathematics teachers working in High School, the starting point was a review of the concept of competence, a reference for official discourse in the practice of a teacher, and the proposal to go beyond this based on the concepts of work and activity. In understanding the concept of activity, and its specific character that goes beyond the mere identification with the idea of action, this research was specially based on the concept of teaching guiding activity working with public school teachers. Trigger-situations were proposed to these teachers which propitiated conditions so that, moved by the need to organize the teachings, they acted collectively in a way to make this need objective in the teaching proposals to be work on with their students and, later, to be re-elaborated by the group of teachers. In the analysis of the data that resulted from the collective elaboration of the teaching proposals, of the socialization of these proposals, and the materials of the students, an attempt was made to look for the evidences that would reveal the changes in the movement of the organization of the actions taken by the teachers and how the mediations in a collective situation were appropriated by them in their discourses and plans of action. The results of the research indicate that, in a collective (re)organization of their actions, the teachers attributed new meanings to their own actions, to the mediation and to the choice of tools, appropriating themselves of the forms of collaborative realization of the teaching activity. In this way, the teachers\' new [way of] doing constituted, in a mediated form, in the pedagogical praxis when they appropriated themselves of the knowledge on the reality that enabled them to understand it and overcome it, what corroborates the collective as a knowledge production space and, therefore, it contributes to overcome the supremacy of individual competence of subjects as a reference to learning and, consequently, to the formation of the teacher.
87

Ensino de filosofia : uma sequência didática para o Ensino Médio

Catalani, Cesar January 2014 (has links)
Orientadora Profa. Dra. Patrícia Del Nero Velasco / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ensino, História, Filosofia das Ciências e Matemática, 2014. / O objetivo da presente dissertação é criar uma sequência didática para o ensino de filosofia no Ensino Médio a partir de uma fundamentação teórica. Para atingi-lo, a linha de raciocínio que traçamos se divide em três partes. Na primeira, há a fundamentação; explicitamos a noção de ato filosófico e, a seguir, expomos dez elementos (entre diversos outros possíveis) que servem de referência para a construção de uma série de aulas. Na segunda, propomos uma sequência didática para o Ensino Médio, a qual está dividida em três etapas; depois, apresentamos um relato de experiência. E, na terceira, aproximamos as duas anteriores, identificando relações entre elas. / This work aims to create a didactic sequence to the subject of philosophy in highschool. To achieve it, we define the notion of philosophical act and expose ten elements (among many other possible) that can be used as reference for the construction of a series of classes. Then, it is proposed a didactic sequence followed by an experience report. Finally, we approach the two previous parts, identifying relationships between them.
88

O programa Salto para o Futuro no DF (1992–2000): limites e possibilidades na percepção dos orientadores de aprendizage / "Leap into the Future program" in Federal District (1992-2000): limits and possibilities in perception of supervisors of learning

Pereira, Soraya Marques 29 August 2014 (has links)
Submitted by Luanna Matias (lua_matias@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-02-05T13:05:45Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Soraya Marques Pereira - 2014.pdf.pdf: 1343309 bytes, checksum: 44312d52a77b562e4f204c341af1fe1c (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-02-05T13:22:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Soraya Marques Pereira - 2014.pdf.pdf: 1343309 bytes, checksum: 44312d52a77b562e4f204c341af1fe1c (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-05T13:22:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Soraya Marques Pereira - 2014.pdf.pdf: 1343309 bytes, checksum: 44312d52a77b562e4f204c341af1fe1c (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-29 / This document discuss, using analysis and experience of teachers in the “Salto para o Futuro program” applied in Brazilian‟s capital, the process of teacher‟s continuous formation with specific delimited subject of their works in the core business, limits and possibilities of the program, in the intention as public policy program in e-learning used by MEC. In this paper the period of study is about 1992 to 2000, years of beginning and ending of the program. The method of the study was a qualitative research using this list of procedures: bibliography collection of thesis and dissertations approved in the Post-Graduation about educations and available on Capes website, semistructured interviews with ex-teachers of the Program Salto Para o Futuro and documental analysis of the course‟s final reports offered by the Program. This document is divides in chapters: the first presents the five big base themes: teacher‟s continuous formation, the e-learning, a TV set in the school and interactivity; the second chapter tells about the history of Salto para o Futuro Program in Brazil and in the capital city and presents papers about investigative program researchers. The third chapter expose about the vision, conceptions and experiences of the teachers of the Program. Besides they recognizes contributions in the Salto para o Futuro Program in some way to teacher‟s continuous formations program, they exposed some ambiguous steps of the process. As an example, interactivity was incomplete, in special about the intercommunication with teachers, students and specialists. / Este estudo discute, por meio da análise e percepção dos orientadores de aprendizagem que atuaram no programa Salto para o Futuro no Distrito Federal, o processo de formação contínua, compreendendo particularmente o trabalho desenvolvido por esses profissionais, tendo em vista as características, os limites e as possibilidades do referido programa, entendido aqui como política pública na modalidade de educação a distância adotada pelo MEC. Foi escolhido para esse estudo o período compreendido entre 1992 e 2000, data de início e término do programa no DF. Realizou-se uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, utilizando-se os seguintes procedimentos: levantamento bibliográfico em teses e dissertações defendidas em programas de pós-graduação em Educação e publicadas no portal da Capes, entrevistas semiestruturadas com cinco ex-orientadores de aprendizagem que atuaram no programa Salto para o Futuro e análise documental de Relatórios Finais de cursos oferecidos pelo programa. O texto está dividido em capítulos: o primeiro apresenta cinco grandes temas que nortearam toda a pesquisa, tais como: a formação contínua de professores, a educação a distância, a TV na escola e a interatividade. O segundo capítulo traz o histórico do programa Salto para o Futuro no Brasil e no DF e ainda apresenta trabalhos de pesquisadores que investigaram o programa. O terceiro capítulo expõe a visão, as concepções e as experiências relatadas pelos orientadores de aprendizagem no programa. Embora reconheçam que o programa Salto para o Futuro tenha contribuído em alguma medida para a formação contínua de professores no DF, os orientadores de aprendizagem evidenciaram algumas contradições do processo. Sobre a questão da interatividade, por exemplo, ela teria se efetivado de modo incompleto, tendo em vista que a comunicação entre os sujeitos envolvidos foi deficiente, não se configurando um efetivo diálogo entre os professores cursistas, orientadores de aprendizagem e especialistas.
89

