Le droit de l’arbitrage conventionnel au Québec a été rythmé par différentes réformes de 1965 à nos jours. L’intervention législative la plus marquante est celle de la Loi de 1986 sur l’arbitrage, fortement inspirée de la Loi type de la CNUDCI de 1985. Avant cette réforme, la procédure d'arbitrage du Code de procédure civile n'était pas très étayée. À l’époque, ce manque de précision s’est traduit par une pratique réticente. Ensuite, le législateur et les juges n’ont cessé de manifester une position favorable à l’arbitrage. Les principales évolutions de l’arbitrage ont permis de mettre en lumière les raisons pour lesquelles ce mode de règlement des différends a perduré au fil des années au sein du Code de procédure civile. L’arbitrage a même été consacré par la dernière réforme du Code de procédure civile de 2016 comme étant une justice privée, érigée au même rang que la justice étatique. Les acquis de la Loi de 1986 ont été maintenus et complétés. La codification des objectifs de la procédure civile, des principes directeurs et l’insertion de nouvelles dispositions procédurales applicables en matière arbitrale et judiciaire, offrent des apports et des perspectives à exploiter, tant pour le processus arbitral que pour l’après-sentence. Les principes directeurs contribuent à renforcer le caractère adéquat de la procédure arbitrale. Quant à l’après-sentence, il s’agit de dissuader les demandes d’annulation des décisions arbitrales qui sont dilatoires ou abusives et de limiter les manquements dits importants à la procédure, afin de réduire les délais d’attente d’exécution des sentences arbitrales. / The Quebec Consensual Arbitration Law has been punctuated by various reforms from 1965 until now. The most significant legislative intervention was the Arbitration Act of 1986, which was strongly inspired from the UNCITRAL Model Law of 1985. Before this reform, the arbitration procedure of the Code of Civil Procedure was not very substantiated. At the time, this lack of accuracy resulted in a reluctant practice. Then, judges and legislators have consistently shown a favourable position to arbitration. The main developments in arbitration have highlighted the reasons why this mode for resolving disputes has been maintained over the years in the Code of Civil Procedure. Arbitration was even enshrined as part of the last reform the Code of Civil Procedure of 2016 as being a private justice, set up at the same level as the state justice. The achievements of the 1986 Act have been kept and supplemented. The codification of the objectives of civil procedure, of the guiding principles and the insertion of new procedural provisions applicable in arbitral and judicial matters, offers contributions and perspectives to be exploited, both for the arbitration process and for the after-award. The guidelines contribute to reinforce the adequacy of the arbitration procedure. As for the post-award, it is a question of dissuading the requests for annulment of the arbitral decisions that are dilatory or abusive, and of limiting substantial breaches of the procedure, in order to reduce the waiting times for execution of the arbitral awards.

An interactive multiple screen visualisation might become an opportunity for engaging and illustrative presentations of scientific, complex, and abstract research. With multiple (interactive) monitors, storytelling and interfaces could bring engagement, immersion, and attraction to the audience. The challenge of designing for a multiple screen setup is that the amount of information can be overwhelming, causing the perception of it and engagement with it to decrease. This thesis explores approaches that could enhance the perception and engagement of the content for a multiple screen setup. The Research Through Design approach sets the structure for the entire thesis. It consists of methods for exploration, concepting, prototyping, and user testing. By following this research approach, three versions of a prototype were developed and tested which led to the results of this thesis. The overall nature of this research process was exploratory and the design decisions were applied during the activities. The main findings of this thesis regarding the multiple screen setup during the research process included three attention guiding approaches: black and white, blur, and pause, and according to the user test participants, the preferred approach was black and white. The second vital aspect of the research and testing were the five-act story arc and interactive storytelling structures. According to the data from user tests, interactivity helped to increase the engagement and perception of the exhibition piece.

Führungsgetriebe die durch Servomotoren angetrieben werden, benötigen für definierte Stellungen des Abtriebsglieds eine programmierte Funktion (elektronische Kurvenscheibe). Diese leitet sich aus dem möglicherweise fehlerbehafteten kinematischen Modell des Getriebes ab (inverse Kinematik). Zur Verbesserung der Genauigkeit der Führungsbewegung wird ein Verfahren zur Justierung der Übertragungsfunktion auf Basis des Newton-Verfahrens unter Nutzung der Singulärwertzerlegung vorgestellt. Dabei werden die realen Getriebeabmessungen anhand einer Messung berechnet und werden anschließend korrigiert zur Anpassung der Übertragungsfunktion verwendet.

