The term nationalism in music usually refers to a movement from the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and is most often employed to describe the various European national schools that included folk elements in their music and consciously tried to separate themselves from the standards set in the Classical period by the French, Italian and especially the German traditionalists. In Latin America there was also a development of nationalism in music in the twentieth century. Countries from this continent, once politically independent, became interested in solidifying and glorifying their national identities. This essay will discuss the history and tradition of Venezuelan folk and academic music through the guitar compositions of Antonio Lauro, who was best known for his nationalistic trend to rescue and to celebrate the Venezuelan nation's musical traditions. I have also chosen eight waltzes and the Suite Venezolana for guitar by the same composer, which are both representative works of Venezuelan academic and folklore music, and I have created a piano transcription. Aiming a new inclusion and expansion of the stagnant Venezuelan piano repertoire, with my hope they become useful compositions for the pianists' personal study and aid.

Submitted by PAULO CÉSAR VERISSIMO ROMÃO (paulinhoverissimo@hotmail.com) on 2017-11-08T17:23:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE Paulo César Veríssimo Romão.pdf: 2989029 bytes, checksum: 02b87fe7ba51948a3630690e296f018a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luiz Galeffi (luizgaleffi@gmail.com) on 2017-11-16T18:40:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 romao_pcv_dr_ia.pdf: 2989029 bytes, checksum: 02b87fe7ba51948a3630690e296f018a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-16T18:40:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 romao_pcv_dr_ia.pdf: 2989029 bytes, checksum: 02b87fe7ba51948a3630690e296f018a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O presente trabalho descreveu o percurso histórico do violão, utilizado como instrumento executor do repertório erudito. Procuramos compreender como se deu o fenômeno de inserção do violão nos ambientes de concerto e nas instituições formais de ensino. Para tanto, realizamos uma pesquisa documental, seguida de uma pesquisa de reminiscências. A primeira parte da tese trata dos aspectos socioculturais do modernismo no Brasil. No momento posterior, avaliei as possíveis aproximações entre as teorias modernistas e a produção de obras para violão erudito. Ao final, procurei elencar algumas personagens significativas para a história do violão erudito, sobretudo professores. Pude concluir que o processo a utilização do violão como instrumento erudito ocorreu gradativamente, e teve resistência por parte da população e dos órgãos de imprensa. Essa resistência diminuiu por alguns fatores: a realização de transcrições para violão de obras canônicas do repertório europeu; a presença de violonistas estrangeiros, que trouxeram ao país a cultura do violão erudito; o adensamento das atividades de concertistas brasileiros no exterior; a formalização do ensino de violão erudito nas escolas, conservatórios e universidades. / The present work describes the historical course of the guitar, used as an instrument for the classical repertoire. Our attempt was to understand how the insertion of the guitar occurred in concert environments and in formal educational institutions. To do so, we performed a research based on documents, followed by a research of reminiscences. The first part of the thesis presents the socio-cultural aspects of modernism in Brazil. Afterwards, I evaluated the possible approximations between the modernist theories and the production of works for erudite guitar. Finally, I tried to list some significant characters for the history of the erudite guitar, especially teachers. I could conclude that the process the use of the guitar as an erudite instrument occurred gradually, and there were resistances by the population and the press. This resistance was reduced by some factors: the transcriptions for guitar of canonical works of the European repertoire; The presence of foreign guitarists, who brought to the country the culture of the erudite guitar; The thickening of Brazilian guitarists’ activities abroad; The formalization of the teaching of learned guitar in schools, conservatories and universities.

A pesquisa apresenta o violão enquanto instrumento musical chave de leituras sociais, e sua performance enquanto dado etnográfico. Foram feitos questionamentos em torno da dimensão ideológica do assim chamado \"violão brasileiro\": a construção do(s) seu(s) discurso(s) e as relações de poder que implicam pensar em sua historiografia. Numa abordagem qualitativa, a tese baseia suas aproximações nas análises de teorias etnomusicológicas sobre os instrumentos musicais, numa amostra de teses e dissertações brasileiras focadas no violão, e entrevistas em profundidade com intérpretes, compositores, professores, luthiers, pesquisadores e jornalistas. Como resultado, nessa sistematização de atores, acepções e apropriações que o termo \"violão brasileiro\" suporta, apresenta-se categorias e modelos analíticos para compreender essa teia de instâncias sociais oriundas de uma \"memória dos cordófonos dedilhados\", memória esta reconhecida posteriormente no violão e que batizamos de \"identidade transitiva\". / The research presents the guitar as musical instrument and key reading in social aspects, and its performance as ethnographic data. Questions were raised about the ideological dimension of the so-called \"Brazilian guitar\": the construction of its discourse (s) and the power relations that imply thinking about its historiography. From a qualitative approach, the thesis bases its approaches in the analysis of ethnomusicological theories on musical instruments, in a sample of Brazilian theses and dissertations focusing on the guitar, and in-depth interviews with performers, composers, teachers, luthiers, researchers and journalists. As a result, in this systematization of actors, meanings and appropriations supported by the term \"Brazilian guitar\", categories and analytical models are presented to understand this assemblage of social instances originating from a \"memory of the strumming cordophones\", a memory later recognized in the guitar and which we call \"transitive identity\".

