Orientadores: Márcio Lopes Miranda, Joaquim Murray Bustorff Silva / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T17:35:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Barros_RogerioFortunatode_D.pdf: 7693178 bytes, checksum: 55f02301a0933dc093626f6cdc21d65b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Objetivo: Elevações da pressão intra-abdominal durante o pneumoperitônio podem ocasionar oligúria ou anúria em mamíferos. Possível lesão renal decorrente ainda não foi bem documentada na literatura médica. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar o impacto do pneumoperitônio no parênquima renal em um modelo experimental de ratos jovens, através da expressão da neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (N-GAL), um biomarcador de lesão renal precoce. Materiais e Métodos: Vinte ratos machos jovens Sprague-Dowley foram utilizados no trabalho. Dezesseis ratos foram previamente anestesiados, traqueostomizados, flebotomizados e ventilados mecanicamente. Para análise, foram distribuídos em 4 grupos: Pneumoperitônio 1hora(h), Controle 1h, Pneumoperitônio 2h, Controle 2h. O quinto grupo, de quatro ratos, foi submetido à lesão renal através da administração de cisplatina para testar o biomarcador. Após 24h, todos os ratos foram submetidos à coleta de urina por 2 horas em gaiola metabólica; nefrectomia esquerda para quantificação por western blotting e nefrectomia direita para qualificação por immunofluorescência utilizando o biomarcador N-GAL Resultados: Os resultados foram analisados em 5 grupos de 4 ratos: Pneumoperitônio 1 e 2h, Controle 1 e 2h e Cisplatina. A expressão do N-GAL estava significantemente aumentada no grupo Cisplatina. Não houve diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os grupos Pneumoperitônio 1 e 2h e Controle 1 e 2h (P>0,05). . Conclusão: O Pneumoperitônio controlado de 1 e 2 horas em ratos não promoveu lesão renal aguda / Abstract: Objective: Elevations of intra-abdominal pressure during pneumoperitoneum can lead to oliguria or anuria in mammals. Consequent kidney injury has not been well demonstrated in the literature. The aim of this study is to investigate the post-operative kidney status after pneumoperitoneum in a rat model through expression of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (N-GAL), an early kidney injury biomarker. Materials and methods: Twenty male Sprague-Dowley rats were used in this experiment. Sixteen rats were previously anesthetized, tracheostomized, phlebotomized and mechanically ventilated were distributed in 4 groups: Pneumoperitoneum 1hour (h), Control 1h, Pneumoperitoneum 2h and Control 2h. The fifth group, composed of four rats, was kidney injuried with cisplatine to test the biomarker. After 24 hours all rats were submitted to a urine 2 hours output measurement, left nefrectomy to western blotting quantification and a right nefrectomy to immunofluorescence qualification of N-GAL. Results: The results were analyzed within 5 groups: Pneumoperitoneum 1 and 2h, Control 1 and 2h and Cisplatine group. The N-Gal expression was increased in the Cisplatine group. There weren't significant statistical difference between Pneumoperitoneum 1 and 2h and Control 1 and 2h groups (P>0,05). Conclusion: The 1 and 2hours controlled pneumoperitoneum isn't related to acute renal injury / Doutorado / Ciências da Cirurgia / Doutor em Ciências

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Biology / Lynn E. Hancock / The enterococci are gaining much notoriety as common nosocomial pathogens. One aspect of their pathogenesis, especially characteristic to infectious endocarditis and urinary tract infections, involves their ability to transition from the sessile state of existence to surface adherent structured communities called biofilms. Existence as biofilms, affords enterococci protection against a number of growth limiting challenges including antibiotic therapy and host immunity. In the current study a mechanistic role for two Fsr quorum-regulated extracellular proteases- gelatinase (GelE) and its cotranscribed serine protease (SprE), were explored in biofilm development of E. faecalis V583. Confocal imaging of biofilms suggested that GelE[superscript]– mutants were significantly reduced in biofilm biomass compared to V583, whereas the absence of SprE appeared to accelerate the progression of biofilm development. Culture supernatant and biofilm analysis confirmed that decreased biofilms observed in