The amount of data accumulated by organizations have grown significantly during the last couple of years, increasing the importance of data quality. Ensuring data quality for large amounts of data is a complicated task, but crucial to subsequent analysis. This study investigates how to maintain and improve data quality in a data warehouse. A case study of the errors in a data warehouse was conducted at the Swedish company Kaplan, and resulted in guiding principles on how to improve the data quality. The investigation was done by manually comparing data from the source systems to the data integrated in the data warehouse and applying a quality framework based on semiotic theory to identify errors. The three main guiding principles given are (1) to implement a standardized format for the source data, (2) to implement a check prior to integration where the source data are reviewed and corrected if necessary, and (3) to create and implement specific database integrity rules. Further work is encouraged on establishing a guide for the framework on how to best perform a manual approach for comparing data, and quality assurance of source data. / Mängden data som ackumulerats av organisationer har ökat betydligt under de senaste åren, vilket har ökat betydelsen för datakvalitet. Att säkerställa datakvalitet för stora mängder data är en komplicerad uppgift, men avgörande för efterföljande analys. Denna studie undersöker hur man underhåller och förbättrar datakvaliteten i ett datalager. En fallstudie av fel i ett datalager på det svenska företaget Kaplan genomfördes och resulterade i riktlinjer för hur datakvaliteten kan förbättras. Undersökningen gjordes genom att manuellt jämföra data från källsystemen med datat integrerat i datalagret och genom att tillämpa ett kvalitetsramverk grundat på semiotisk teori för att kunna identifiera fel. De tre huvudsakliga riktlinjerna som gavs är att (1) implementera ett standardiserat format för källdatat, (2) genomföra en kontroll före integration där källdatat granskas och korrigeras vid behov, och (3) att skapa och implementera specifika databasintegritetsregler. Vidare forskning uppmuntras för att skapa en guide till ramverket om hur man bäst jämför data genom en manuell undersökning, och kvalitetssäkring av källdata.

The daytime serial drama, commercially known as the soap opera, has for a long time been diminished as an inferior artform, which previous research has connected to bias towards its historically predominantly female audience as well as its close relation to advertising. This thesis examines Guiding Light (original title The Guiding Light, CBS, 1937-1956, 1952-2009) and its transition from radio to television in the 1950s by using a historiographical approach through analysis of archive artefacts that cover the decade. The archive material, consisting of newspapers and magazines, have two parts to play: the first regarding the influence of the sponsor Procter & Gamble considering the soap opera’s status as a thriving advertisement vehicle of the time, and the second in the relationship between soap opera and its listeners/viewers throughout the era of transition. Throughout the years that it existed as a combination serial; both factors were seen to play a vital role in shaping the serial, both from an industry point-of-view, and as evident in its text. The two perspectives are often contradictory to one another but the co-existence of them is essential to the shaping of the soap opera’s history writing. Gender ties into both angles as the transition added to a growing social panic surrounding the housewife as a pillar for postwar US-American values.

In 1998 the UN Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement were developed following years of crises faced by the millions of people experiencing forced displacement, especially those internally displaced. These Principles were widely considered to be precedent setting, both historically and normatively. However, the examination of the construction of the international norms that underpin the Principles indicates that there are important epistemological weaknesses in widely used constructivist frameworks that understand normative shifts in international relations. They are critiqued as being impedingly linear, temporally compressed and analytically obstructive in its agent-centric view of norm cascading. This research aims to address some of these gaps with an enhanced life-cycle model using cluster genealogies and the processes of replication and particularization. The reformulated framework is tested for robustness and feasibility using two preliminary cases – UNSC Resolution 1325 and the Chemical Weapons Convention. It is then used to conduct an in-depth original analysis of the development of the 1998 UN Guiding Principles. The findings in the case of the Guiding Principles show, for example, that though the acceptance of the IDP definition was a big leap, the replication and particularization of human rights limits the humanitarian scope of the Guiding Principles, and also brings into question existing humanitarian protection of IDPs under the Geneva Conventions. Meanwhile, rooting them in ‘sovereignty as responsibility’ has not shifted the community of states’ intersubjective take on sovereignty, but it has added to the existing normative tension – individual vs. state – that underpins the very understanding of sovereignty.

