Le procès civil est le cadre traditionnel de réalisation de la justice des particuliers, et les règles qui le gouvernent se trouvent synthétisées dans les 24 premiers articles du CPC qui en énoncent les principes directeurs. Ces derniers organisent la répartition des charges processuelles entre les différents acteurs du procès, et déterminent ainsi l’essentiel de l’office du juge qui est construit autour du modèle contentieux du procès civil, taillé pour le juge du fond. Cependant, ce modèle subit des atténuations pour des raisons principalement d’équité ou de diligence, alors même que l’affaire qui est soumise au juge relève de la matière contentieuse. Dans la procédure gracieuse et dans celle de cassation, c’est la nature de la mission confiée au juge qui justifie parfois les atténuations apportées à ces principes, et parfois même leur effacement. Par ailleurs, l’action du juge à l’égard de ces principes directeurs va aussi dans le sens de leur adaptation aux évolutions juridiques et socio-économiques. Elle se traduit essentiellement d’une part, par une recherche d’effectivité de ces principes que le juge civil français n’hésite plus à rattacher à des normes supérieures, et d’autre part, par une recherche de leur efficience par le biais des techniques d’interprétation. Si dans le premier cas les phénomènes d’internationalisation et de constitutionnalisation du droit permettent d’expliquer une telle action, dans le second, se pose la question de la légitimité de la démarche. Notre pensée est que le juge d’aujourd’hui est aussi un juge gestionnaire dans un contexte d’accroissement de la demande de justice et de raréfaction des ressources allouées à la justice / Civil trial is the traditional framework where justice of individuals is usually delivered, and the rules which govern it are synthesized in the first 24 articles of the code of civil procedure which set out the guiding principles. The latter organize the sharing of procedural responsibilities between the different actors of the lawsuit, and determine the main part of the office of the judge built around the contentious model of the civil proceedings, cut for the ruling on the judges of the affairs. This model undergoes legal mitigations, mainly for reasons of equity or diligence, even though the case which is submitted to the judge is a matter of the contentious material. In the submission for an out-of-court settlement and that of the appeal to the supreme court, it is the nature of the mission entrusted to the judge who sometimes justifies the mitigations brought to these guiding principles, and sometimes even their disappearance. The action of the judge towards these principles also goes to the direction of their adaptation to evolutions so legal as Socio-Economic. It is essentially translated on the one hand, by a research for effectiveness of these principles which the judge does not hesitate to connect with superior standards, and on the other hand, by a research for their efficiency by means of the technique of interpretation. If in the first case the internationalization and constitutionnalisation explain such an action, the second case raises itself the question of the legitimacy of such an approach. Today’s judge is also a manager, especially in an increasing context of justice request and rarefaction of the resources assigned to the judicial administration

The theme running through this dissertation is intended to prove that the Supreme Court has a role to play in the promotion, enforcement and sustenance of a proper democratic system of government, good governance and fundamental human rights and freedoms in Ghana. The Study would therefore address the role of the Supreme Court in the development of Constitutional Law in Ghana, with particular emphasis on the court's contribution to the underlying concepts of the Fourth Republican Constitution of 1992; the guiding principles of constitutional interpretation and the vexed issue of whether the court should adopt a mechanical and literal approach to the interpretation of the Constitution or adopt a liberal, beneficent and purposive approach. The Supreme Court has asserted in the locus classicus decision: Tuffuor v Attorney-General [1980] GLR 637 that the 1979 Constitution as the supreme law, must be construed as a living political document capable of growth. Is there any evidence now to support that claim? The study shall also investigate the question of the power of the Supreme Court to review legislative and executive action. We shall also examine the role of the Supreme Court in the interpretation and enforcement of the Constitution and Fundamental Human Rights and Freedoms in relation to the rights and obligations of the individual and the State with the view to achieving good governance. The 1992 Constitution itself is founded on the premise that there are limitations to the enjoyment of fundamental human rights and freedoms. What is the extent of such limitations as determined by the Supreme Court? What has been the Supreme Court's contribution to the sustenance of political stability and democratic governance and, especially, in matters relating to coup d'etats and to enforcement of the Constitution itself as distinct from the enforcement of fundamental human rights and freedoms? Has the Supreme Court power to enforce the Constitution and the existing law where there is proven case of injustice and illegality? Has the Supreme Court power to enforce Directive Principles of State Policy as formulated in chapter 6 of the 1992 Ghana Constitution? / Jurisprudence / LL.D.

