Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T17:19:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Parte 1.pdf: 175711 bytes, checksum: 4c45110c54dab616ccb4e24cf3e91d86 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In coastal and in industrial region the atmosphere is considered aggressive due to the high relative humidity, and also due to the presence of chloride ions (Cl־) and sulphate (SO4 -²)ions, accelerating the corrosion process to accelerate. This onerous on electric distribution companies due to direct costs, because even the galvanized metal components must be replaced often, and indirect costs such as disruption of electricity supply for maintenance. Thus, the aim of this work, together with CELESC SA (Electric Centrals of Santa Catarina), was to study the atmospheric corrosion of the galvanized steel used in electric distribution networks in the south coast of Santa Catarina. For this it was installed 10 different locations, monitoring stations of atmospheric parameters to measure the rate of sulfate, chloride and sedimentary particles in a period of six months. The zinc layer applied to the SAE 1010 steel plates used in corrosion tests were characterized by optical and electron microscopy. The corrosion products formed on the surface of galvanized steel in corrosion tests were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The results indicated that most of the locations had a high rate of corrosion, classified according to ISO 9223 as C5. The variations in the chloride content per month were attributed to the wind direction. The Simonkolleite (Zn5(OH)8Cl2.H2O) was the main corrosion product formed on the galvanized steel, due to the presence of chloride in the air at all monitoring stations. This product was also observed in salt spray corrosion tests. / Em regiões litorâneas e industriais a atmosfera é considerada agressiva devido à umidade relativa ser elevada, e também devido à presença de íons de cloreto (Cl־) e de sulfato (SO4 -²), fazendo com que o processo de corrosão seja acelerado. Isso onera as empresas de distribuição de energia elétrica devido aos custos diretos, pois freqüentemente componentes metálicos mesmo galvanizados devem ser substituídos, e custos indiretos como interrupções do fornecimento de energia elétrica para manutenção. Sendo assim, o objetivo principal deste trabalho, vinculado a CELESC S.A. (Centrais Elétricas de Santa Catarina) foi estudar a corrosão atmosférica em aço galvanizado empregado em redes de distribuição de energia elétrica no litoral sul de Santa Catarina. Para isto foram instaladas em 10 locais diferentes, estações de monitoramento de parâmetros atmosféricos, tais como, taxa de sulfatação, teor de cloretos e partículas sedimentáveis em um período de seis meses. A camada de zinco aplicada nas placas de aço SAE 1010 utilizadas nos ensaios de corrosão foi caracterizada por meio de microscopia óptica e eletrônica. Os produtos de corrosão formados na superfície do aço galvanizado nos ensaios de corrosão foram caracterizados por difração de raios-X e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Os resultados indicaram que a maioria dos locais apresentou alto índice de corrosividade, classificado segundo a norma ISO 9223 como C5. As variações nos valores de teor de cloretos mensais foram atribuídas à direção dos ventos. O Simonkolleite (Zn5(OH)8Cl2.H2O) foi o principal produto de corrosão formado sobre o aço galvanizado, devido à presença de cloretos no ar em todas as estações de monitoramento. Esse produto também foi encontrado nos ensaios de corrosão em névoa salina.