The construction and real estate industry represents a significant part of Sweden's total impact on the environment and mainly affects the following national environmental objectives: reduced climate impact, a good built environment and a non-toxic environment. By establishing internal rules, companies within the industry can reduce their environmental impact. SMT (AB Sandvik Materials Technology), a part of the industrial group Sandvik AB, has set a target that during 2014 develop a guiding document with special consider to the environmental impact during construction of office buildings, that they establish at the Swedish regional capital Sandviken, for both internal and external tenants. This study therefore aims to clarify which environmental aspects that the construction and real estate sector mainly are responsible for, and therefore should be part of a guiding document for a company for establishing office buildings, and to present arguments regarding the use of such a document. The study is based on literature studies and personal contact with other companies, in the form of e-mail conversations and a telephone interview. The results of the study have revealed that companies have guiding documents describing their overall environmental work, but there are currently no documented standardized procedures for establishing buildings from the ecological sustainability perspective. A guiding document should originate from the Brundtland Commission's definition of sustainable development that states: "Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs". Sustainable development include three dimensions; ecological, economic and social sustainability, which depend on and influence each other. All together, the study showed that the primary environmental aspects that a guiding document for a company at least should take in consideration, based on the ecological sustainability, are: energy consumption, waste production, greenhouse gas emissions and nitrogen oxide emissions. Suggestions for companies regarding the practical work with these environmental aspects are to focus on BREEAM and to use available product databases such as BASTA, SundaHus and Byggvarubedömningen as complementary tools. Arguments for the use of such a document is that an active environmental program can be used for marketing purposes, potentially provides reduced business costs, reach more customers through new business areas and create and maintain an attractive position due to the growing environmental awareness in the community. / Bygg- och fastighetsbranschen står för en betydande del av Sveriges totala negativa klimatpåverkan och påverkar främst de nationella miljökvalitetsmålen begränsad miljöpåverkan, god bebyggd miljö samt giftfri miljö. Genom att upprätta interna regler har företag inom branschen möjlighet att minska sin miljöpåverkan. SMT (AB Sandvik Materials Technology), en del av industrikoncernen Sandvik AB, har på den svenska huvudorten i Sandviken satt upp ett mål att under 2014 ta fram ett styrdokument med hänsyn till miljöpåverkan under uppförandet av kontorsbyggnader för både interna och externa hyresgäster. Denna studie syftar därför till att klarlägga vilka miljöpåverkansaspekter från bygg- och fastighetssektorn som bör ingå i ett styrdokument för företag vid projektering och produktion av kontorsfastigheter, samt presentera argument gällande användandet av ett sådant styrdokument. Studien baseras på litteraturundersökningar och personlig kontakt med andra företag, i form av e-postkonversationer och en telefonintervju. Resultaten av studien har visat på att företag har styrdokument som beskriver deras övergripande miljöarbete, men att det idag saknas dokumenterade standardiserade arbetssätt för projektering och produktion av fastigheter utifrån ett ekologiskt hållbarhetsperspektiv. Ett styrdokument bör utgå från Brundtlandskommissionens definition på hållbar utveckling, ”En hållbar utveckling är en utveckling som tillfredsställer dagens behov utan att äventyra kommande generationers möjligheter att tillfredsställa sina behov”. Hållbar utveckling omfattar ekologisk, ekonomisk och social hållbarhet. Dessa dimensioner påverkar och är beroende av varandra. Sammantaget visade studien att de primära miljöaspekter som ett styrdokument för företag minst ska ta hänsyn till, med utgångspunkt i den ekologiska hållbarheten, är energianvändning, avfallsgenerering, växthusgasutsläpp samt kväveoxidutsläpp. Som förslag på hur företag praktiskt kan arbeta med dessa miljöpåverkansaspekter är att de inriktar sig mot BREEAM och att de använder tillgängliga produktdatabaser, såsom BASTA, SundaHus och Byggvarubedömningen som kompletterande verktyg. Argument för användandet av ett styrdokument är att ett aktivt miljöarbete kan utnyttjas i marknadsföringssyfte, ger potentiellt minskade företagskostnader, kan nå fler kundgrupper via nya affärsområden samt skapa och bibehålla en attraktiv position i och med en ökande miljömedvetenhet i samhället.