A l’heure du développement des nouvelles technologies et de la multiplication deshypothèses de représentation, la présence physique et personnelle des différentsprotagonistes du procès dans les lieux de justice interroge. Mode traditionnel d’organisationdes rapports processuels, la présence paraît aujourd’hui remise en cause, notamment enraison des lourdeurs de la procédure qu’elle entraînerait. Pourtant, dans le même temps, desvoix s’élèvent pour reconnaître l’existence d’un principe de présence.La présence des acteurs du procès doit en effet conserver sa place au sein du droitprocessuel, en raison de sa légitimité tant juridique qu’économique dans l’organisation duprocès. Elle apparaît alors comme le substrat d’un principe directeur du procès selon lequelles opérations procédurales déterminantes sur l’issue du litige se déroulent en présence desparties, duquel découleraient de nombreuses situations juridiques présentielles. Ce nouveauprincipe de présence, encore à l’état latent à l’heure actuelle, gagnerait à être renforcé afinde préserver une justice à visage humain. / At the time of the development of new technologies and the increase of legalrepresentation cases, physical and personal presence of trial actors in the justice‘s premisesquestions. The presence, which is considered as the traditional method of organizingprocedural relationships, seems to raise some doubts today, especially because of thecumbersomeness of the procedure involved. Nevertheless, at the same time, voices makethem heard to recognize the existence of a principle of presence.Indeed, the presence of the trial actors should hold its place in the procedural law, becauseof its legal as well as economic legitimacy in the organization of the trial. It appears as thebasis of a guiding principle of the trial according to which the determining proceduraloperations on the outcome of the trial occur in the presence of the parties. From this basis, itfollows many legal situations of presence. This new principle of presence, still at a latentstate for the moment, would benefit from being strengthened in order to preserve the humanface of justice.

Text in Afrikaans / This study is aimed at the development of a guiding framework for fathers and their adolescent sons by focusing on male identity as the main binding factor in the relationship between father a and son. The establishment, as well as the confusion regarding male identity, have been stated as starting point and problem statement of the study. The need regarding the way in which the father and son can be guided within this dynamic relationship in order to establish male identity, has been stated as motivation for the study. The need regarding the guidance of fathers and their sons was thus the primary aim with the research question, namely what the most applicable factors in a guiding framework should be that would guide fathers and their sons in order to support the formation of male identity within the sons. The research methodology that has been followed, was from a Gestalt perspective as meta theoretical assumption from which qualitative, explorative and descriptive strategies were followed. The qualitative strategy consisted of an auto-ethnography and semi-structured interviews. The trustworthiness of the research has been strengthened by a quantitative component of the research by utilizing questionnaires, after which data was collected and analysed. A purposive sample was drawn that included respondents from the Drakenstein municipal area in the Boland district. Categories that were identified from data from the semi-structured interviews, as well as indicators from the questionnaires, have been integrated, from which propositions were constructed. Six themes and resulting guiding strategies were presented in the form of a guiding framework. / Hierdie studie is gerig op die ontwikkeling van 'n begeleidingsraamwerk vir vaders en hulle adolessente seuns deur te fokus op manlike identiteit as die samebindende faktor in die verhouding tussen vader en seun. Die vestiging, asook die verwarring ten opsigte van manlike identiteit, is as vertrekpunt en probleemstelling vir die studie gestel. Die behoefte ten opsigte van die manier waarop vader en seun binne hierdie dinamiese verhouding begelei kan word ten einde manlike identiteit te vestig, is as motivering vir die studie gestel. Die behoefte aan begeleiding vir vaders en huile seuns was dus die primere doel met 'n navorsingsvraag, naamlik wat die mees toepaslike faktore sal wees wat in 'n begeleidingsraamwerk aan vaders en hulle seuns leiding sal bied ten einde die vorming van manlike identiteit by die seuns te ondersteun. Die navorsingsmetodologie wat gevolg is, was vanuit die Gestaltperspekief as metateoretiese aanname waaruit kwalitatiewe, verkennende en beskrywende strategies gevolg is. Die kwalitatiewe strategie het bestaan uit 'n outoetnografie en semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude. Die vertrouenswaardigheid van die navorsing is deur 'n kwantitatiewe komponent van die navorsing versterk deur vraelyste te benut waarna data ingesamel en geanaliseer is. 'n Doelgerigte steekproef is getrek, wat respondente ingesluit het uit die Drakenstein munisipale gebied in die Boland distrik. Kategoriee wat vanuit die data van die semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude geidentifiseer is, asook indikatore vanuit die vraelyste, is geintegreer waaruit proposisies saamgestel is. Ses temas en voortspruitende begeleidingstrategiee is aangebied in die vorm van 'n begeleidingsraamwerk. / Social Work / D.Diac. (Spelterapie)