O processo de soldagem por resistência de chapas galvanizadas automotivas é parte indispensável na concepção de uma carroceria de automóvel. Utilizado na união das chapas metálicas que formam um veículo, a grande importância deste processo deve-se basicamente ao fato de não agregar peso à carroceria, ter um desempenho satisfatório em relação à qualidade e produtividade nas linhas de montagem e ainda não onerar o custo final do produto, visto que seu custo de operação pode ser considerado baixo de modo geral. As variáveis específicas deste processo demandam atenção permanente quanto aos parâmetros dos equipamentos, a limpeza e a manutenção, a refrigeração dos eletrodos, a dressagem e a eliminação da camada de latão formada na superfície de contato entre o eletrodo e a chapa. A durabilidade e o desgaste do eletrodo estão ligados basicamente a estes cuidados, podendo ainda gerar ganhos em produtividade e qualidade do ponto além de reduzir o nível de problemas durante e após a soldagem da chapa. Durante a realização deste trabalho, procurou-se avaliar o comportamento do eletrodo fabricado através da liga Cu-Zr, o desgaste do eletrodo em relação ao número de pontos soldados, sua relação com a dureza e variação de temperatura durante o processo, os cuidados que podem retardar o desgaste e a microestrutura do material ao longo do número de pontos e do desgaste deste eletrodo. / The resistance welding process of automotive galvanized steel is an indispensable part in the design of a body car. Used in the union of the metal plates that form a vehicle, the great importance of this process is basically due to the fact not add weight to the body, have a satisfactory performance in relation to quality and productivity in assembly lines and still does not burden the final cost the product, the operating cost can be considered low in general. The specific variables this process require constant attention regarding the parameters of the equipment, cleaning and maintenance, cooling the electrodes, the dressing and the elimination of the brass layer formed on the contact surface between the electrode and the plate. The durability and the electrode wear are basically related to such care, and may generate gains in productivity and quality of point and reduce the level of problems during and after welding the plate. During this work, we tried to evaluate the electrode manufactured by Cu-Zr alloy, the electrode wear in relation to the number of welding points, their relationship with the hardness and temperature variation during the process, the care can slow the wear and the microstructure of the material during the number of welding points and the wear of this electrode.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-18T21:36:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 4 Danieli Cristina Pedroso1.pdf: 893786 bytes, checksum: 0b49df9c67021da69e5f47f5170c5703 (MD5) Danieli Cristina Pedroso2.pdf: 3031650 bytes, checksum: bbf4b2dc04de906b1c5596adb5c76bb8 (MD5) Danieli Cristina Pedroso3.pdf: 2597659 bytes, checksum: 1a3e7d52a670d6eb3f003b1583e76702 (MD5) Danieli Cristina Pedroso4.pdf: 198943 bytes, checksum: 16b69ef67e7c298a9fc35b695825e236 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-17 / In this work the causes of rejection of lots of artifacts from the company Produto para Linhas Preformados, PLP, were analyzed which are made of steel SAE 1010 and SAE 1020 and zinc coated by hot-dip galvanizing. Lots of samples from different manufacturers were selected, with different chemical composition and geometry, but belonging to rejected lots and approved lots in accordance with usual market standards. The rejections are due to problems related to the adhesion of the layer of zinc. The samples were submitted to optical microscopy test, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffractions for comparative checking of between the structures of zinc formed layers by hot -dip galvanizing. To verify the corrosion in coating failure, corrosion tests were performed in three different environments: urban environment considered to be low-polluted; environment simulating sea water, salt spray. There is no failure evidence between the zinc coating and the substrate structure; irregular coatings and not very well defined phases were found in the rejected parts. In regions with failures, the results show a behavior similar to the literature with the rapid formation of rust at the beginning of the exposure followed by a show oxidation. / Neste trabalho foram analisadas as causas da rejeição de lotes de artefatos da empresa Produto para Linhas Preformados, PLP, fabricados com aços SAE 1010 e SAE 1020 e zincados por imersão a quente. Foram selecionadas amostras de lotes de fabricantes diferentes, com composição química e geometrias distintas, pertencentes a lotes rejeitados e a lotes aprovados de acordo com normas usuais de mercado. As rejeições se devem a problemas relacionados a aderência da camada de zinco. As amostras foram submetidas a exames por microscopia óptica, microscopia de varredura e análises por difração de raio-X para verificação comparativa entre as estruturas das camadas de zinco formadas no processo zincagem por imersão a quente. Para verificar a corrosão nas falhas de revestimento de zinco, foram realizados ensaios de corrosão em três ambientes diferentes: ambiente considerado urbano de baixa poluição; ambiente simulando água do mar; câmara de névoa salina. Não há indício de relação entre a falha nos revestimentos de zinco e a estrutura do substrato; revestimentos irregulares e com fases não muito bem definidas foram encontrados nas peças rejeitadas. Nas regiões com falha, os resultados evidenciam um comportamento semelhante ao da literatura, com formação rápida de ferrugem no início da exposição das peças seguida por uma oxidação lenta.

