Gender-based violence has been widely used by various actors against the most vulnerable individuals in conflict-affected settings. Internally displaced girls and women are especially susceptible to suffer from this type of violence; nevertheless, they frequently choose not to report it. The present research identifies and analyses the reasons for the under-reporting of gender-based violence occurrences against the above-mentioned individuals in northern Mozambique, namely, the province of Cabo Delgado. In the first phase of primary data collection, the researcher conducted two focus group discussions to obtain a transparent understanding of the community members’ interpretations, including internally displaced people. In a second phase, seventeen semi-structured interviews were conducted with community agents, activists, service providers, international and non-governmental organizations representatives, and political and religious figures. Subsequently, the findings were evaluated through an altered version of the ecological model (What Works to Prevent Violence, 2018). The results revealed that under-reporting of gender-based violence cases is caused by the following reasons: victim’s fear; social stigma; fear of retaliation; lack of information about gender-based violence and respective materialization; culture-blaming; distorted interpretations of female and male identities; the perpetrators’ influence within the community; lack of preparedness of officials working formal institutions, including hospitals, to refer victims to judicial bodies; women empowerment as a secondary subject within decision-making bodies; prevalence and importance of informal institutions and respective decisions; lack of official supervision on informal institutions; grassroots’ lack of knowledge on the creation or amendment of laws; male majority in security forces, including police stations and military; abuse of authority; lack of training of security forces concerning gender-based violence and respective long-term implications; absence of a standardized reporting process; and morosity of the trial. Therefore, this research points out that under-reporting of gender-based violence must be evaluated from a variety of cultural, social, and political perspectives.

The current study examines the gender based violence policies and programs of large, public universities in Florida. Current literature argues that preventing and responding to gender based violence in institutions of higher education requires comprehensive and ecological techniques at the individual, interpersonal, community, and societal level. In recent years, various institutions and agencies have showed increasing administrative commitment to addressing these issues. Futures Without Violence, formerly named Family Violence Prevention Fund, is a private organization that has established a set of guidelines and recommendations to aid IHEs in their response and prevention of gender based violence, intended to exceed federal regulations, such as Title IX and the Jeanne Clery Act. The current study used the guidelines and recommendations established by Futures Without Violence to perform a content analysis of ten large Florida universities' websites to determine the comprehensiveness and accessibility of each university's gender based violence policies and procedures. Findings indicate various levels of compliance within and among the universities. Thus, the current study outlines the generalized findings among all universities, describes the strengths and weaknesses of each university's policies, and provides recommendations for these institutions as well as future exploration of the feasibility of these guidelines and recommendations in practice.

This study used three research questions to analyze the barriers male nurses and male nursing students encountered in their nursing education. Further comparison was made between the results of this study and earlier studies using the same survey and recently graduated respondents versus respondents who had been out of nursing school for longer. The findings for this study indicate barriers for male nurses in their nursing program still exist. Nurses are still referred to primarily as "she," there is little to no content on men's contributions to nursing, male nursing students still have difficulty in their Obstetrics clinical rotation, male nurses and nursing students continue to be anxious regarding accusations of sexual inappropriateness when caring for female patients, and male nurses and male nursing students feel like they have to prove themselves because people still expect nurses to be females. Some barriers appear to not be present for most male nurses. The respondents reported feeling accepted by their peers. Respondents were encouraged to strive for leadership roles. People close to the respondents were supportive of their decision to enter nursing. Recommendations for changes in the nursing curriculum were made to help better support men in nursing school. Nursing school administrators can also use the results from this study to help decrease gender-based barriers, which may decrease male nursing students' high attrition rate.