GelE[superscript]– mutants resulted from their inability to undergo autolysis and release extracellular DNA (eDNA) in planktonic and biofilm cultures, whereas SprE[superscript]– mutants produced significantly more eDNA as components of the biofilm matrix. The governing principle behind GelE mediated autolysis and eDNA release in E. faecalis V583 was demonstrated to be fratricide. GFP reporter assays of V583 populations confirmed that GBAP (gelatinase biosynthesis-activating pheromone encoded by fsrD) quorum non-responders (GelE[superscript]–SprE[superscript]–) were a minority subpopulation of prey cells susceptible to the targeted fratricidal action of the quorum responsive predatorial majority (GelE[superscript]+SprE[superscript]+). The killing action is dependent on GelE, and the GelE producer population is protected from self-destruction by the co-production of SprE as an immunity protein. Targeted gene inactivation and protein interaction studies demonstrate that extracellular proteases execute their characteristic effects following downstream interactions with the primary autolysin, AtlA. Finally, comparison of virulence effects of isogenic extracellular protease mutants (∆gelE, ∆sprE and ∆gelEsprE) relative to parental strain (V583) in a rabbit model of enterococcal endocarditis confirmed a critical role for GelE in the infection process. In conclusion, the data presented in this thesis are consistent with significant roles for GelE and SprE in biofilm mediated pathogenesis of enterococcal infections.

Toxoplasma gondii est un parasite protozoaire intracellulaire obligatoire appartenant à la famille des Apicomplexa. Chez les protozoaires, les protéases possèdent des rôles clés au niveau du cycle parasitaire, et sont ainsi considérées comme des facteurs de virulence. Chez T. gondii, les métallopeptidases pourraient être impliquées dans la traversée des différentes barrières biologiques. A l'heure actuelle, seules cinq métallopeptidases de T. gondii ont été décrites : une aminopeptidase N, deux toxolysines, une leucine aminopeptidase et une FtsH1 peptidase. Lors de l'étude de l'influence de l'invasion de monocytes humains par T. gondii sur le profil d'expression des métalloprotéases matricielles monocytaires, nous avons mis en évidence une protéase parasitaire présentant à la fois des propriétés gélatino- et élastinolytique.Le but de ce travail est de caractériser, purifier et identifier cette gélatinase de T. gondii.Dans un premier temps, nous avons caractérisé la gélatinase d'environ 100 kDa sécrétée par T. gondii comme étant une MMP-9 like (métallo-endopeptidase à zinc) mais ne possédant pas le même processus d'activation que les MMPs humaines.Dans un deuxième temps, après purification partielle par une série de chromatographie chélatrice de zinc, nous avons identifié par spectrométrie de masse la gélatinase comme étant la TGME49_227948 annotée dans ToxoDB. Cette protéase présente les domaines protéiques d'une métalloprotéase à zinc de la sous-famille M16C, et est proche au niveau de sa structure 3D de la chaine A de la 2FGE présente chez Arabidopsis Thaliana. Afin de confirmer l'annotation de ToxoDB, nous avons séquencé l'extrémité 5' de l'ARNm de cette protéase. Cependant, nos résultats expérimentaux ne sont pas en concordance avec l'annotation prédite dans la base de données ToxoDB.La séquence en acides aminés de cette protéase, nous a permis de synthétiser deux anticorps polyclonaux spécifiques afin de mettre en évidence deux formes de 140 kDa et 100 kDa et donc d'émettre l'hypothèse que cette protéase pourrait être clivée afin d'être activée. De plus, cette métalloprotéase a été détectée par western blot dans le cytosol des parasites mais elle est aussi secrétée dans le milieu conditionné. Par immunolocalisation, la protéase est présente au sein du parasite, au niveau du cytosol sans localisation préférentielle dans un organite particulier.Dans ce travail, nous avons montré que la gélatinase parasitaire sécrétée par T. gondii pourrait dégrader des composés de la matrice extracellulaire, d'où son rôle potentiel dans le mécanisme de traversée des barrières biologiques. / Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular protozoan parasite which belongs to the Apicomplexa phylum. In protozoans, proteases have key roles in the parasitic cycle. They thereby are considered as virulence factors. In T. gondii, metallopeptidases may be involved in the crossing of biological barriers. Currently, only