Den europeiska blankålen (Anguilla anguilla) har genomgått en stor populationsminskning de senaste decennierna på grund av antropogena strukturer i form av vattenkraftverk som orsakar fragmentering. Vid vattenkraftverks intagskanaler finns intagsgaller installerade för att förhindra drivgods från att skada turbinerna. Forskning har utvecklat lösningar i form av anpassade galler, med låg lutning, som leder fisken till en flyktöppning vid sidan av kraftverket. Det har observerats att utformningen av gallret påverkar fiskars beteenden och beteendeobservationer kan därför ge viktig kunskap om hur väl åtgärder funkar och vilka förbättringar som krävs. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka beteenderespons och passageframgång för europeisk blankål (Anguilla anguilla) vid tre olika typer av låglutande ß-galler med 30 mm spaltvidd. Man ville också undersöka om det finns någon koppling mellan ålarnas beteenderespons och gallrens vägledande funktion.  Experimentet utfördes vid Vattenfalls Research and Development laboratorium i Älvkarleby. En artificiell miljö i form av en ränna användes för att simulera ett turbinintag. Här testades blankålars (n=69) beteende och passage av tre olika typer av ß-galler med (i) horisontella järn orienterade i linje med vattnets strömriktning (H0), (ii) vertikala järn orienterade i linje med vattnets strömriktning (V0) och (iii) vertikala järn med 60° vinkel mot strömmen (V60). Resultatet visar att det inte finns någon signifikant skillnad i ålarnas beteenderespons mellan de tre olika gallren. Däremot såg man att det fanns en koppling mellan ålarnas beteenderespons och gallrens vägledande förmåga. De ålar som vägleddes av gallren hade huvud som första fysiska kontakt med gallret. Vidare forskning på ålbeteenden vid intagsgaller är nödvändigt för att öka migrationsframgången hos europeisk ål. / The European silver eel (Anguilla anguilla) has undergone a large population decline in recent decades due to anthropogenic factors such as hydropower plant river fragmentation. At the intake channel of hydropower plants there are trash racks for preventing drifting obstacles to damage the turbines. Research has developed solutions such as angled bar racks, which guide fish to a bypass. The design of the racks has been observed has an effect on fish behavior and its therefore important to provide actions and improvements. The aim of this study was to investigate behavioral and passage success of the European silver eel (Anguilla anguilla) of three different types of low-sloping angled bar racks with 30 mm clear spacing and whether there is any connection between the behavioral response of the eels and the guiding function of the racks. The experiment took place at Vattenfall's Research and Development laboratory located in Älvkarleby. A flume resembling an intake channel was used. Here (n=69) eels were tested on three different types of low-sloping angled bar racks: (i) horizontally bars oriented in line with the water current streamwise (H0), (ii) vertical bars oriented in line with the water current streamwise (V0) and (iii) vertical bars with a 60° angle to the current (V60). The result shows that there is no significant difference in the eels behavioral response between the three different racks. However, it was seen that there was a connection between the behavioral response of the eels and the guiding ability of the racks. Al eels that were guided by the racks, only had head as first physical contact with the rack. Further research on eel behaviors at intake racks is necessary to increase the migration success of European eel.

Internationally, the debate on business and human rights has evolved within the last decade, with more efforts being made to address the issue of what role corporations play in the human rights domain. The latest international effort to address the issue was the adoption of the Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights: Implementing the United Nations “Protect, Respect and Remedy Framework” by the United Nations Human Rights Council in 2011. In brief, the Guiding Principles observe that the state must protect human rights, that businesses must respect human rights, and that there should be effective remedies for human rights violations. Locally, the Constitutional Court of South Africa ruled that mineworkers who are eligible to get compensation under the Occupational Diseases in Mines and Works Act had a common law right to sue the employer for injuries sustained at work. This was despite the fact that legislation was put in place to replace the common law liability of an employer for injuries or death sustained at work. On a broader scale, the Guiding Principles then formed the yardstick for the determination of whether there are adequate and effective remedies for human rights violations in the South African mining industry. The investigation essentially leads to the conclusion that the South African state has not fallen short of its duty to protect and to provide sufficient remedies for businessrelated human rights violations in the mining industry. The forums are in place and there is legislation that also provides for compensation as remedies for either injuries or death at work. Some issues of concern are the accessibility of the structures in place to address human rights violations, the disparity between compensation provided for in different legislation, and the lack of a more proactive approach by the Human Rights Commission. / LLM (Import and export Law), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

Internationally, the debate on business and human rights has evolved within the last decade, with more efforts being made to address the issue of what role corporations play in the human rights domain. The latest international effort to address the issue was the adoption of the Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights: Implementing the United Nations “Protect, Respect and Remedy Framework” by the United Nations Human Rights Council in 2011. In brief, the Guiding Principles observe that the state must protect human rights, that businesses must respect human rights, and that there should be effective remedies for human rights violations. Locally, the Constitutional Court of South Africa ruled that mineworkers who are eligible to get compensation under the Occupational Diseases in Mines and Works Act had a common law right to sue the employer for injuries sustained at work. This was despite the fact that legislation was put in place to replace the common law liability of an employer for injuries or death sustained at work. On a broader scale, the Guiding Principles then formed the yardstick for the determination of whether there are adequate and effective remedies for human rights violations in the South African mining industry. The investigation essentially leads to the conclusion that the South African state has not fallen short of its duty to protect and to provide sufficient remedies for businessrelated human rights violations in the mining industry. The forums are in place and there is legislation that also provides for compensation as remedies for either injuries or death at work. Some issues of concern are the accessibility of the structures in place to address human rights violations, the disparity between compensation provided for in different legislation, and the lack of a more proactive approach by the Human Rights Commission. / LLM (Import and export Law), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014