Urban and Suburban Differences in Cultural Identification, Life-Guiding Principles, and Person-Organization Fit

Edigin, Joseph 01 January 2018 (has links)
Diversity practitioners in the United States have taken steps to implement programs for integration of people in organizations from across the socioeconomic and demographic spectrum. Despite changes in U.S. discrimination laws and work by diversity practitioners, maintaining equitable workplace diversity continues to be a problem in U.S. corporations. This correlational study was conducted to examine differences in life-guiding principles, urban identification, and person-organization fit between urban and suburban residents. A purposive sample of 180 adults was drawn in a voluntary online survey from industries in two U.S. representative counties with a mix of urban and suburban sprawl. This study was also conducted to further examine planned behavior, expectancy, normative social influence, and social impact theories by comparing how the independent variable of participant residence location affected the dependent variables of life-guiding principles, urban identification, and person-organization fit. T-test statistics were used to test mean differences in normally distributed data sets, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for testing differences in non-normally distributed data sets. Test results revealed that there were differences in the dependent variables with a significant difference in urban identification for urban and suburban residents, confirming the hypothesis. Findings from this study may help diversity practitioners and organizational leaders understand the differences among urban and suburban residents. Study findings may also support organizations' social agenda toward addressing diversity issues and for narrowing career achievement gaps between urban and suburban residents through a better understanding of variations in culture.
90

Guiding principles for adopting and promoting the use of Enterprise 2.0 collaboration technologies within the enterprise environment

Louw, Robert Leonard 11 1900 (has links)
Although Enterprise 2.0 collaboration technology toolsets present enterprises with a significant amount of business benefits, such as improved enterprise communication, collaboration, creativity and innovation; nevertheless, enterprises are still facing tremendous challenges in promoting and sustaining end-user adoption. The challenges associated with the adoption and promotion of Enterprise 2.0 collaboration technologies can often be linked to a resistance to change, a closed culture environment, and concerns pertaining to information security, technology complexity, as well as an unclear enterprise collaboration technology strategic roadmap. The primary objective of this study was to determine how generic guiding principles could facilitate the adoption and promotion of Enterprise 2.0 collaboration technologies within an enterprise environment. In support of the primary objective, our sub-objectives were to identify the challenges that enterprises, as well as enterprise end-users experience when adopting and promoting Enterprise 2.0 collaboration technologies, as well as to explore and describe the critical success factors for adopting and promoting Enterprise 2.0 collaboration technologies. A case study technique was used to gather the data from a large South African information and communications technology (ICT) enterprise operating within the retail sector based in Johannesburg. Enterprise end-users that formed part of the case study were selected by using purposive sampling. The end-users were selected, based on their experience, project sponsorship, as well as the project-participation roles performed in the adoption of their Enterprise 2.0 collaboration technology toolset. Semi-structured interviews were conducted on three (3) end-users, comprising a business analyst, a technology specialists and a senior executive. Furthermore, administered questionnaires were completed by five (5) end-users, who actively use their Enterprise 2.0 collaboration technology toolset on a daily basis, performing operational, as well as business administrative tasks. This study used a qualitative research approach. Since validity forms a vital role in any qualitative study, this research study incorporated three validity approaches, including: the theoretical, internal and external approaches. The theoretical and external validity approaches were used to validate the identified guiding principles through a systematic review of the existing literature, as well as reviews and comments obtained from two subject-matter experts representing independent enterprises. Furthermore, internal validity was employed to complement and substantiate the research findings, consisting of project documents and reports made available by the enterprise. The main contribution in this research study is a set of ten (10) guiding principles that could be applied by enterprises either planning to, or in the process of adopting an Enterprise 2.0 collaboration technology toolset. Furthermore, the guiding principles could assist enterprises in formulating a Enterprise 2.0 collaboration technology adoption strategy, incorporating key adoption elements, including commitment, promotion and sustainability. / Computing

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