[pt] O processo de galvanização por imersão a quente é uma técnica industrial largamente utilizada para proteger componentes de aço expostos à corrosão ambiental. Este processo envolve reações complexas, cujos mecanismos ainda são motivo de debate. A boa performance do revestimento está diretamente relacionada com as fases intermetálicas presentes no revestimento final. Assim, o entendimento do mecanismo de nucleação e crescimento das fases durante a etapa de tratamento térmico contribui para a melhoria do processo, principalmente para redução de custos e desenvolvimento de novos produtos. No presente trabalho, a técnica MAXIM (Materials X-rays Imaging) foi utilizada para identificar as fases presentes em amostras galvanizadas submetidas a diferentes tratamentos. Um difratômetro equipado com um sistema de colimação e detecção formado por uma placa contendo microcanais (Micro-Channel Plate, MCP) situada em frente à uma câmera CCD, permite a obtenção de uma imagem de raios-X. Com esta técnica pode-se identificar a origem posicional do feixe difratado com resolução de cerca de 12mm. Foram realizados dois tipos de experimentos: (1) experimentos, à temperatura ambiente, que consistiam na observação de amostras galvanizadas previamente tratadas (2) experimentos de tratamento térmico in situ, onde a evolução das fases pode ser acompanhada em tempo real. Pode- se concluir que a técnica MAXIM, acoplada ao forno de tratamento térmico in situ, é um método eficiente de observar a distribuição e evolução das fases presentes nas amostras galvanizadas e galvannealed. Este técnica é sensível o suficiente para detectar a evolução das fases com boa resolução espacial. / [en] Galvannealing is an important commercial processing technique used to protect steel components exposed to corrosive environments. This process involves a number of complex reactions and their precise mechanisms are still a matter of debate. The good performance of the coating is closely related to the Fe-Zn intermetallic phases present in the coating. The understanding of the mechanisms for phase nucleation and growth during the galvannealing process is, therefore, essential to help improving current processes, mainly for cost reduction and new products development. In the present study, the MAXIM (MAterials Xrays Imaging) technique was used to identify the phases present in previously galvanized steel samples subjected to different annealing conditions. A diffractometer equipped with a novel imaging system comprising a micro-channel plate (MCP) in front of a CCD detector was used. This setup allows positionresolved X-ray diffraction investigation of materials, with a resolution of 12mm. The experiments involved two sets of conditions; (1) experiments based on the observation, at room temperature, of previously galvannealed samples. (2) in-situ annealing experiments, where the phase evolution was recorded in real time. It can be concluded that MAXIM, coupled to in-situ annealing, provides a useful method for observing the phase evolution and distribution in galvanized/galvannealed samples. The method is sensitive enough to detect the time/temperature evolution of these phases, with good spatial resolution.