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur elgitarrlärare går tillväga när de undervisar i elgitarrspel med plektrum och vilka de största tekniska utmaningarna är som uppkommer för studenten. Datainsamlingen har genomförts genom kvalitativa intervjuer med tre erfarna elgitarrpedagoger. Studien utgår från ett hermeneutiskt perspektiv. Resultatet visar att de tre pedagogerna till stor del låter eleverna själva välja hur de ska spela. Pedagogerna nämner några vanliga fel som eleverna gör, till exempel: de förankrar inte fingrarna eller handen i gitarren, plektrumet trycks för långt in mellan strängarna och att de håller plektrumet för hårt eller för löst. / The purpose of this study was to investigate how electric guitar teachers go about teaching plectrum techniques and what the greatest challenges are for the student. The data collection has been conducted through qualitative interviews with three experienced electric guitar teachers. The study is based on a hermeneutic perspective. The result shows that the three educators largely allow students to choose how to play. The pedagogues mention some common mistakes that the students do, for example: they do not anchor their fingers or hand to the guitar, the plectrum is pushed too far in between the strings and that the plectrum is held either to firm or to soft.

I studien utforskas användandet av högerhandens lillfinger i klassiskt gitarrspel. Genom videoanalys och loggbok beskrivs övningsprocesser, problem och lösningar samt upplevelser kring användandet av högerhandens lillfinger. För att få ett anatomiskt perspektiv genomfördes även en intervju med en specialist inom handkirurgi. Arbetet avslutades med att en etyd komponerades med målet att se i vilka musikaliska sammanhang lillfingret kan bidra till den musikaliska gestaltningen. / This study explores the use of the little finger of the right hand in classical guitar playing. Through video analysis and logbook, the practice processes, problems, and solutions were described, as well as experiences on the use of the right hand's little finger. An interview with a hand surgery specialist was also conducted to provide an anatomical perspective. The work ended with a composing of an etude in order to investigate in what musical contexts the little finger can contribute to musical performance.

"Guidelines for Transcribing Baroque Lute Music for the Modern Guitar, Using Silvius Leopold Weiss's Sonata 36 (from the Dresden Manuscript) as a Model" analyzes the process of creating guitar transcriptions of Weiss's music. The methodology unfolds through three steps: 1) rendering the tablature into modern guitar notation, 2) analyses of stylistic issues for the definition of fingerings on the guitar, and 3) two categories of ornamental practices—essential embellishments and diminutions. In addition, the study includes a discussion about an alternative tuning and presents a suggested prelude for Sonata 36 from the Dresden manuscript. The purpose of this research is twofold: first, to create a new guitar transcription of a sonata by Weiss, analyzing the challenges inherent in this process, and second, to train intermediate and advanced guitar students to develop their own original transcriptions following the model presented in this study.

This thesis examines the rise of the electric guitar in the United States – arguably the most iconic and successful musical instrument of the 20th century – and the role of George Beauchamp in its invention and development. It focuses on Beauchamp's invention of the electromagnetic pickup, which is the component that makes an electric guitar an electric guitar. The research is based on examination of surviving instruments as well as archival research. An extensive contextual background is given regarding the historical development of electrical musical instruments in general and electric and electrified stringed instruments in particular. The instruments manufactured by Beauchamp’s company, the Electro String Instrument Corporation are discussed as well as difficulties and litigation Beauchamp and his company were faced with while trying to bring the instruments to market. The thesis focuses on the period between the first electrification of a fretted string instrument in 1890, and the conclusion of “the Miessner matter” (a period of prolonged threatened legal action against Electro String and other electric guitar manufacturers) in 1939. The thesis also considers competing pickup systems that emerged in the wake of Beauchamp's invention.

Ecumene is a word describing the collective traditions and influence of a geographically and historically recognizable culture; in this study, the inhabitants of the Balkan region. In compositions by Dusan Bogdanovic (b.1955), Nikos Mamangakis (b. 1929) and Ian Krouse (b.1956), Balkan ecumene can be heard shaping modern repertoire for the classical guitar. In this study, relevant geography is first outlined, followed by a detailed investigation of how specific Balkan rhythms, melodies, and harmonies are used in selected works by these composers. The works are: Six Balkan Miniatures by Bogdanovic;, Hassapiko and Tsifteteli from Folk Dance Suite by Mamangakis, and Variations on a Moldavian Hora by Krouse. An exploration of other academic study into musical synthesis gives context to the blending of Eastern European folk music and Western classical art music found here.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Anton Webern’s Op. 18 stands at nearly the exact center of his published work. Though it was in his Op. 17 that Webern began working with ordered pitches, there are some logistic struggles evident in his diversions from the row throughout that work. It is in Op. 18 that Webern first consistently uses a row in its complete, unchanged form. His increasing mastery of this style of composition is shown throughout Op. 18, a collection of three songs; the first with a single row repeated with no permutations of any kind; in the 2nd song, inversions and retrograde are introduced; and in the final song Webern experiments with simultaneous unique row forms for each instrument. These songs feature a guitar, E-flat clarinet, and soprano voice, with the first song a setting of a folk text. In this dissertation I argue that Webern’s later style–his orchestration, harmonic progressions, and formal structures–grows out of his choice of guitar as harmonic foundation in Op. 18. In my analysis I look at row construction and usage, as well as orchestrational considerations, folk implications, text setting, and specific voice-leading properties of Webern’s Opp. 18, 25, and 30. In so doing I will uncover a link between Webern’s pivotal Op. 18 song cycle, with the guitar playing a central role, and many of his compositional choices in his later works. My analysis looks at Webern’s works through the lens of a guitarist. I will explore the piano accompaniment of Op. 25 as if it were written for guitar, and do the same for his Op. 30 Variations for Orchestra. These analyses will show that his later works, and later style in general, have an underlying idiomatic character of guitar music. I argue that Webern’s late works feature, as a result, are his own version of folk music through their simplicity, clarity of form, and overall encapsulation of the sound of the guitar.