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Thesis--M. Phil., University of Hong Kong.

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published_or_final_version / Physiology / Master / Master of Philosophy

Submitted by SUELI APARECIDA DE SOUZA null (suelli.viana@hotmail.com) on 2016-01-25T13:51:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO_SUELI)FINAL_IMPRESSÃO.pdf: 6494314 bytes, checksum: b3b6c73f7ea4fed9852a35758530cbab (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-01-25T15:09:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 souza_sa_me_prud.pdf: 6494314 bytes, checksum: b3b6c73f7ea4fed9852a35758530cbab (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-25T15:09:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 souza_sa_me_prud.pdf: 6494314 bytes, checksum: b3b6c73f7ea4fed9852a35758530cbab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O turismo tem se firmado presentemente como uma atividade econômica em considerável expansão, consequentemente esse fato vem ratificar a relevância de estudos visando compreender a forma como essa atividade se territorializa.A pesquisa tem o propósito de analisar o desenvolvimento do turismo no Distrito de Gardênia, Município de Rancharia/SP por meio da abordagem geográfica para compreender as formas de apropriação de seus recursos naturais e culturais como atrativos turísticos. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida por meio de investigação teórica e empírica, por meio da realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas e questionários abertos a fim de aprofundar o conhecimento sobre o objeto de estudo e obter um contingente informacional acerca das manifestações culturais, geografia, turismo, território e suas relações. Desse modo, embasando-se nesses recursos, verificamos que o Distrito de Gardênia tem na atividade turística uma possibilidade de diversificação econômica, sobretudo, por dispor de recursos naturais e culturais em potenciais.Nesse sentido, as manifestações culturais através de suas festividades e a Represa do Capivari tem relevante papel como atrativos turísticos, atraindo um contingente significativo e diverso de visitantes.Dentre os apontamentos sobre os elementos que envolvem esses atrativos, como a infraestrutura básica e turística existente no local do evento e/ou no Distrito, revelaram que atendem as necessidades básicas dos participantes, mas que necessitam ser melhoradas. Enfim, quanto às ações empreendidas pelos agentes responsáveis ainda no tocante ao desenvolvimento do turismo, essas carecem de projetos mais sólidos, considerando que majoritariamente são proposições. / Tourism has now established itself as an economic activity considerably expanded, thus this fact ratifies the relevance of studies to understand how this activity will expand the territory. The research aims to analyze the development of tourism in Gardenia District, city of Rancharia / SP through the geographical approach to understanding the forms of appropriation of its natural and cultural resources as tourist attractions . The research was developed through theoretical and empirical research , by conducting semi-structured interviews and open questionnaires in order to deepen the knowledge about the object of study and obtain an informational contingent about cultural events , geography, tourism , territory and its relations. So if basing on these resources , we find that the Gardenia District has in tourism a possibility of economic diversification , especially for disposal of natural and cultural resources in potential. In this sense, cultural events through its festivities and Capivari Dam plays an important role as tourist attractions , attracting a significant and diverse contingent of visitors. Among the notes on the elements that surround these attractions, such as basic infrastructure and existing tourism at the event and / or the District revealed that meet the basic needs of the participants, but that need to be improved.Anyway , for the actions undertaken by still responsible agents regarding the development of tourism, these need to be more solid projects , considering that mostly are propositions.

Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. is an important edible legume crop gaining recognition in the world generally and in Africa particular. The seed is a very good source of vegetable protein for millions of people living in sub-Saharan Africa. Cowpea seed are susceptible to global post-harvest losses caused by insect damage, microbial deterioration and other factors especially when stored at high ambient temperatures and relative humidities. The detection of Fusarium species and fumonisins associated with cowpea seed was primarily investigated in this study. Secondly, the antifungal activity of extracts from three Rubiaceae plant species was evaluated against five Fusarium species. Column chromatography was used in an attempt to isolate potential compounds from the plant extracts. Cowpea seed samples were obtained from a local market of a rural community in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa and were analysed for seed mycoflora and various fungal genera including, Aspergillus spp., Fusarium spp. (Fusarium oxysporum. F. solani, F. subglutinans, F. verticillioides and F. proliferatum), Penicillium spp., Chaetomium spp., Chrysonilia spp., Cladosporium spp., Monascus spp., Phoma spp., Mucor spp., Alternaria alternata, Epicoccum spp. and Lasiodiplodia theobromae were isolated from the seed samples. Some Fusarium species including F. oxysporum, F. verticillioides, F. subglutinans, F. solani and F. proliferatum were cultured on maize patty media and analysed for fumonisin production. Fumonisin detection was conducted using the VICAM Affinity method. Only Fusarium subglutinans and F. oxysporum produced fumonisin B analogues ranging between 1.1 - 4.3 ìg/g and 3.47 - 31.66 μg/g, respectively. Neither Fusarium verticillioides, F. solani nor F. proliferatum revealed any production of fumonisin B. Fumonisin B analogues were found to be present in all the cowpea seed samples with levels ranging between 6.2 - 59 μg/g. Purified fumonisin B1 was used to investigate the phytotoxic effects of the toxin in vitro and in vivo on cowpea seedling growth and emergence and also on the ultrastructure of the seed tissue. Surface-disinfected seeds were imbibed in sterile distilled water amended with FB1 at various concentrations (10, 25, 50 and 100 μg/ml) and dry seeds and seeds imbibed in sterile distilled water served as the controls. Percentage germination was determined in vitro and in vivo according to the International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) rules. Root and shoot length was measured after 8 days. Compared to the controls all the concentrations significantly decreased seed germination and the highest concentrations of FB1 (50 and 100 μg/ml) inhibited root and shoot elongation. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to study sections of the cotyledon and embryonic tissue of cowpea seed. Samples were treated with different concentrations of FB1. Compared to the controls, the degree of damage to the vacuoles, cell walls and lipid bodies of cowpea seed tissue was directly proportional to the concentrations. The efficacy of crude extracts from Morinda citrifolia, Gardenia brighamii, and Psychotria capensis was investigated against various Fusarium species by two methods. The microtitre plate doubling dilution method and bioautography method were used to test methanol, acetone, and dichloromethane extracts of the leaves for their antifungal activity. Psychotria capensis acetone extracts showed the best inhibition against F. proliferatum and F. verticillioides with an MIC of 1.5 mg/ml and an MFC of 1.5 mg/ml. The dichloromethane extracts exhibited no activity against the Fusarium species tested. Column chromatographic purification of methanolic extracts of the leaves of P. capensis led to the isolation and identification of two compounds namely β-sitosterol and a carotenoid derivative. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Plant Science / unrestricted

L’étude chimique de l’exsudat glutineux recouvrant les bourgeons et la base des feuilles de Gardenia urvillei Montrouz. et Gardenia oudiepe Vieill., Rubiaceae endémiques de Nouvelle-Calédonie, a conduit à la détermination structurale de douze cycloartanes, neuf seco-cycloartanes, huit dammaranes et sept flavonoïdes. Parmi ces métabolites secondaires, six cycloartanes, quatre seco-cycloartanes et deux dammaranes sont des composés originaux. Les évaluations biologiques sur différentes cibles, notamment la recherche de propriétés anti-angiogéniques par déplacement du VEGF de son récepteur VEGF-R1 ou par inhibition de la polymérisation de la tubuline, ayant montré des résultats encourageants, une chimiothèque d’analogues a été hémisynthétisée. A cette fin, les composés majoritaires en séries cycloartane, dammarane, et flavonoïde, respectivement l’oudiépone A, l’hydroxydammarénone II, la santine, la 5,7-dihydroxy-3,3’,4’,5’,6-pentaméthoxyflavone et le kaempférol ont servi de points de départ à des modifications structurales ayant permis d’accéder à douze cycloartanes, deux seco-cycloartanes, trois dammaranes, un seco-dammarane et huit flavonoïdes supplémentaires. Un début de relation structure-activité a ainsi pu être décrit dans les domaines mentionnés précédemment. / Phytochemical studies of glutinous exudate covering the buds et the leaf base of Gardenia urvillei Montrouz. et Gardenia oudiepe Vieill., Rubiaceaeous species endemic to New Caledonia, have led to the identification of twelve cycloartanes, nine seco-cycloartanes, eight dammaranes et seven flavonoids. Among these secondary metabolites, six cycloartanes, four seco-cycloartanes et two dammaranes are original natural products. Biological evaluations, such as search for anti-angiogenic properties or inhibition of tubulin polymerization, have shown promising results. In order to establish the structure-activity relationships for these activities, twenty-six analogs were semisynthesized from the major isolated compounds, oudiépone A, hydroxydammarénone II, santin, 5,7-dihydroxy-3,3’,4’,5’,6-pentamethoxyflavone et kaempferol.