Enterococos são bactérias que exercem um papel muito importante na produção de vários alimentos fermentados e também podem ser usadas como probióticos. A presença e o crescimento de enterococcos em alimentos fermentados como queijos e lingüiças conferem a esses produtos características organolépticas únicas. Em contrapartida, sua presença nos alimentos também está associada com falta de higiene durante a manipulação. Estes microrganismos também estão relacionados com o desenvolvimento de algumas doenças, como endocardites, septicemia, infecções do trato geniturinário, entre outras. A presença de características de virulência aumenta o potencial de infecção do microrganismo e a severidade da doença a ele relacionada. Com o objetivo de avaliar possíveis modificações fenotípicas e genotípicas de amostras de enterococos isoladas de frango, durante a subcultura destas cepas no laboratório, várias análises foram realizadas como: a presença dos fatores de virulência; proteína de superfície (esp) e gelatinase (gelE), do operon fsr-regulador do gelE, a expressão fenotípica do gelE, a capacidade de formação de biofilme e a resistência a antimicrobianos, desinfetantes e antisépticos. Quarenta isolados de Enterococcus sp. foram avaliados quanto a presença dos genes gelE, esp, operon-fsr, sprE por PCR, a atividade gelatinolítica por testes bioquímicos convencionais, resistência a antimicrobianos, antisépticos e desinfetantes por antibiograma e formação de biofilme pelo método cristal violeta. Todos os testes foram realizados na 1º geração e na 12º geração das cepas. 85% dos isolados produziram gelatinase e em 92,5% dos isolados o gene gelE estava presente na 1º geração. A análise do fsr-operon destes isolados do primeiro cultivo demonstrou que o gene fsrA estava presente em 35 isolados e o fsrC em 37 isolados e a presença destes genes pareceu não ter correlação com a atividade gelationolítica. O gene fsrB estava presente em todos os isolados (35) que apresentaram atividade gelatinolítica sugerindo que a presença deste gene é importante na expressão desta enzima. Após o subcultivo, apenas um isolado perdeu a atividade gelatinolítica e 15 perderam o gene gelE. Doze isolados perderam pelo menos um gene do fsr-operon durante a subcultura, porém nenhum destes perdeu a capacidade de expressar a enzima gelatinase talvez devido à presença do gene fsrB. O gene sprE foi detectado em 34 isolados na primeira geração e na 12º geração em apenas 20 isolados. O gene da proteína de superfície de Enterococcos (Esp), não foi encontrado em nenhum dos isolados. O antibiograma do isolados no primeiro cultivo demonstrou que 100% dos isolados foram sensíveis a ampicilina e a gentamicina, 95% sensíveis a vancomicina, 85% a ciprofloxacina, 5% a tetraciclina, 65% a eritromicina e 52,5% a cloranfenicol tanto na 1º quanto na 12º geração. Após a subcultura a susceptibilidade dos isolados aumentou a eritromicina (67,5%) e ao cloranfenicol (80%). Quanto ao perfil de resistência aos detergentes e anti-sépticos de uso comercial, todos os isolados apresentaram fenótipo de resistentes ao linear alquilbenzeno sulfonato (LAS) e ao triclosan durante a subcultura. Todos isolados foram suscetíveis ao formaldeído, mas se tornaram resistentes ao 8,5% hipoclorito de sódio e a clorexidina durante a subcultura. Em geral, todos os isolados foram formadores de biofilme e a produção de gelatinase parece ser necessária para esta formação. O perfil genético não pareceu ter relação com a formação de biofilme. Tanto o perfil genotípico quanto o fenotípico pode sofrer alterações durante a subcultura das cepas no laboratório. / Enterococci are bacteria that have a very important role in the production of various fermented foods and can also be used as probiotics. The presence and growth of enterococci in fermented foods like cheese and sausages bring to these products unique organoleptic characteristics. However, their presence in foods is also associated with lack of hygiene during handling. These microorganisms are also related to the development of some diseases such as endocarditis, septicemia, genitourinary infections, among others. The presence of virulence characteristics increases the potential infection of the organism and severity of disease related to it. The aim of the present study is analyze the possible changes of phenotypic and genotypic of enterococci isolated from chicken, during the subculture of the strains in the laboratory, the presence of virulence factors: enterococcal surface protein (esp) and gelatinase (gelE), operon-fsr gelE regulator, gelE phenotypic expression, the ability of biofilm formation and antibiotic, disinfectant and antiseptic resistance were determined in samples of enterococci isolated from chicken. The presence of gelE, esp operon-fsr and sprE genes were evaluated by PCR, gelatinase activity were observed by conventional biochemical tests, antibiotics resistance, antiseptics and disinfectants resistance were analyzed by standard disk diffusion method and biofilm formation were detected following the crystal violet staining method in forty enterococci isolates from chicken. All tests were performed in the 1st generation and 12th generation. 