five metallopeptidases from T. gondii are described: an aminopeptidase N, two toxolysins, one leucine aminopeptidase and one FtsH1 peptidase. During the study of the influence of human monocytes invasion by T. gondii on the monocytic matrix metalloproteases expression profile, we brought out a parasitic protease showing gelatino- and elastinolytic properties.The aim of this study is to characterize, purify and identify this gelatinase from T. gondii.First we characterized the 100 kDa-gelatinase secreted by T. gondii as an MMP-9-like (zinc metalloendopeptidase) but its activation process is different from human MMPs.Then, after the partial purification by a series of zinc-chelate chromatographies, we identified by mass spectrometry the gelatinase as the TGME49_227948 annotated in ToxoDB. This protease has M16C subfamily zinc-metalloprotease protein domains and is close to the 3D structure of the A chain of the 2FGE in Arabidopsis thaliana. In order to confirm the ToxoDB annotation, we sequenced the 5' end of the mRNA of this protease. Nevertheless our experimental results are not in the line with the predicted annotation in ToxoDB database.The amino acids sequence of this protease allowed us to synthesize two specific polyclonal antibodies in order to highlight two forms, 140 kDa and 100 kDa, and to emit the hypothesis that this protease could be cleaved to be activated. Moreover this metalloprotease was detected by Western Blot in the cytosol of the parasites but it can also be secreted in the conditioned medium. By immulocalization, the protease is present in the cytosol of the parasite without any preferential localization in a particular organelle.In this study, we showed that the parasitic gelatinase secreted by T. gondii could degrade extracellular matrix compounds, which could explain its potential role in the mechanism involved in the crossing of biological barriers.

Untersuchung der Reaktion kultivierter humaner Keratinozyten auf das Binden von Autoantikörpern beim bullösen Pemphigoid. Festgestellt wurde eine erhöhte Freisetzung von t-Pa, sowie eine Umverteilung und Reduktion des Zielantigens unter Calciumeinfluß. / Experiments to the reactions of cultivated keratinocytes after binding of autoantibodies against BP180. We recognizzed elevated levels of t-Pa and an alterated distribution of the target antigen under calcium influence.

Streptococcus mutans is a recognized principal etiologic agent in coronal caries. Although S. mutans has the ability to bind collagen and degrade FALGPA, a synthetic peptide mimicking collagen substrate, its role in dental root caries has not yet been fully elucidated. Degradation of collagen fibrils in dentin was attributed to S. mutans, but a collagenase enzyme has not yet been isolated from this organism. Considering the increased incidence of dental root decay among the elderly, an understanding of the role of the pathogenic factors is necessary to the development of preventive measures. The present study has focused on the cloning and analysis of S. mutans collagenase enzyme. Toward this goal, a putative collagenase gene was identified in S. mutans UA159 by genomic analysis and a primer set was designed and used to amplify the corresponding gene in S. mutans GS-5 used as a model organism. The PCR product was cloned into the vector pCR 2.1 TOPO-TA, and the gene sequenced and analyzed. Alignment of the S. mutans GS-5 and UA159 putative collagenase genes showed 99% homology. The gene was next cloned in frame into the inducible expression vector pET100/D TOPO. Induction and expression of recombinant protein in E. coli were confirmed by SDS-PAGE and Western immunoblotting, while biochemical analysis indicated that it was a calcium- dependent metalloproteinase. Enzyme analysis of the recombinant enzyme showed both gelatinolytic and collagenolytic activity. Further analysis of the GS5 gene using databases such as ExPASy, Pfam, and SMART indicated that it was highly homologous to the U32 peptidase family, which includes the PrtC collagenase of Porphyromonas gingivalis, a bacterium causing periodontitis. The present study was the first to unequivocally demonstrate the existence of a collagenase gene in S. mutans, and to identify it as a member of the U32 peptidase family. The obtaining of the S. mutans collagenase gene should help in further investigation of the role of this enzyme in dental root decay and its potential use as a dental root caries vaccine.