A study has been carried out regarding the possibility for application of UV-cured coatings on different pretreated galvanized steel, in coil coating application. In order to address the questions about whether the adhesion will be affected and how, when combining respective coating with a steel substrate. Two types of UV-curable formulations have been applied respectively, acrylate-based free radical formulation and epoxy-based cationic formulation, on five types of steel substrates. In addition, UV-LED was also investigated as an alternative energy source. The aim is to explore the curing of the coatings, the surface topology and hydrophilicity, the material and mechanical properties of coatings and coated systems respectively. It was found that the acrylate coating gives a hydrophilic surface while the epoxy coat is hydrophilic but is more hydrophobic than acrylate. The acrylate resin is not compatible with Standard Ti-pretreatment from PO substrates and the curing of epoxy is inhibited by pretreatment primer in PP substrates. Curing using UV-LED is possible and should be investigated further. No comparison could be made between coating systems acrylate and epoxy, regarding the adhesive performance, due to the failure of obtaining the right thickness for the acrylate coating. / I denna studie undersöktes möjligheten att applicera UV-härdande lacker på olika förbehandlade galvaniserade stålsorter för bandlackering. Detta för att förstå mer om vidhäftningen påverkas av, och på vilket sätt, kombinationen av respektive UV-lack med olika metallsubstrat. Två olika UV-formuleringar, akrylat and epoxy, applicerades på fem olika stålsubtrat och även screeningsstudie på UV-LED utfördes. Målet är att undersöka uthärdning av lackeringar, topologin och hydrofilicitet, material och mekaniska egenskaper hos färglacken och de lackade systemen, samt möjlighet att använda LED-lampa som UV-källan. Resultatet visar att akrylat ger en hydrofil yta medan epoxy är hydrofil men är mer hydrofob än akrylat. Akrylatet är inte kompatibelt med Standard Ti-pretreatment från PO substrat och uthärdning av epoxy inhiberas av förbehandlade primer på PP-prover. Uthärdning med UV-LED är möjligt och bör undersökas ytterligare. Det gick inte att jämföra mellan de två UV-formuleringarna, akrylat och epoxy, på grund av fel tjocklek hos akrylatfilmerna.

Depuis quelques années, l'industrie automobile s'intéresse au développement d'adhésifs crashs. Ces produits donnent aux assemblages collés des performances exceptionnelles en tenue mécanique statique, en fatigue et en tenue au crash. Ces adhésifs sont formulés pour s'adapter de façon optimale aux procédés de mise en œuvre de l'industrie automobile. L'objectif de l'étude est de déterminer les mécanismes d'adhésion, au cours d'un vieillissement humide, pour différentes chimies de surface et la cinétique des phénomènes engendrant des variations des niveaux d'adhérence et des modes de rupture. Dans cette thèse, des systèmes industriels, le test de traction-cisaillement et le cataplasme humide ont été retenus. Une approche combinant chimie et physique de l'adhésif, de l'acier galvanisé et du joint de colle a été menée. Cette approche multi-technique a permis de mettre en évidence les phénomènes responsables de la perte d'adhérence d'un assemblage acier galvanisé/adhésif crash au cours d'un vieillissement hygrothermique. L'interphase apparaît comme la zone la plus sensible aux contraintes mécaniques avant et après quelques jours de vieillissement. En revanche, pour des temps de vieillissement plus importants, la couche de corrosion devient la zone de faible cohésion. L'étude de l'influence de la chimie de surface des substrats d'acier galvanisé sur les propriétés d'adhérence des assemblages collés montre une meilleure réactivité et donc une meilleure tenue mécanique des substrats contenant davantage de zinc et d'hydroxydes que d'aluminium et d'oxydes. Une attention plus particulière a été portée sur la caractérisation fine de la chimie de surface des aciers galvanisés. / Since few years, automotive industry tends to develop crash adhesives. By bonding metal sheets with a continuous bead of crash adhesive, automotive manufacturers can significantly improve both body stiffuess and crashworthiness. The crosslinking conditions of the adhesive on industrial surface (galvanized steel) without cleaning correspond to those used industrially (Electrocoat product). The aim of this work is to determine adhesion mechanisms during hydrothennal ageing for different surface chemistry and kinetics of phenomena generating variations of adhesion levels and failure locus. For this study industrial materials (galvanized steel and epoxy crash adhesive), lap-shear test and humid cataplasm were selected. An approach combining