Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:16:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008- Maria Zenaide de Lima Moreno Fernandes.pdf: 4713412 bytes, checksum: 57a28d8e279fb4420bec3cd0b2754889 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-21 / The pharmacological tests were conducted from March 2004 to January 2007 in the Annex to the Biot?rio Experimental Center of Agricultural Sciences (CCA) at the Universidade Federal of Piau? (UFPI). The plant material was collected in the states of Piau? and Maranh?o, and identified by a boatanist from the Graziela Barroso Herbarium (CCN/UFPI). It was determined the antihelmintic activity in vitro of aqueous (AE) and ethanolic (EE) extracts of the plants Annona squamosa, Hymenea courbaril, Operculina macrocarpa, Simarouba versicolor and Scoparia dulcis on Ascaridia galli and in vivo on the nematodes Ascaridia galli and Heterakis gallinarum. The in vitro tests were performed in adults helminth, male/female, collected the small intestine of chiken necropsied. Parasites were placed in Petri plates, divided into groups of ten/plates with three replicates for each concentration. These contain the extracts in volumes of 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32mL plus of 58, 56, 52, 44 and 28 mL of the Tyrode solution completing a volume of 60 mL/plate. The plates were incubated in B.O.D. at 37 ? C (? 1) and observed each 24 h, totaling 96 h. In this period there was the percentage of mortality and were considered dead those parasites with loss of motility after mild pressure. In vivo assays anthelmintic activity used up 108 adult chicken, with average weight of 1.5 kg, divided in 14 test groups of six animals. We used one positive control group (piperazine tetrahidrate), three negative controls groups: distilled water for aqueous extract and DMSO and Tween 80 to ethanolic extract, a total of 18 groups. The results were evaluated by analysis of variance of the average percentage of mortality over time (SAEG and SAS). The higher percentage of in vitro mortality test on the A. galli were registered as AE's sumidade florida of S. dulcis and A. squamosa being 30.7% and 66.7% respectively, while the EE was more effective for the H. courbaril, stem from the S. dulci; O. macrocarpa and S. versicolor with percentage of 70.7%, 46.0%, 38.7% and 26.7%, respectively. In vivo tests in the AE of A. squamosa presented the greatest percentage of elimination of A. galli (38.95%). The AE also was the most effective for sumidade florida, stem and root of S. dulcis and for the S. versicolor removing 28.68%, 21.38% 36.23% and 19.32%, respectively. The plants O. macrocarpa and H. courbaril showed no significant difference (P> 0.05) between the percentage of extracts with the elimination for AE of 23.64% and 24.5% and the EE of 22.4% and 27.03% respectively. In tests with H. gallinarum the percentage of elimination were insignificant for most plants, where only the S. versicolor had percentuals elimination of more expressive with 20.22% for EA and 29.15% for EE and for A. squamosa, confirming in vitro results, AE had his best action with 20.60% of elimination. These results suggest that although the percentage of elimination of the test in vivo have been lower than in vitro test, they confirmed that the A. galli was more sensitive to treatment that H. gallinarum probably because this parasite stay at cecum and the substances responsible for action on the A. galli were present mostly in aqueous fraction and the H. gallinarum in alcoholic fraction. / Os ensaios farmacol?gicos foram conduzidos de mar?o de 2004 a janeiro de 2007 no Anexo do Biot?rio Experimental do Centro de Ci?ncias Agr?rias (CCA) da Universidade Federal do Piau? (UFPI). A mat?ria vegetal foi coletada nos Estados do Piau? e Maranh?o e identificadas no Herb?rio Graziela Barroso (UFPI). Determinou-se a atividade anti-helm?ntica in vitro dos extratos aquosos (EA) e etan?licos (EE) das plantas Annona squamosa, Hymenea courbaril, Operculina macrocarpa, Simarouba versicolor e Scoparia dulcis sobre Ascaridia galli e in vivo sobre os nemat?ides Ascaridia galli e Heterakis gallinarum. Os testes in vitro foram realizados em helmintos adultos, machos/f?meas, coletadas do intestino delgado de aves necropsiadas. Os parasitos foram colocados em placas de Petri, divididos em grupos de dez/placa com tr?s repeti??es para cada concentra??o. Estas continham os extratos nos volumes de 2, 4, 8, 16 e 32 mL acrescidos de 58, 56, 52, 44 e 28 mL da solu??o de