This thesis firstly attempts to provide a theoretical basis for how the complex cases related to corporate misbehaviour in relation to human rights respect should be handled. Secondly, it attempts to critically examine how well the Swedish National Contact Point (SNCP) functionsin relation to its goals through the usage of elite interviews. Thirdly and finally it also explores the interest of concerned stakeholders in finding other non-judicial conflictmanagement mechanisms for cases within the CSR – human rights nexus at other mediation institutions such as the Stockholm Chamber of Commerce (SCC) and/or the InternationalChamber of Commerce (ICC). The thesis argues that it is possible and advisable to apply Dworkin’s idea of hard cases to the conflictual cases appearing within CSR-human rights nexus in Sweden. It directs criticism towards the usage of opaque social pressure currently applied when hard cases within the CSR-human rights nexus are to be solved. It argues that usage of such pressure both makes it hard to follow up on decisions made and makes it questionable whether victims of human rights abuses related to corporate conduct are provided with effective access to remedy. It suggests that Dworkin’s general principles of equal respect and concern is a least common denominator for the demands placed on conflict management mechanisms within the CSRhuman rights nexus by both relevant soft law instruments and respondents in the elite interviews carried out for the thesis. As a result of the interview survey the thesis draws the conclusion that the SNCP to a major extent seems to have failed in the fulfilment of its goals and the expectations placed upon it as stipulated by the OECD 2000 guidelines. What is more the SNCP seems little equipped to meet the requirements of the 2011 version of the OECD guidelines and the UN Guiding Principles unless some sincere and large scale efforts are made by the Swedish government and other concerned parties in the SNC’s regeneration. The thesis found the interest among concerned stakeholders for alternative conflict management mechanisms at the SCC and the ICC to be generally low. Respondents generally thought that the challenges for such private institutions to procure the confidence of both sides in a conflict would be too difficult for them to overcome.

Cette thèse propose différentes méthodes théoriques et numériques pour simuler à coût réduit le comportement des plasmas ou des faisceaux de particules chargées sous l’action d’un champ magnétique fort. Outre le champ magnétique externe, chaque particule est soumise à champ électromagnétique créé par les particules elles-mêmes. Dans les modèles cinétiques, les particules sont représentées par une fonction de distribution f(x,v,t) qui vérifie l’équation de Vlasov. Afin de déterminer le champ électromagnétique, cette équation est couplée aux équations de Maxwell ou de Poisson. L’aspect champ magnétique fort est alors pris en compte par un dimensionnement adéquat qui fait apparaître un paramètre de perturbation singulière 1/ε. / This thesis is devoted to the study of charged particle beams under the action of strong magnetic fields. In addition to the external magnetic field, each particle is submitted to an electromagnetic field created by the particles themselves. In kinetic models, the particles are represented by a distribution function f(x,v,t) solution of the Vlasov equation. To determine the electromagnetic field, this equation is coupled with the Maxwell equations or with the Poisson equation. The strong magnetic field assumption is translated by a scaling wich introduces a singular perturbation parameter 1/ε.

Cette thèse porte sur les équations gyro-cinétiques et traite un développement rigoureux deslimites de l'équation de Vlasov avec différents opérateurs de collision dans un champ magnétiquefort, ainsi que du développement de méthodes numériques.On commence par une étude de l'opérateur de moyenne. L'opérateur de moyenne a été développé parM. Bostan dans le cadre général d'une équation pour laquelle une partie du transport estfortement pénalisée. Puis, on applique ces résultats généraux aux deux régimes limites que nousétudions : le régime du rayon de Larmor fini et le régime centre-guide.On s'intéresse au calcul précis et explicite de la moyenne de l'opérateur de Fokker-Planck-Landau. On se place pour cela dans le cas du régime du rayon de Larmor fini. Avant de réaliserles calculs sur l'opérateur de Fokker-Planck-Landau, qui contient des convolutions et des termesde diffusion, il semble raisonnable de calculer la moyenne de l'opérateur de relaxation deBoltzmann, dont l'expression est plus simple.On se place ensuite dans le cas du régime centre-guide et on présente un schéma numérique basésur une décomposition micro-macro de la fonction de distribution des particules qui provientd'un travail en collaboration avec N. Crouseilles et M. Lemou. On obtient un schéma uniformémentconsistant avec le modèle continu, pour tout ordre du champ magnétique. Des simulationsnumériques, basées sur cette approche, ont été réalisées à l'aide d'un code de calcul 2D quel'on a développé durant cette thèse.On présente ensuite un projet réalisé dans le cadre du Cemracs 2012, consacré à la modélisationdes écoulements sanguins dans le réseau veineux cérébral. / The main subject of this thesis is the gyro-kinetic equation. We present a rigourousdeveloppement of the Vlasov equation limits with different collision operator in a strongmagnetic field and numerical methods.We start with a study of the gyro-average operator. The average operator has been introduced byM. Bostan in the case of an equation where part of the transport is highly penalised. Then weapply our results at the two approximation we study : the finite Larmor radius approximation andthe guiding-center approximation.We first focus on the precise and explicit computation of the Fokker-Planck-Landau operatoraverage in the finite Larmor radius approximation. The Fokker-Planck-Landau operator containsconvolution and diffusion terms, it is then reasonable to first compute the average of theBoltzmann relaxation operator.We then focus on the guiding-center approximation and present a numerical scheme based on amicro-macro decomposition of the particles distribution fonction which comes from a joint workwith N. Crouseilles and M. Lemou. We obtain a scheme which is uniformly consistant with thecontinuous model for any order of the magnetic field. Numerical simulation based on thisapproach are presented.The last chapter of this thesis presents a project which was realised during the Cemracs 2012concerning the modelisation of blood flow in cerebral veins.