85% of the isolates produced gelatinase and in 92.5% of the isolated the gelE gene was present in the 1st generation. The analysis of operon-fsr in the 1st generation of these isolates showed that the fsrA gene was present in 35 isolates and fsrC gene was present in 37 isolates and the presence of these genes seemed to have no correlation with the gelatinase activity. The fsrB gene was present in all isolates (35) with gelatinase activity suggesting that the presence of this gene is important in the expression of this enzyme. After subculture, only one isolate lost the gelatinase activity and 15 isolates lost the gelE gene. Twelve isolates lost at least one gene of the operon-fsr during laboratory subculture, but none of these isolates lost the ability to express the enzyme gelatinase probably due the presence of the fsrB gene. The sprE gene was detected in 34 isolates in the 1st generation and in 12th generation only 20 isolates maintained this gene. The protein surface of enterococci gene (Esp), was not found in any isolate. The antibiogram of the isolates showed that 100% of the isolates were susceptible to ampicillin and gentamicin, 95% susceptible to vancomycin, 85% to ciprofloxacin, tetracycline 5%, 65% to erythromycin and 52.5% to chloramphenicol in the 1st generation. After subculture the susceptibility of isolates to erythromycin (67.5%) and chloramphenicol (80%) increased. As the profile of resistance to detergents and antiseptics for commercial use, all isolates showed resistance phenotype of the linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) and triclosan during subculture. All isolates were susceptible to formaldehyde, but became resistant to 8.5% sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine during the subculture. In general, all isolates were biofilm formers. Gelatinase production appears to be required for biofilme formation. The genetic profile did not appear to have relation with the formation of biofilms. Genotypic and the phenotypic profile may change during the subculture of the strains in the laboratory.

Abstract Tumor invasion and metastasis are the major causes of treatment failure or death for carcinoma patients. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc dependent endopeptidases implicated in tumor invasion and metastasis. The expression of MMP-2 has been previously linked to invasiveness of carcinoma cells. The MMP-2 immunoreactive protein was studied here in squamous cell carcinoma of the utrine cervix and in adenocarcinoma of the breast by using a specific monoclonal antibody in immunohistochemical stainings. Immunoreactive protein of latent MMP-2 was found to be an early event in neoplastic transformation of the cervix in 60 patients. All cases of early stage cervical carcinoma expressed the latent MMP-2 protein, suggesting that MMP-2 could be a prerequisite for invasive behavior. In early stage cervical carcinoma the high score of MMP-2 expression seemed to be associated with poor histological differentiation and lymph node metastases. The intensitivity (score) of the immunoreaction was not, however, associated with clinical behavior of this disease. New predictive markers would be useful in selecting breast carcinoma patients to different modalities of adjuvant therapy. The MMP-2 protein has been found in breast carcinoma tumor cells in immunohistochemical analyses. MMP-2 has been found to be expressed in breast carcinoma in some preliminary studies, but there are no reports so far that would show a correlation of MMP-2 to survival in breast carcinoma. In the current study comprising 373 patients the expression of MMP-2 protein was found immunohistochemically in primary breast carcinomas. It is shown here for the first time that immunoreactive protein of MMP-2 in primary breast carcinoma is associated with a shortened relapse-free survival (RFS) or relative overall survival (OS). MMP-2 correlated to the risk of failure during the anti-estrogen adjuvant therapy in postmenopausal breast carcinoma patients with axillary lymph node metastasis without a high tumor burden. It was also found here that premenopausal patients with a node positive breast carcinoma showing MMP-2 positivity relapsed early after the primary operation. Young patients (< 40 years) with MMP-2 positive tumors had a poor outcome when compared to other node-positive premenopausal breast carcinoma patients. A patient group with a high risk for an early relapse was identified from node-positive, premenopausal breast carcinoma patients. In conclusion, the present data show for the first time MMP-2 immunoreactive protein to be a prognostic factor in breast carcinoma, indicating further studies to explore the value of this enzyme in clinical decision making.