chemistry and physics of the adhesive, substrate and joints was led. This multi-technical approach can be of major interest for the study of phenomena responsible of adhesion loss for adhesively bonded joints in moist environment. So the failure is located in a metal/polymer interphase during the first period of ageing then the failure shifts within a surface layer of corrosion products. The influence of surface chemistry of galvanized steel substrates on metal/polymer adhesion was also studied. The results show a better reactivity and consequently better mechanical properties for substrates with zinc and hydroxides than aluminum and oxides. In this approach, a precise characterization of surface chemistiy was led by XPS methodology.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T17:19:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luiz Fernando Giacchero.pdf: 4189596 bytes, checksum: 744ba5d6d712d7bbaf8643e411becaf4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In order to know the electrochemical behavior of galvanized steel and improve its corrosion protection were tested mineral oils and emulsions which exist in the industrial sector in order to compare the electrochemical tests with results obtained in natural tests. The galvanizing Industries care about a safety when selling their material and the mineral oils inhibitors are widely used in this field, but if these oils or oil-water emulsions are not in the ideal concentration, they can not ensure protection for galvanized steel, which is usually required by suppliers of at least six months without the formation of corrosion products. The technique of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and polarization curves anodic and cathodic (CPOL) showed the electrochemical behavior of galvanized steel, ordinary steel, the electrochemical behavior of galvanized steel in the presence of mineral oils and emulsifying behavior even in presence of oil full. Immersion tests were performed at regular steel and galvanized steel in order to understand the mechanisms of formation of corrosion products and the results were obtained by scanning electron microscopes (SEM) techniques and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Tests were also conducted with natural samples of galvanized steel with different concentrations of oil in an airtight container with the atmosphere of a more aggressive galvanizing industry partner in this research for a period of six months at the most critical period of the year where the great heat exchange causes a greater number of cycles that dry and wet samples favoring the formation of corrosion products. Samples will be collected after the six-month period and analyzed by SEM and XRD to identify the corrosion products formed comparing the analyzes obtained for several concentrations of emulsions and thus identifying the most efficient way to ensure the protection against corrosion in galvanized steel. / As indústrias de galvanização que armazenam o aço zincado em locais de alta umidade relativa propiciam a formação da corrosão branca que afeta a estética e, conseqüentemente, a comercialização do material. Para zelar pela integridade do metal, óleos minerais são utilizados neste campo como inibidores temporários de corrosão. Porém, se esses óleos ou emulsões óleo-água não estiverem na concentração ideal, poderão não garantir uma proteção para o aço zincado, que costuma ser exigida por fornecedores de no mínimo seis meses sem a formação de produtos de corrosão visíveis a olho nu. A técnica de espectroscopia de impedância eletroquímica (EIE) e as curvas de polarização anódicas e catódicas (Cpol) mostraram o comportamento eletroquímico do aço galvanizado, aço comum, aço galvanizado em presença de óleos minerais emulsionáveis e o comportamento desse em presença de óleo integral. Ensaios de imersão foram realizados no aço comum e galvanizado a fim de conhecer os produtos de corrosão por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e por difração de raios X (DRX). Ensaios naturais também foram realizados com amostras de aço galvanizado com diferentes concentrações de óleo num recipiente hermeticamente fechado com a atmosfera de uma indústria parceira do setor por um prazo de seis meses no período mais crítico do ano onde a grande inversão térmica provoca um maior número de ciclos de secagem favorecendo a formação de produtos de corrosão. As amostras com concentração abaixo de 15% revelaram produtos comuns aos ensaios de imersão como os hidroxicloretos hidratados de zinco nas amostras com emulsões de concentração de 5% de óleo e os hidroxicarbonatos de zinco nas placas com concentração de 5% e 10% de óleo, sendo apenas as emulsões com teor de óleo igual ou maior a 15% eficientes neste período de tempo.