Der vorliegende Beitrag behandelt die kinematische und statische Analyse eines Biglide-Getriebes mit fünf Gliedern und zwei Schubantrieben zur Führung eines Punktes in der x-y-Ebene. Als mathematische Hilfsmittel werden die beiden Programme PTC Mathcad Prime 3.1 und GeoGebra 5.0 eingesetzt, die sich einander in hervorragender Weise ergänzen. Dabei ist Mathcad hier vorwiegend für Matrizenrechnungen und GeoGebra besonders anschaulich für geometrische Grundaufgaben mit Animationen zuständig. Die Effizienz der vorgestellten Algorithmen und Hilfsmittel wird anhand zweier Anwendungsbeispiele aufgezeigt.

The electric vehicle industry is under rapid development and the fleet of chargeable cars in society is increasing fast. As a result, a high demand for public chargers has emerged. Simultaneous to the expansion of the electric vehicle fleet and charging infrastructure the power grid is occasionally highly strained. Additionally, factors like cities expanding and the digitization of society also have a large effect on the power grid. This master's thesis investigates the characteristics of electric vehicle users and presents a prototype of an information display for electric vehicle charging stations. The design is is based on the user studies and founded in theory about sustainable user behaviour with the goal of encouraging behaviours that minimize the strain on the local power grid of Uppsala. It concerns the research topic of how to design for sustainable behaviour and address research questions of how to design electric vehicle charging station information to communicate multiple charging alternatives to a broad variety of users. The work reveals that electric vehicle users suffer from the charging infrastructure being underdeveloped, feel frustration towards payment solutions available and lack information regarding electric vehicle use. Also, electric vehicle user's common passion for tech and environmental consciousness are revealed in the study. These facts are used as the foundation for the mobile application design prototype suggested.

Despite the many technological advancements made in the music industry in recent years, there is still not a single widely adopted platform for musicians to play music together online. In 2020, the Covid-19 pandemic and the subsequent quarantine pushed the need for such a platform into the spotlight. As a response, the music company Elk Audio launched their new product: Aloha. Aloha is a combined hardware and web application that allows musicians to play music in real-time over the Internet. Aloha is currently only intended for musicians who already know each other to connect and play. However, Elk's ambition is to make it the go-to platform for musicians to expand their network.  The purpose of this Master's Thesis is to design the next version of the web application of Aloha, focusing on social interactions. This Master's Thesis investigates musicians' current social and musical behaviour, and their opinions of how this can be done online. Qualitative data was collected by performing semi-structured interviews with musicians of different backgrounds. The study revealed many different goals and needs of potential users of Aloha. Furthermore, we found several determining factors which enable and encourage musicians to form new musical relationships online. The final suggested design is based on the analysed data and founded in theory regarding persuasive and recommending system design, among others. / Trots de tekniska framstegen som gjorts inom musikindustrin de senaste åren, finns det fortfarande inte ett enda allmänt accepterat alternativ för musiker att spela musik tillsammans online. Covid-19 pandemin och den åtföljande karantänten förde behovet för en sådan plattform till rampljuset. I början av år 2020 insåg musikföretaget Elk Audio att de kunde fylla denna lucka med sin nya produkt: Aloha. Aloha är en kombinerad hårdvara och webbapplikation som möjliggör musiker att spela musik i realtid över Internet. Aloha är för närvarande endast avsedd för musiker som redan känner varandra. Elks ambition är dock att göra Aloha till en plattform för musiker där de kan utöka sitt musikaliska nätverk. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att utforma nästa version av Alohas webbapplikation, med fokus på sociala interaktioner. Detta examensarbete undersöker musikers nuvarande sociala och musikaliska beteenden och deras åsikter om musikaliska interaktioner online. Kvalitativa data samlades in genom att utföra halvstrukturerade intervjuer med musiker från olika bakgrunder. Studien avslöjade de många olika målen och behoven hos potentiella användare av Aloha. Dessutom fann vi flera avgörande faktorer som möjliggör och uppmuntrar musiker att skapa och underhålla nya musikrelationer online. Den slutliga föreslagna designen baseras på det analyserade datat och grundas i teori om design av rekommendationssystem, m. fl..