Tyrode , completando um volume final de 60 mL/placa. As placas foram incubadas em B.O.D. a 37?C (?1) e observadas a cada 24 h. totalizando 96 h. Neste per?odo verificou-se o percentual de mortalidade, sendo considerados mortos aqueles com perda de motilidade ap?s leve press?o. Na avalia??o da atividade anti-helm?ntica in vivo utilizou-se 108 aves adultas, com peso m?dio de 1,5 kg, divididas em grupos de seis animais, sendo constitu?dos 14 grupos testes, um controle positivo (piperazina tetrahidratada), tr?s grupos controles negativos: ?gua destilada para o extrato aquoso e DMSO e Tween 80 para o extrato etan?lico, num total de 18 grupos. Os resultados foram avaliados por meio da an?lise de vari?ncia do percentual m?dio de mortalidade ao longo do tempo (SAEG e SAS). Os maiores percentuais de mortalidade obtidos no teste in vitro sobre A. galli foram registrados no EA da sumidade florida de S. dulci e de A. squamosa sendo 30,7% e 66,7%, respectivamente. Quanto ao EE este foi mais eficaz para H. courbaril, caule da S. dulci; O. macrocarpa e S. versicolor com percentuais de 70,7%; 46,0%; 38,7% e 26,7%, respectivamente. Nos testes in vivo o EA de A. squamosa foi o que apresentou maior percentual de elimina??o de A. galli (38,95%). O EA tamb?m foi o mais eficaz para a sumidade florida, caule e raiz de S. dulci e para S. versicolor eliminando 28,68%, 21,38%, 36,23% e 19,32%, respectivamente. As plantas O. macrocarpa e H. courbaril n?o apresentaram diferen?a significativa (P>0,05) entre os extratos com percentuais de elimina??o para o EA de 23,64% e 24,5% e para o EE de 22,4% e 27,03%, respectivamente. Nos testes com H. gallinarum os percentuais de elimina??o foram insignificantes para maioria das plantas, onde apenas S. versicolor teve percenturais de elimina??o mais expressivos com 20,22% para o EA e 29,15% para o EE e ainda, a A. squamosa, que confirmando os testes in vitro teve no EA sua melhor a??o com 20,60% de elimina??o. Estes resultados sugerem que embora os percentuais de elimina??o do teste in vivo tenham sido inferiores ?queles obtidos no teste in vitro , eles confirmaram que A. galli foi mais sens?vel aos tratamentos que H. gallinarum provalmente pela localiza??o do segundo (ceco) e que as subst?ncias respons?veis pela a??o sobre A. galli estavam presentes na sua maioria na fra??o aquosa e sobre H. gallinarum na fra??o alco?lica.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio University, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 215-226).

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How much was a medieval monastery reminiscent of a modern prison? Or insane asylum? And if it was in the least - what can such a metaphor tell us about power relations structuring the life of medieval monks? The purpose of this compilation thesis (sammanläggningsavhandling) is to render explicit and analyze relations of power and modes of control comprising the social tissue of early medieval Benedictine monasteries. By bringing up the examples of tenth- and eleventh-century monasteries of St Gall, Fulda, and Bury St Edmunds, this thesis seeks to understand what power was in medieval monasteries, how and between whom it was exercised, what and how it affected in terms of collective and individual identity. The thesis consists of three introductory chapters, four previously published empirical articles, and a concluding remarks section. Article 1 investigates the problem of surveillance and patterns of social control dispersed in the monastery of St Gall. Article 2 studies the early and high medieval institutional expectations and means of enforcement of the monk’s role. Article 3 scrutinizes an example of a persecution process and a set of defense measures in the hands of the St Gall community warding off an unwanted visitor. Article 4 examines a number of internal monastic conflicts from several monasteries and strategies, both political and cognitive, guiding them. In investigating these problems, the thesis proceeds in a manner of deliberate anachronism. It asks questions about how human subjectivity was manufactured in early medieval St Gall, what were a medieval monastery’s ‘conditions of possibility’ to operate as a social regime, or oral and literary means of conflict management etc. The crucial modern social theories on which the thesis hinges are: Erving Goffman’s notion of ‘total institution’, and Michel Foucault’s analysis of power, as well as Pierre Bourdieu’s logic of action.

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