No description available.

Introdução: a incidência dos melanomas permanece em ascensão em diversos países. Os nevos melanocíticos podem ser seus precursores ou marcadores de risco. A radiação ultravioleta é o principal fator de risco ambiental para o seu desenvolvimento. Estudos com nevos irradiados mostram que a radiação ultravioleta B (UVB) pode causar alterações morfológicas e bioquímicas semelhantes às de um melanoma in situ. As metaloproteinases da matriz (MMP) são enzimas proteolíticas e, particularmente, as MMP-2 e –9 (gelatinases A e B) parecem estar associadas à invasão tumoral, à formação de metástases e de neoangiogênese em melanomas. O objetivo do presente estudo é avaliar os efeitos da UVB nas expressões imunoistoquímicas de MMP-2 e –9 nas diferentes linhagens celulares de nevos melanocíticos. Métodos: quarenta e dois nevos melanocíticos tiveram suas metades irradiadas com dose de 2 DEM (dose eritematosa mínima) de UVB e foram excisados uma semana após. As expressões imunoistoquímicas das MMP-2 e -9 foram comparadas, quanto à sua intensidade, por três avaliadores diferentes entre os lados irradiados e não irradiados em queratinócitos, melanócitos de epiderme e derme superior, células endoteliais e fibroblastos. Os dados foram analisados pelo teste t pareado para as diferenças de expressão e pelo ICC para avaliação da homogeneidade entre as respostas dos observadores. Resultados: com relação à expressão imunoistoquímica de MMP-2, todas as linhagens celulares mostraram aumento no lado irradiado, especialmente os melanócitos epidérmicos. Quanto à MMP-9, somente nos queratinócitos, não se observou aumento de expressão do lado irradiado, ficando essa evidente nas demais linhagens celulares avaliadas. Conclusões: A UVB na dose de 2 DEM aumenta a expressão imunoistoquímica das MMP-2 e –9 em quase todas as linhagens celulares dos nevos melanocíticos avaliados até uma semana após a irradiação, com exceção feita queratinócitos, com a MMP-9. / Background: the incidence of melanoma continues to increase in several countries. Melanocytic nevi may represent precursors or risk indicators of cutaneous melanoma. Ultraviolet radiation is the main environmental risk factor in their development. Studies with irradiated nevi show that ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation can cause morphological and biological alterations similar to those of a melanoma in situ. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are proteolytic enzymes, and MMP-2 and -9 (gelatinase A and B) in particular, appear to be involved with tumour invasion, the formation of metastases and neoangiogenesis in melanomas. This study aims to evaluate the effects of UVB radiation on the immunohistochemical expression of MMP–2 and –9 in different cell lines from melanocytic nevi. Methods: one half of each of the forty-two melanocytic nevi used in the study was irradiated with 2 MEDs (Minimal Erythema Dosis) of UVB radiation and excised one week later. Three different observers were given the task of comparing the intensity of the immunohistochemical expression of the MMP –2 and –9 on the irradiated and nonirradiated sides of keratinocytes, melanocytes from the epidermis and upper dermis, endothelial cells and fibroblasts. The collected data were analysed using the paired t test for differences in expression and ICC in order to assess the homogeneity of the evaluations made by the observers. Results: in relation to the expression of MMP–2, all the cell lines showed an increase on the irradiated sides, especially the epidermal melanocytes. Regarding MMP-9, while no significant increase in its expression in keratinocytes was noted on the irradiated side, significant increases were observed in the remaining lines. Conclusions: UVB radiation at 2 MEDs increases the immunohistochemical expression of MMP –2 and –9 in almost all evaluated cell lines up to one week after irradiation, with the exception of MMP-9 in keratinocytes.