Title: Willing to shop like a (wo)man? - A consumer perspective on the perception of Pink Tax Subject: Bachelor thesis in business administration, 15 hp Authors: Maja Eriksson & Elina Magnusson Purpose: The purpose of this study is, therefore, to compare the perceptions about the Pink Tax between men and women in Sweden, including how the price influences the willingness to buy as well as perceived price fairness and perception of gendered products. Methodology: The study was conducted by qualitative interviews with a semi structured interview. 8 respondents within the ages of 20-25 were interviewed. Empirical findings: Swedish men and women both perceive Pink Tax as discriminatory and unethical. They also share an understanding of the potential consequences of the issue. Both men and women are heavily influenced by the gender specification of products and gender based marketing. Women have a more extensive awareness of the Pink Tax and the price discrimination it causes. Men however, understand the reasonings behind gender based pricing to a greater extent than women do. Women are more likely to purchase items marketed towards the opposite sex than men are. Lastly, men and women’s shopping behaviors are based on internal and external factors such as the involvement of products and personal values, rather than solely being distinguished by their gender. Limitations: Due to the limited time frame given, the respondents for the empirical study had to be limited, making it more difficult to generalize the results on the entire swedish population within the ages 20-25. Implications: Bringing attention to the unexplored issue of perception of the Pink Tax on the Swedish market is something this study aims to shine a light on. In the hope of stimulating the conversation of the Pink Tax, the society could become more aware of this subject, provoking action from companies as well as legislators in addition to increasing the knowledge among consumers.  Key words: Pink Tax, price discrimination, gender based pricing, perception, pricing, purchases, gender, men, women and Sweden.

Migration in general and the assessment of the need of protection concerning people from Afghanistan in particular, has in recent years risen on the migration agenda, especially after the Taliban regime's expanded control in the country. This thesis aims to investigate what guidelines that are in place for assessing female Afghan asylum seekers who applies for asylum in Sweden based on gender related persecution. Through a legal dogmatic analysis, three determinations from the Swedish Migration Agency and three determinations from three of Sweden's migration courts have been examined. The purpose has been to examine the guidelines of the determinations, analyze the values applied by the Swedish Migration Agency and the Migration Courts in the determinations, and whether the current application of the law is legally secure based on Frändberg and Von Essen's definition of legal security. The results show that there are shortcomings in the Swedish Migration Agency's as well as the Migration Courts' assessments, which is consistent with previous research. The results as well as previous research shows knowledge gaps about what requirements that should be expected from the applicants in terms of reliability, credibility, and evidence.

The Swedish social services have an extensive responsibility for supporting victims andperpetrators of intimate partner violence (IPV) as well as their children. Social serviceworkers therefore need knowledge about IPV. However, previous research has shown that theself perceived competence of such knowledge is lacking among social workers. The purposeof this study is to examine why that is and what perspectives on knowledge about IPV thatare communicated (and not) by one of the central actors of the state governing of knowledge,the National Board of Health and Welfare (Socialstyrelsen). It also explores to what extentcritical perspectives are expressed. This is done by categorizing the content of one of theBoard’s IPV educational materials into three sections of knowledge: theoretical, factual andpractical knowledge. The results are analyzed using Bacchis analytical tool “Whats’s theProblem Represented to Be” (WPR), which shows that factual knowledge is dominant in thematerial while theoretical knowledge is least common. Critical perspectives on IPV, likeanalyses of structural power mechanisms, are hardly noticeable, which is considered as ashortcoming when it comes to understanding IPV. As IPV is a complex issue that can beviewed as troublesome within the social services and provoke emotions and resistance,pedagogical tools specifically adapted to education about IPV can be needed, which is nottaken into consideration in the studied material. The study discusses that a predominance offactual knowledge and a lack of critical perspectives in the educational material can beunderstood as influenced by NPM, focusing on production within prevailing frames ratherthan challenging them in order to enable social change. For knowledge about IPV to beimplemented and deepened within the social services, and thereby the support to IPV victims,perpetrators and their children to be strengthened, this study suggests that criticalperspectives are needed in the learning process, using pedagogical approaches which take thecomplexity of IPV into consideration

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The aim of this study is to examine the intervention methods and tools available fordomestic violence survivors in Nairobi, Kenya. Furthermore, the aim is also to contributeto the area's knowledge and discover if further research can be made that can help reducegender-based violence and address how the pandemic has affected their working methods.The authors conducted qualitative research using a focus-group interview with threeprofessionals who had experience in this area spanning about 45 years between them. Inthis qualitative research, there are many different data collection methods which could beused, but the authors choose open-ended questions as a way of collecting data. Thereafter,the authors used thematic coding together with the system theory and social learningtheory in order to analyze the findings. Furthermore, the findings were divided into threedifferent themes (Theme 1: Intervention methods & Tools, Theme 2: COVID-19 andWorking Methods and Theme 3: Needed Tools and Resources) along with sub-themes.The findings of this study have highlighted the importance of educating and empoweringthe population, specifically women and teen girls about domestic violence and its harm.In addition to this, lack of financial support and investment in communications platformswere some of the factors that hindered the service providers to assist the survivors.