L’objet de cette thèse est l’étude des comportements mécanique et à la corrosion d’un nouveau système de fondation, dit pieux SPIRMEC, adapté aux structures légères. Le travail s’est focalisé sur deux grands aspects. Le premier aspect concerne l’analyse du comportement sous chargement axiale des pieux SPIRMEC sur la base de l’expérimentation et de la modélisation numérique dans un sol mou non cohésif. Quant au deuxième aspect, il traite du problème de la corrosion de l’acier constituant le pieu dans un environnement tropical humide. Le comportement des pieux SPIRMEC sous une charge axiale de traction, dans un sol fin non cohésif, a montré le développement d’une surface cylindrique de rupture. Celle-ci ne dépend pas de la configuration géométrique des pieux tel que : l’espacement S, le diamètre d’hélice Dh et le diamètre du tube d. En adoptant ce critère de rupture et à l’aide d’une analyse statistique des données, nous avons proposé quatre méthodes analytiques de prédiction de la capacité portante des pieux SPIRMEC à partir des essais in-situ et au laboratoire qui sont: • Méthode CPT basée sur la résistance de pointe pénétromètrique (essai CPT), • Méthode MPT basée sur la pression limite pressiomètrique (essai MPT), • Méthode du couple d’installation, • Méthode analytique basée sur les paramètres de cisaillement de sol notamment l’angle de frottement interne (essais triaxial et boîte de cisaillement). Ces méthodes tiennent compte de la géométrie du pieu, du procédé de mise en oeuvre et de la compacité du sol. L’analyse de performance des méthodes proposées a montré que les méthodes analytique et CPT représentent mieux le comportement des pieux testés. La modélisation numérique du comportement des pieux SPIRMEC sous charge axiale de traction a été également étudiée à l’aide du code de calcul Plaxis 2D. Un modèle axisymétrique a été adopté pour modéliser la géométrie de la structure. Le modèle de comportement hardening soil a été retenu pour modéliser le comportement élastoplastiq des couches de sol. Un modèle élastique linéaire a été retenu pour le pieu. Quant au comportement de l’interface sol-structure, il a été pris en compte par un modèle élastoplastique basé sur les critères de Mohr-Coulomb. L’expansion du sol résultant de l’installation des pieux a été approchée par une cavité cylindrique. Cette dernière a été modélisée par des déformations volumiques anisotropes. Nous avons constaté, qu’appliquer une déformation volumique de l’ordre de 40% permet une bonne concordance entre les résultats numériques et expérimentaux. L’étude paramétrique nous a également permis de constater l’existence d’une variation linéaire entre la capacité portante et l’espacement S. Le comportement de l’acier galvanisé dans le sol a été également étudié au moyen de trois approches: électrochimique, visuelles grâce au microscope électronique et gravimétrique. Les tests électrochimiques de corrosion du zinc ont été réalisés dans la solution de sol artificielle pour deux périodes bien distinctes : saison des pluies et après 8 mois de contact sol-pieu. Une forte dépendance est constatée de la vitesse de corrosion de zinc au pH et à la conductivité de la solution. La vitesse de corrosion est plus importante en saison des pluies qu’après 8 mois de contact de pieu avec le sol. Les fortes concentrations en sulfates semblent augmenter la vitesse de corrosion. Les analyses menées au MEB montrent que la zone de fluctuation de nappe et en surface externe (sol/air) sont les zones les plus corrodées. La comparaison entre les différentes techniques d’évaluation de la vitesse de corrosion a montré que l’eau de nappe peut être utilisée comme un milieu représentatif du profil chimique d’un sol non cohésif et légèrement granulaire. / The purpose of this thesis is to study the both behaviors mechanical and of the corrosion of a new foundation system, called spirec piles, for lightweight structures. The work was based on two main aspects. The first aspect concerns the analysis of behavior of the spirmec piles under axial loading on the basis of experimental and numerical modeling in a non-cohesive soft soil. On the second aspect, it addresses the problem of corrosion of steel forming the pile in a humid tropical environment. The behavior of the tested piles under axial traction load, in a non-cohesive soil, showed the development of a cylindrical surface of failure. This does not depend on the geometrical configuration of the tested piles such that: the spacing s, the helix diameter dh and the diameter of the shaft. By adopting this failure criterion and using statistical data analysis, we proposed four analytical methods for predicting the bearing capacity of the piles from in-situ and laboratory tests, which are: cpt method based on tip resistance penetrometer (cpt test), mpt method based on pressuremeter limit pressure (test mpt), method of installation torque and analytical method based on the shear parameters of soil (triaxial tests and shear box). These methods take into account the geometry of the pile, the method and implementation of soil compaction. Performance analysis of the proposed methods showed that the analytical methods and cpt represent better the behavior of piles tested. An axisymmetric condition was assumed to model this geometry in two-dimensional space. In this study, we proposed to model the pipe screw pile with