Chronic ulcers are an important and costly medical issue, causing their sufferers a large amount of pain, immobility and decreased quality of life. The common pathology in these chronic wounds is often characterised by excessive proteolytic activity, leading to the degradation of both the extracellular matrix, as well as key factors critical to the ulcer's ability to heal. As matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a large family of zinc-dependent endopeptidases, have been shown to have increased activity in chronic wound fluid (CWF), it was hypothesised that this specific proteolytic activity was directly related to an ulcer's chronic nature. Although previous studies have identified elevated proteases in CWF, many have reported contradictory results and therefore the precise levels and species of MMPs in CWF are poorly understood. The studies reported herein demonstrate that MMP activity is significantly elevated in CWF compared with acute wound fluid (AWF). In particular, these studies demonstrate that this proteolytic activity can be specifically attributed to MMPs and not another class of proteases present in wound healing. Furthermore, it is shown that MMP-9 is the predominant protease responsible for matrix degradation by CWF and is an indicator of the clinical status of the wound itself. Moreover, MMP-9 can be inhibited with the bisphosphonate alendronate, in the form of a sodium salt, a functionalised analogue, and also tethered to a synthetic biocompatible hydrogel compromised of aqueous poly (2-hydroxy methacrylate) PHEMA synthesised in the presence of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). Together, these results highlight the potential use of a tethered MMP inhibitor as an improved ulcer treatment to inhibit protease activity in the wound fluid, while still allowing MMPs to remain active in the wound bed where they perform vital roles in the activation of growth-promoting agents and immune system regulation.

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde da Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense para obtenção do título de Mestre em Ciências da Saúde. / O objetivo deste trabalho de pesquisa foi estimar a acurácia da Lipocalina associada à Gelatinase dos Neutrófilos humanos (NGAL) como um biomarcador para o diagnóstico precoce da Injúria Renal Aguda (IRA) em crianças, realizado por meio de uma revisão sistemática da literatura. Instituiu-se uma busca nas bases de dados Medline, LILACS, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Central Register de Ensaios Controlados e ISI Web of Science em publicações de janeiro de 1990 a outubro de 2016. Os estudos incluídos nesta revisão sistemática precisaram ter medido os níveis de NGAL no plasma e/ou na urina de crianças com risco aumentado de IRA e em que se permitiu a construção de tabelas de contingência 2x2. A partir de então calculou-se a sensibilidade e especificidade. A verificação de vieses foi realizada de acordo com QUADAS-2 e a análise estatística com o software Stata 14 e RevMan 5.3. Foram selecionados e analisados 13 estudos, que incluíram 1.629 crianças, sendo 559 com IRA e 1070 não desenvolveram IRA. Para a NGAL urinária a sensibilidade combinada foi de 0,74 (IC de 95% 0,59-0,85) e uma especificidade combinada de 0,94 (IC 95% 0,89-0,97); para NGAL plasmática a sensibilidade combinada foi de 0,80 (IC de 95% 0,64-0,90) e uma especificidade combinada de 0,87 (IC 95% 0,74-0,94). Com esses resultados concluímos que o nível de NGAL é um importante biomarcador para a detecção precoce da IRA em crianças.