Introdução: a incidência dos melanomas permanece em ascensão em diversos países. Os nevos melanocíticos podem ser seus precursores ou marcadores de risco. A radiação ultravioleta é o principal fator de risco ambiental para o seu desenvolvimento. Estudos com nevos irradiados mostram que a radiação ultravioleta B (UVB) pode causar alterações morfológicas e bioquímicas semelhantes às de um melanoma in situ. As metaloproteinases da matriz (MMP) são enzimas proteolíticas e, particularmente, as MMP-2 e –9 (gelatinases A e B) parecem estar associadas à invasão tumoral, à formação de metástases e de neoangiogênese em melanomas. O objetivo do presente estudo é avaliar os efeitos da UVB nas expressões imunoistoquímicas de MMP-2 e –9 nas diferentes linhagens celulares de nevos melanocíticos. Métodos: quarenta e dois nevos melanocíticos tiveram suas metades irradiadas com dose de 2 DEM (dose eritematosa mínima) de UVB e foram excisados uma semana após. As expressões imunoistoquímicas das MMP-2 e -9 foram comparadas, quanto à sua intensidade, por três avaliadores diferentes entre os lados irradiados e não irradiados em queratinócitos, melanócitos de epiderme e derme superior, células endoteliais e fibroblastos. Os dados foram analisados pelo teste t pareado para as diferenças de expressão e pelo ICC para avaliação da homogeneidade entre as respostas dos observadores. Resultados: com relação à expressão imunoistoquímica de MMP-2, todas as linhagens celulares mostraram aumento no lado irradiado, especialmente os melanócitos epidérmicos. Quanto à MMP-9, somente nos queratinócitos, não se observou aumento de expressão do lado irradiado, ficando essa evidente nas demais linhagens celulares avaliadas. Conclusões: A UVB na dose de 2 DEM aumenta a expressão imunoistoquímica das MMP-2 e –9 em quase todas as linhagens celulares dos nevos melanocíticos avaliados até uma semana após a irradiação, com exceção feita queratinócitos, com a MMP-9. / Background: the incidence of melanoma continues to increase in several countries. Melanocytic nevi may represent precursors or risk indicators of cutaneous melanoma. Ultraviolet radiation is the main environmental risk factor in their development. Studies with irradiated nevi show that ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation can cause morphological and biological alterations similar to those of a melanoma in situ. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are proteolytic enzymes, and MMP-2 and -9 (gelatinase A and B) in particular, appear to be involved with tumour invasion, the formation of metastases and neoangiogenesis in melanomas. This study aims to evaluate the effects of UVB radiation on the immunohistochemical expression of MMP–2 and –9 in different cell lines from melanocytic nevi. Methods: one half of each of the forty-two melanocytic nevi used in the study was irradiated with 2 MEDs (Minimal Erythema Dosis) of UVB radiation and excised one week later. Three different observers were given the task of comparing the intensity of the immunohistochemical expression of the MMP –2 and –9 on the irradiated and nonirradiated sides of keratinocytes, melanocytes from the epidermis and upper dermis, endothelial cells and fibroblasts. The collected data were analysed using the paired t test for differences in expression and ICC in order to assess the homogeneity of the evaluations made by the observers. Results: in relation to the expression of MMP–2, all the cell lines showed an increase on the irradiated sides, especially the epidermal melanocytes. Regarding MMP-9, while no significant increase in its expression in keratinocytes was noted on the irradiated side, significant increases were observed in the remaining lines. Conclusions: UVB radiation at 2 MEDs increases the immunohistochemical expression of MMP –2 and –9 in almost all evaluated cell lines up to one week after irradiation, with the exception of MMP-9 in keratinocytes.