plates elements available in plaxis 2d. The helixes were modeled as circular disks. Interface elements were incorporated along the pile to simulate the soil-pile interaction. Hardening soil model was chosen to describe the soil with drained behavior was assigned for all layers. Linear elastic for pile and elastic plastic model based on the mohr-coulomb criterion was used to describe the interface behavior. The lateral expansion generated by the pile shaft was modeled by anisotropic volumetric strains (ɛxx=ɛzz, ɛyy=0). The pile behavior under tensile loading at different volumetric strains, it is clear that the best fit was obtained at volumetric strain of 40%. The parametric study also allowed us to establish the existence of a linear variation between the bearing capacity and spacings. The behavior of the galvanized steel in the ground has also been studied using three approaches such as: electrochemical, microscopic imaging and gravimetrically. Electrochemical tests of the corrosion of the zinc have been made in artificial soil solution into two periods, the rainy season and after eight months of contact soil-pile. Is a strong dependence of the observed corrosion rate of the zinc at the ph and conductivity of the solution. The corrosion rate is higher in the rainy season compared to eight months of contact of the pile with soil. High sulfate concentrations increase the rate of corrosion. The meb analysis shows that the fluctuation zone of the water table is the most corroded area. Comparison between the different methods of evaluating the corrosion rate showed that the ground water may be used as a representative profile of the chemical environment of a non-cohesive soil and slightly granular.

Afin de maitriser la qualité d'eau dans les réseaux d'eau chaude sanitaire, des traitements de désinfection thermiques et chimiques sont utilisés. Ces traitements de désinfection peuvent avoir un impact sur la dégradation des canalisations. L'influence de l'addition d'hypochlorite de sodium et de l'augmentation de la température sur la vitesse et le mode de dégradation des canalisations en cuivre, acier galvanisé, PERT/Al/PERT et PVCc a été étudiée. Pour ceci, des essais de vieillissement accéléré ont été réalisés en conditions statiques et dynamiques. Afin de réaliser les essais en conditions dynamiques, un banc d'essais à échelle 1 a été conçu et construit.La chimie des solutions d'hypochlorite de sodium à des températures élevées (>50°C) est complexe, ceci a motivé la réalisation d'une étude complémentaire sur les espèces présentes en fonction du pH et la cinétique de décomposition des solutions d'hypochlorite de sodium. Cette étude a révélé que l'augmentation de la température de 50°C à 70°C à une valeur de pH donnée produit une diminution significative de la concentration en acide hypochloreux. De plus, la décomposition de l'hypochlorite de sodium en chlorates est accélérée par la présence de cuivre et elle peut devenir significative à partir de 50°C.Les essais de vieillissement réalisés sur les canalisations ont révélé que l'addition d'hypochlorite de sodium est pénalisante par rapport à la vitesse de dégradation du cuivre, acier galvanisé et PERT/Al/PERT. Cependant, la dégradation du PVCc ne semble pas se voir affectée par l'addition d'hypochlorite de sodium. L'élévation de la température de 50°C à 70°C paraît accélérer légèrement la dégradation du PERT/Al/PERT et du PVCc. En revanche, avec une chloration de 25 ppm en hypochlorite de sodium, le mode de corrosion du cuivre est uniforme à 70°C tandis qu'il est localisé à 50°C.Les conclusions de ces résultats peuvent être d'utilité pour la conception et la maintenance des réseaux d'eau chaude sanitaire. / Hot water quality control inside buildings is assured by thermal or/and chemical disinfection treatments. These disinfection treatments could have an impact on the material degradation. The influence of the addition of sodium hypochlorite and the increase in temperature on the degradation of copper, galvanized steel, PERT/Al/PERT and cPVC pipes was studied. Accelerated ageing tests were conducted under static and dynamic conditions. To carry out the tests under dynamic conditions a scale 1 pilot was designed and built.The chemistry of sodium hypochlorite solutions at temperatures higher than 50°C is complex. Therefore, the species repartition as a function of pH and the decomposition kinetic of sodium hypochlorite solutions had also been studied. This study revealed that, at a given pH, an increase in temperature from 50°C to 70°C produce a significant decrease in concentration of hypochlorous acid. In addition, the decomposition of sodium hypochlorite in chlorates is accelerated by the presence of copper. The chlorates concentration can become significant at 50°C in presence of copper.The results of the ageing test performed on pipes revealed that the addition of sodium hypochlorite increase the degradation rate of copper, galvanized steel and PERT/Al/PERT. However, the degradation rate of cPVC does not seem to be affected by the addition of sodium hypochlorite. An increase in temperature from 50°C to 70°C slightly accelerated degradation of PERT /Al/PERT and cPVC. Concerning copper, at 70°C corrosion is uniform while at 50°C corrosion is by pitting.The conclusions of this study can be useful for the design and the maintenance of hot water systems.