Orientadores: Arnaldo Yoshiteru Kuaye, Maria de Fátima Borges / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T19:34:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fujimoto_Graciela_M.pdf: 2012969 bytes, checksum: 0410bde829c4461172a6ed4e7332f4dc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Enterococcus spp são bactérias conhecidas pela sua natureza ambígua, uma vez que podem promover características de interesse tecnológico em produtos fermentados, mas também, estão entre os principais patógenos nosocomiais. São bactérias onipresentes e sua prevalência ocorre principalmente em queijos de produção artesanal, como o queijo de coalho, produto bastante consumido na região nordeste do Brasil. Assim, o presente estudo objetivou: avaliar os principais determinantes fenotípicos (_-hemólise e gelatinase) e genotípicos (ace, as, cylA, cylB, cylM, efaA, esp, gelE e vanA) de virulência; verificar a atuação do gênero como cultura iniciadora no queijo de coalho (produção de diacetil, proteólise, lipólise e perfil em leite tornassolado); avaliar a produção de atividade antimicrobiana por isolados sem potencial de patogenicidade. A avaliação de determinantes de virulência foi realizada com 150 Enterococcus spp isolados de 14 amostras de queijos de coalho provenientes de duas regiões de produção artesanal do estado do Ceará. Utilizando-se a técnica molecular da PCR (Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase), identificou-se a presença de 90% (135/150) de E. faecium, 2,7% (4/150) de E. faecalis e 7,3% (11/150) de Enterococcus spp. Entre os determinantes genotípicos avaliados por PCR, apenas o gene as, foi negativo para todos os 150 isolados. Todos os E. faecalis apresentaram pelo menos um determinante genotípico de virulência, com 25% (1/4) para ace e gelE, 50% (2/4) e 100% (4/4), para efaA e esp, respectivamente. Entre os E. faecium também se observou que 16,3% (22/135) foram positivos para os genes efaA e esp. A atividade _-hemolítica foi observada em 36,3% (49/135) dos E. faecium e 50,0% (2/4) dos E. faecalis, destes, apenas, 1 E. faecium apresentou todos os genes do operon da citolisina (cylA, B, M). Outros 12 E. faecium apresentaram um ou dois genes cyl, mas não expressaram atividade _-hemolítica. A atividade da gelatinase foi observada para 2,9% (4/135) dos E. faecium, no entanto, o gene gelE, foi confirmado para apenas 2 desses E. faecium. O gene gelE foi confirmado por sequenciamento para 25% (1/4) dos E. faecalis e 20% (27/135) dos E. faecium que não expressaram a atividade gelatinase. A resistência a antibióticos foi determinada para 129 enterococos. Para os isolados de E. faecium 17,5 % (20/114) foram resistentes a eritromicina, 10,5 % (12/114) a tetraciclina e 0,9 % (1/114) a teicoplanina e a vancomicina (que não apresentou o gene vanA). O gene vanA foi observado em 6 E. faecium que foram sensíveis a vancomicina. Para os isolados de E. faecalis, 75 % (3/4) foram resistentes a tetraciclina. O perfil de características tecnológicas de 43 E. faecium e 2 E. faecalis, demonstrou que tanto isolados que não apresentaram determinantes de virulência quanto os que apresentaram múltiplos determinantes de virulência, foram capazes de produzir ácido lático, diacetil e atividade lipolítica. Apenas 1 isolado de E. faecium foi capaz de produzir atividade antimicrobiana contra L. monocytogenes. A presença de pelo menos um fator de virulência ou resistência a antibióticos foi observada em 82% dos enterococos, alertando sobre a necessidade de estudos cuidadosos quanto ao uso destes no processamento de alimentos / Abstract: Enterococcus spp bacteria are known for their ambiguous nature, since they can promote features of technological interest in fermented products, but also are among the leading nosocomial pathogens. They are ubiquitous and their prevalence occurs mainly in artisanal cheeses production, like ¿Coalho¿ cheese, product pretty consumed in the northeastern region of Brazil. Thus, this stud aimed to evaluate the major phenotypic (_-hemolysin and gelatinase) and genotypic (ace, as, cylA, cylB, cylM, efaA, esp, gelE e vanA) virulence determinants; check the performance of the genre as starter culture in Coalho cheese (production of proteolysis, diacetyl, lipolysis and profile on Litmus Milk); evaluate the production of antimicrobial activity by isolated without potential for pathogenicity. The assessment of virulence determinants was made with 