Introdução: a incidência dos melanomas permanece em ascensão em diversos países. Os nevos melanocíticos podem ser seus precursores ou marcadores de risco. A radiação ultravioleta é o principal fator de risco ambiental para o seu desenvolvimento. Estudos com nevos irradiados mostram que a radiação ultravioleta B (UVB) pode causar alterações morfológicas e bioquímicas semelhantes às de um melanoma in situ. As metaloproteinases da matriz (MMP) são enzimas proteolíticas e, particularmente, as MMP-2 e –9 (gelatinases A e B) parecem estar associadas à invasão tumoral, à formação de metástases e de neoangiogênese em melanomas. O objetivo do presente estudo é avaliar os efeitos da UVB nas expressões imunoistoquímicas de MMP-2 e –9 nas diferentes linhagens celulares de nevos melanocíticos. Métodos: quarenta e dois nevos melanocíticos tiveram suas metades irradiadas com dose de 2 DEM (dose eritematosa mínima) de UVB e foram excisados uma semana após. As expressões imunoistoquímicas das MMP-2 e -9 foram comparadas, quanto à sua intensidade, por três avaliadores diferentes entre os lados irradiados e não irradiados em queratinócitos, melanócitos de epiderme e derme superior, células endoteliais e fibroblastos. Os dados foram analisados pelo teste t pareado para as diferenças de expressão e pelo ICC para avaliação da homogeneidade entre as respostas dos observadores. Resultados: com relação à expressão imunoistoquímica de MMP-2, todas as linhagens celulares mostraram aumento no lado irradiado, especialmente os melanócitos epidérmicos. Quanto à MMP-9, somente nos queratinócitos, não se observou aumento de expressão do lado irradiado, ficando essa evidente nas demais linhagens celulares avaliadas. Conclusões: A UVB na dose de 2 DEM aumenta a expressão imunoistoquímica das MMP-2 e –9 em quase todas as linhagens celulares dos nevos melanocíticos avaliados até uma semana após a irradiação, com exceção feita queratinócitos, com a MMP-9. / Background: the incidence of melanoma continues to increase in several countries. Melanocytic nevi may represent precursors or risk indicators of cutaneous melanoma. Ultraviolet radiation is the main environmental risk factor in their development. Studies with irradiated nevi show that ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation can cause morphological and biological alterations similar to those of a melanoma in situ. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are proteolytic enzymes, and MMP-2 and -9 (gelatinase A and B) in particular, appear to be involved with tumour invasion, the formation of metastases and neoangiogenesis in melanomas. This study aims to evaluate the effects of UVB radiation on the immunohistochemical expression of MMP–2 and –9 in different cell lines from melanocytic nevi. Methods: one half of each of the forty-two melanocytic nevi used in the study was irradiated with 2 MEDs (Minimal Erythema Dosis) of UVB radiation and excised one week later. Three different observers were given the task of comparing the intensity of the immunohistochemical expression of the MMP –2 and –9 on the irradiated and nonirradiated sides of keratinocytes, melanocytes from the epidermis and upper dermis, endothelial cells and fibroblasts. The collected data were analysed using the paired t test for differences in expression and ICC in order to assess the homogeneity of the evaluations made by the observers. Results: in relation to the expression of MMP–2, all the cell lines showed an increase on the irradiated sides, especially the epidermal melanocytes. Regarding MMP-9, while no significant increase in its expression in keratinocytes was noted on the irradiated side, significant increases were observed in the remaining lines. Conclusions: UVB radiation at 2 MEDs increases the immunohistochemical expression of MMP –2 and –9 in almost all evaluated cell lines up to one week after irradiation, with the exception of MMP-9 in keratinocytes.