L’objectif de ce travail était d’étudier les mécanismes de corrosion-cicatrisation d’aciers revêtus par des alliages d’aluminium, sur tranche et en zone confinée. Sur la tranche, les techniques de mesures locales ont été utilisées pour étudier le comportement de deux types de revêtements sacrificiels : l’un étant constitué d’un alliage d’aluminium à 55% en masse et de Zn (Aluzinc) et d’un alliage d’aluminium contenant environ 11% silicium (Alusi). L’ensemble des résultats montre que les revêtements à base alliages d’aluminium ont un comportement sacrificiel qui dépend fortement de leur composition selon le type d’environnement concerné. Si le milieu corrosif contient des chlorures il est plus facile d’amorcer et/ou de stabiliser le comportement sacrificiel. Cela est par exemple parfaitement illustré par le comportement du revêtement Alusi qui reste passif dans le milieu sulfate et donc ne permet aucune protection à l’acier. Par contre pour les revêtements 55%Al-Zn, on a pu constater un effet sacrificiel très stable en milieu chloruré (l’acier est protégé cathodiquement) qui se confirme en milieu sulfate mais seulement pour de courtes périodes d'immersion (t < 1 h). L’étude du comportement de ces mêmes traitements de surface en situation de corrosion perforante a permis de proposer un dispositif d’étude représentatif ayant une géométrie assez proche de celles des éprouvettes qui ont fait l’objet d’une normalisation. On a mis l’accent sur la possibilité de mesurer l’évolution du pH en positionnant de manière précise une microélectrode de pH à membrane liquide sélective dans une cavité modèle. Par des simulations numériques basées sur des modèles de transport et de réaction on a montré que l’on pouvait calculer les gradients chimiques et électriques dans la cavité testée en utilisant la résolution des équations de transport (Nernst-Planck) par la méthode des éléments finis / The objective of this work was to study the self healing mechanisms of aluminium based alloy coated steels on cut-edge specimens in confined condition. In situ chemical and electrochemical probe techniques have been used to study the behaviour of two types of sacrificial coatings: one is consisting on an Al alloy containing 55% of Zn (Aluzinc) and the other one contains about 11% of Silicon (Alusi). The results showed that the aluminium based coatings have a sacrificial behaviour which depends strongly on their composition and on the environment concerned. In a corrosive environment containing chlorides it is easier to initiate and / or stabilize the sacrificial behaviour. This is clearly illustrated by the behaviour of the Alusi coating which remains passive in a neutral sulphate solution and therefore does not protect the steel. On the opposite, for 55% Al-Zn coatings, a very stable sacrificial effect has been demonstrated in chloride medium (steel is cathodically protected) which is confirmed in sulphate medium but only for short periods of immersion (t <1 h). An experimental setup allowing pH measurements inside a confined volume representing a lapped joint was designed. The pH evolution over steel and galvanized steel surfaces in confined conditions was monitored. This experimental pH was compared with that calculated using a two-dimensional transport-reaction model only in the case of a confined iron surface. The difference between the experimental and calculated pH in the steady state was attributed to the limitation of the modelling approach, more especially concerning solid phases precipitation inside the cavity