La pandémie de la COVID-19 a eu des impacts sur tout un chacun. Or, force est de constater que certains groupes ont été plus durement touchés que d’autres. À cet effet, les femmes en situation d’itinérance représentent une population dont la recherche fait peu état de leur situation alors qu’elles sont extrêmement vulnérables et encore plus en temps de pandémie (Schiff, J.W., Pauly, B. et Schiff, P, 2016). Ce mémoire souhaite étudier les impacts de la COVID-19 sur le quotidien des femmes en situation d’itinérance à Montréal. Comment est-ce que l’imposition des mesures sanitaires a-t-elle été vécue ? Quelles en sont les répercussions ? Les données recueillies proviennent de la recherche : La réorganisation des services institutionnels et communautaires auprès des personnes en situation d’itinérance et les besoins des personnes en situation d’itinérance pour faire face à la pandémie de COVID-19. Une quinzaine d’entrevue semi-dirigées ont été réalisées auprès de femmes vivant une situation d’itinérance durant les périodes de l’automne 2020 et de l’hiver 2021. Les résultats ont par la suite été analysés dans une perspective féministe intersectionnelle par l’utilisation de l’analyse différenciée selon le sexe de même que la théorie de l’intersectionnalité. Les résultats de ce mémoire démontrent que l’imposition des mesures sanitaires a entraîné des conséquences négatives sur le quotidien des femmes en situation d’itinérance. Elles ont vu leur capacité à répondre à leurs besoins de base diminué jusqu’à parfois disparaitre. Le confinement, le couvre-feu ainsi que la fermeture des services non-essentielles ont aussi forcé une visibilité du phénomène de l’itinérance au féminin. Par ailleurs, la charge émotive de ces femmes s’est alourdie. Malgré toutes ces intempéries, celles-ci ont fait preuve d’une grande résilience et d’une capacité d’adaptation inouïe. En sus, les résultats démontrent qu’il y a eu un manque flagrant de considération de la part du gouvernement du Québec envers la situation spécifique des femmes en situation d’itinérance lors de l’imposition des mesures sanitaires. Cette absence de considération est venue brimer plusieurs de leurs droits fondamentaux impunément. Ce mémoire démontre les lacunes étatiques lors d’une crise sanitaire et proposent des pistes d’action pouvant y remédier. / The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted everyone. However, it is clear that some groups have been more severely affected than others. In this regard, women living on the streets represent a population whose situation is not well documented in research, even though they are extremely vulnerable, and even more so during a pandemic (Schiff, J.W., Pauly, B. et Schiff, P, 2016). This thesis aims to study the impacts of COVID-19 on the daily lives of women experiencing homelessness in Montreal. How was the imposition of the health measures experienced? What are the repercussions? The data collected is drawn from the research titled La réorganisation des services institutionnels et communautaires auprès des personnes en situation d’itinérance et les besoins des personnes en situation d’itinérance pour faire face à la pandémie de COVID-19. Fifteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with women experiencing homelessness during the fall of 2020 and winter of 2021. The results were then analyzed from an intersectional feminist perspective using gender-based analysis. The results of this thesis demonstrate that the imposition of COVID-19 restrictions has had a negative impact on the daily lives of women experiencing homelessness. They have seen their ability to meet their basic needs diminish and sometimes disappear. Confinement, curfews and the closing of non-essential services have also forced the visibility of homelessness on women. In addition, the emotional burden of these women has increased. Despite all the bad circumstances, they showed great resilience and an incredible capacity to adapt. In addition, the results show that there was a flagrant lack of consideration by the provincial government for the specific situation of women experiencing homelessness when imposing health measures. This lack of consideration has led to the violation of many of their fundamental rights with a lack of accountability. This thesis demonstrates the state's shortcomings during a public health crisis and proposes possible courses of action to address these deficiencies.