Orientador: José Mauro Granjeiro / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T02:30:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira_RodrigoCardosode_D.pdf: 3052048 bytes, checksum: f37f738c374af69b889b7672904eddfc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar comparativamente a neoformação óssea e o perfil de gelatinases 2 e 9 durante o reparo de defeito crítico em crânio de ratos tratados com osso autógeno ou xenoenxerto desmineralizado. Um defeito ósseo de tamanho crítico (8 mm) foi confeccionado no crânio de 90 ratos Wistar (90 dias de vida), e preenchido com osso autógeno (grupo controle) obtido durante a confecção do defeito ou com matriz óssea bovina desmineralizada (grupo teste). Após os períodos de 7, 14, 21, 30 e 90 dias, os animais foram eutanasiados e as peças coletadas para análises histomorfométrica (em hematoxilina e eosina) e zimográfica. A análise paramétrica foi realizada utilizando análise de variância (teste de Tukey se p<0,05). O completo fechamento do defeito no grupo controle foi observado aos 90 dias com a neoformação óssea ocorrendo das bordas do defeito para o centro e da dura-máter para epiderme. No grupo teste houve atraso no processo de reparo, ossificação incompleta e substituição das partículas do biomaterial por tecido conjuntivo fibroso, após 21 dias. Nos primeiros 14 dias após a cirurgia o infiltrado inflamatório predominante era composto de células mononucleares e poucas células gigantes multinucleadas. A análise zimográfica demonstrou que a atividade MMP-2 e -9 foram significativamente maiores no grupo teste que no grupo controle (p<0,05), sendo que a atividade MMP-2 manteve-se elevada até o período de 14 dias no grupo teste. A despeito da biocompatibilidade do xenoenxerto, o biomaterial não foi capaz de promover a neoformação óssea no defeito, possivelmente devido ao intenso estímulo da atividade gelatinolítica, em particular da MMP-2, que pode ter mediado a reabsorção prematura da matriz óssea bovina desmineralizada / Abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate comparatively new bone formation and the profile of the gelatinases 2 and 9 during the repair of critical size defects treated with autogenous bone or demineralized xenograft. A critical defect (8mm) was created in the skull of 90 Wistar rats (90-day-old) and treated with autogenous bone (control group) obtained during the confection of the defect or demineralized bovine bone (experimental group). After at 7, 14, 21, 30 and 90 days, the animals were killed and the calvaria removed for morphometric (stained by hematoxylin-eosin) and zymografic analysis. Parametric analysis was realized with analysis of variance (Tuckey¿s test if p<0.05). The control group showed complete closure of the defects at 90 days with new bone formation occurring from the sides towards the center of the defect and from the dura-mater outwards to the epidermis. In the experimental group, there was a delay in the process of repair, incomplete ossification and nearly complete substitution of material particles by fibrotic connective tissue after 21 days. At 14 days post-operatively, the inflammatory infiltrate consisted predominantly of mononuclear cells and few multinuclear giants cells. Zymografic analysis demonstrated that the activities of MMP-2 and -9 were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group (p<0.05), in addition the activity of MMP-2 was increased up to 14 days in control group . Despite the biocompatibity of the xenograft, the biomaterial was not capable to promote new bone formation in the defect. This might be possibly related to the intense stimulation of the gelanolitic activity, in particular of MMP-2, which in turn may have mediated the resorption of the demineralized bovine bone / Doutorado / Bioquimica / Doutor em Biologia Funcional e Molecular

Abstract The invasion of a tumour through tissue limiting basement membranes is the critical step in malignant growth. Gelatinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) are endopeptidases capable of degrading extracellular and pericellular matrix proteins such as collagen IV, the major component of basement membranes. An over-expression of these gelatinases is generally found in malignant tumours and is linked to impaired prognosis in many cancer types. Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), endogenous regulators of the MMP activity, have recently been introduced as multifunctional proteins, which have paradoxical roles in tumour growth. Little data exists on the clinical significance of the gelatinases and TIMPs in gynaecological cancers. In this study the clinical significance of the gelatinases was studied in endometrial and uterine cervical cancers by using immunohistochemical staining with specific antibodies. In epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) these enzymes and their TIMPs were studied in the preoperative serum samples using ELISA assay. Additionally, sequential serum measurements were performed during chemotherapy to evaluate them as treatment response indicators. In endometrial cancer, MMP-9 positivity correlated to a poor histological differentiation and an advanced clinical stage. High MMP-2 expression correlated to a poor differentiation, and unfavourable survival in stage I cancers, with mortality rates of 5% and 19% in patients with MMP-2 negative versus intensively MMP-2 positive tumours, respectively. In cervical cancers high MMP-2 expression correlated to an increased mortality risk. High MMP-9 expression was connected to a good differentiation of a tumour. In EOC, a high circulating TIMP-1 value correlated to all the examined aggressive features of EOC, including poor survival. The serum measurements of TIMP-1 were uninformative about response evaluation during chemotherapy but paradoxically, an increase in gelatinases and TIMP-2 seemed to reflect a good response to treatment. In conclusion, the data from this study show that high MMP-2 expression in tumour tissue could be prognostic in endometrial and cervical cancer, and preoperative circulating TIMP-1 could serve as an additional prognostic marker in EOC. Studies with larger patient cohorts would be necessary to further explore the value of these enzymes in clinical practice in gynaecological cancers.