150 strains of enterococci obtained from 14 samples of Coalho cheese made by artisanal production from two different regions in the state of Ceara. Using molecular technique of PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction), it was identified the presence of 90% (135/150) E. faecium, 2.7% (4/150) E. faecalis and 7.3% (11/150) Enterococcus spp. Among genotypic determinants evaluated by PCR only as gene was negative for all 150 isolates. All E. faecalis showed at least one genotypic virulence determinant, with 25% (1/4) to ace and gelE, 50% (2 / 4) and 100% (4/4), respectively for efaA and esp. Amongst E. faecium was also noted that 16.3% (22/135) were positive for efaA and esp. genes _-hemolytic activity was observed in 36.3% (49/135) of E. faecium and 50.0% (2/4) of E. faecalis, however only one E. faecium strains, showed all cytolysin genes (cylA, B, M). Another 12 E. faecium showed one or two cyl genes but haven¿t expressed _-hemolysin. Gelatinase activite was observed in 2.9% (4/135) of E. faecium, however gelE gene was observed in only two of these strains. The gelE gene was confirmed by sequencing for 25% (1/4) of E. faecalis and 20% (27/135) E. faecium that haven¿t expressed gelatinase activite. Antibiotic resistance was determined in 129 enterococci. For E. faecium strains, 17.5% (20/114) were resistant to erythromycin, 10.5% (12/114) to tetracycline and 0.9% (1/114) to teicoplanin and vancomycin (that haven¿t had vanA gene). About E.faecalis strains, 75% (3/4) were resistant to tetracycline. The vanA gene was observed in 6 E. faecium that were susceptible to vancomycin. Technological characteristics of 43 E. faecium and 2 E. faecalis were observed in nonpathogenic strains and in strains that showed multiple virulence determinants. All of this groups produced lactic acid, dyacetil and lypolisis. Only one E.faecium has showed antimicrobial activit against L. monocytogenes. The presence of at least a factor of virulence determinants or antibiotic resistence was observed in 82 % of Enterococcus strains, alerting about the necessity of careful studies regarding the use of enterococci in food processing / Mestrado / Engenharia de Alimentos / Mestre em Tecnologia de Alimentos

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(医学) / 乙第13168号 / 論医博第2155号 / 新制||医||1029(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 松田 道行, 教授 川口 義弥, 教授 近藤 玄 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

<p>Chondrosarcoma is a unique type of bone cancer in that it does not respond to chemotherapy or radiation therapy, and therefore many affected patients die from metastatic disease. Metastasis has been correlated to upregulation of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family of proteases, which can degrade a wide range of extracellular components. MMP2 is an enzyme secreted from the cell and degrades extracellular gelatin, as denatured collagen. ETV5 is a transcription factor which has shown to be overexpressed in multiple types of invasive tumours. The regulatory relationship between ETV5 and MMP2 has not been studied in chondrosarcoma. We hypothesized that ETV5 regulates MMP2 in human chondrosarcoma with the protease acting as a downstream effector. We have determined that both ETV5 and MMP2 are upregulated in the KC human chondrosarcoma cell line. Gene knockdown of ETV5 in KC cells resulted in a reduction in MMP2 mRNA expression as well as decreased protein production, and significantly decreased MMP2 gelatinase activity. When ETV5 is overexpressed, MMP2 expression is upregulated at the RNA and protein levels. Data from our bone resorption studies revealed that when a matrix metalloproteinase 2 inhibitor is added to the KC cell growth media, collagen released from bone chips decreased significantly. Upon histological examination, bone chips incubated with KC cells and the MMP2 inhibitor showed less bone resorption. Analyses of patient cell lines show similar expression profiles of ETV5 and MMP2 as the KC cell line. ETV5 knockdown (KD) in the patient cell lines also showed a decrease in MMP2 expression, similar to the KC cells, suggesting that the ETV5-MMP2 pathway has clinical importance. This data advocates that ETV5 has a significant role in regulating MMP2 expression and activity, and bone resorption in human chondrosarcoma, and thus may be a targetable effector of the metastatic cascade in this cancer.</p> / Master of Science (MSc)