Metaloproteinases (MMP) são enzimas proteolíticas, fundamentais à carcinogênese. Evoluções de 37 pacientes operados por carcinomas medulares da tireóide foram comparadas com dados clinicopatológicos e expressões imuno-histoquímicas de MMP-2, MT1-MMP e TIMP-2 em seus espécimes neoplásicos. Condições clínicas finais foram correlacionadas com os aspectos clinicopatológicos: exame físico cervical positivo, sintomas sistêmicos, diâmetro tumoral, extensão neoplásica para a cápsula tireóidea, extensão tumoral para tecidos adjacentes, invasão vascular, metástases cervicais, estádio TNM, evidências de doenças cervical e/ou a distância. Expressões de MMP-2 e MT1-MMP foram correlacionadas à evolução clínica e maior proporção de TIMP-2, em relação à MMP-2, correlacionou-se a benefícios prognósticos / Metalloproteinases (MMP) are proteolytic enzymes, fundamental to carcinogenesis. Outcome of 37 patients operated on due to medullary thyroid carcinomas were compared to clinicopathologic data and immunohistochemistry expression of MMP-2, MT1-MMP and TIMP-2 in their neoplastic specimens. Final clinical conditions were related to the clinicopathologic aspects: clinical features, systemic symptoms, tumor size, tumor extension to thyroid capsule, tumor extension to adjacent tissues, vascular invasion, cervical metastases, TNM stage and evidences of disease in the neck and/or distant metastases. Expression of MMP-2 and MT1-MMP were related to outcome and greater proportion of TIMP-2, over MMP-2, was related to prognostic benefits

Metaloproteinases (MMP) são enzimas proteolíticas, fundamentais à carcinogênese. Evoluções de 37 pacientes operados por carcinomas medulares da tireóide foram comparadas com dados clinicopatológicos e expressões imuno-histoquímicas de MMP-2, MT1-MMP e TIMP-2 em seus espécimes neoplásicos. Condições clínicas finais foram correlacionadas com os aspectos clinicopatológicos: exame físico cervical positivo, sintomas sistêmicos, diâmetro tumoral, extensão neoplásica para a cápsula tireóidea, extensão tumoral para tecidos adjacentes, invasão vascular, metástases cervicais, estádio TNM, evidências de doenças cervical e/ou a distância. Expressões de MMP-2 e MT1-MMP foram correlacionadas à evolução clínica e maior proporção de TIMP-2, em relação à MMP-2, correlacionou-se a benefícios prognósticos / Metalloproteinases (MMP) are proteolytic enzymes, fundamental to carcinogenesis. Outcome of 37 patients operated on due to medullary thyroid carcinomas were compared to clinicopathologic data and immunohistochemistry expression of MMP-2, MT1-MMP and TIMP-2 in their neoplastic specimens. Final clinical conditions were related to the clinicopathologic aspects: clinical features, systemic symptoms, tumor size, tumor extension to thyroid capsule, tumor extension to adjacent tissues, vascular invasion, cervical metastases, TNM stage and evidences of disease in the neck and/or distant metastases. Expression of MMP-2 and MT1-MMP were related to outcome and greater proportion of TIMP-2, over MMP-2, was related to prognostic benefits