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The most common approach to examining gender equality in organizations is through quantitative measures, which can miss important aspects of gender equality. This study analyzes Sweden's most gender equal organization according to Nyckeltalsinstitutet to see if the experience of gender equality reflects the organization's good quantitative measures. Based on previous research in the field of gender equality, we assume the working hypothesis that women in organizations are generally treated as the subordinate gender. The study consists of a survey and four semi structured interviews with employees at Sveriges Radio. The questions we aim to answer with the study are: (1) Do experiences of inequality exist in Sweden's most gender equal organization? and (2) does the experience reflect the good quantitative measures of gender equality within the organization? Our working hypothesis is supported by the results of the study. The main conclusion is that there are experiences of inequality within the organization and that experiences of gender discrimination and an unequal work environment do not necessarily reflect the good quantitative measures of gender equality. All relevant aspects of gender equality are therefore not captured by quantitative measures.

The aim of this thesis is to find out how the role of the teacher can affect positively or negatively the issue of gender equality in classroom and more specifically how this question can be applied to the Greek educational system which, for years, has been following a program that suggests ways for the elimination of gender stereotyping. The reason that this thesis focuses mainly on the role of the teacher, besides the fact that teaching is my occupation, lies in the fact that the implementation of every policy presupposes the willingness of the teacher to carry out those implementations. The implementation of policies on gender issues requires a constant education and training on gender issues and rights, expanding the attitude and beliefs on the issue. So far the policies tend to aim to equality and elimination of discrimination. We will see at which level we currently are and which are the visions regarding this matter.

This paper examines to what extent gender equality correlates with electoral violence, through a quantitative study of 220 elections that have taken place in sub-Saharan African countries between 1990 and 2008. As such, it has a two-folded purpose. First, to contribute empirically to research about the causes of electoral violence by introducing a new variable. Second, to put to test previous research that argues in favour of a correlation between gender equality and peace. Accordingly, this paper hypothesises that higher levels of gender equality correlate with lower levels of electoral violence. In support of previous research, an initial bivariate regression demonstrates a strong negative relationship between the two variables of interest. The association is only slightly weakened in the sequencing multivariate regression, when controlling for democracy, ethnic fractionalisation, majoritarian electoral systems, GDP per capita, whether an incumbent is running for office, ongoing civil war, and whether the election is the first to take place after a war. The main finding of this thesis is that there is a robust negative correlation between gender equality and electoral violence, which is affected by other variables but not dependent on them.

The concept of co-optation offers vocabulary to discuss how concerns and demands of feminist movements are transformed on their way to, and within, mainstream organizations and policymaking. However, applications of this concept can have problematic implications, failing to grasp the complexity of social change efforts and contributing to divisions, rather than alliances, between different groups that work and fight for gender equality. This article argues that conceptual tools from organizational institutionalism can help to avoid these pitfalls by capturing the ambivalence of organizational change initiatives, and allowing us to identify not only counterintentional effects, but also subtle and unexpected opportunities of organizational gender equality work. I illustrate my arguments with empirical examples from research on gender equality work in Austrian universities.

Title: Gender equality in non-profit organizations: Gävle International Red Cross Level: Final assignment for Master Degree in Business Administration Authors: Zhe Chen and Bijun Sun Supervisors: Maria Fregidou-Malama and Pär Vilhelmson Date: 2013-May Aim: The study is to investigate the factors that influence gender equality in non-profit organizations. In order to find out the factors, we choose Gävle International Red Cross as the target organization to do the investigation. Method: The study uses qualitative approach to collect the primary data and interview is the source of primary data. We interviewed seven members of Gävle International Red Cross. As for the secondary data, previous theories are the sources, and we also created a theoretical framework based on those theories. Furthermore, we combine the theories and empirical findings to present the discussion chapter. The orders of empirical findings and discussion follow the theoretical framework. Results & Conclusions: After analyzing the data, we find out that organization, culture, management and government’s efforts are four factors having impacts on achieving gender equality in the target organization. Based on the primary and secondary data, there is no ranking for these four factors and all of them are important for the target organization to achieve gender equality. Suggestions for future research: Qualitative approach is the only way to collect primary data, which is helpful for collecting different opinions from the participants. However, it will be more critical and objective for the study to use both qualitative and quantities approach at the same time. Since seven interviewees have participated, the numbers of the participants can be increased, in order to improve the reliability and validity into higher level. Contribution of the thesis: We organize the theories we used and create a theoretical framework which is useful for connecting gender equality into non-profit organizations. This study can motivate managers to consider gender equality during managing their organizations. Key words: Gender equality, management, non-profit organization, culture

Our purpose with this essay is to find explanations to the genesis of the Swedish law against prostitution now in power, known as Sexköpslagen 1998:408. We enter deeply into the official reports behind the law. This Swedish law implies that in a sex trade a crime is committed only by the consumer, and not by the seller. Our essay will result in an analysis of what sexköpslagen is an expression for. Our assumption is that the so called ideology of (gender) equality in Sweden might be a part of the explanation to the genesis of sexköpslagen. The question at issue, which we will try to give an answer to is: Why was a prohibition against buying sexual services introduced in Sweden? To be able to study the unique law we will make some international comparisons in order to relate the Swedish law to other countries’ regulations. The method of our essay is to analysis material that mainly consists of official reports and preparatory to the law. The process to the Swedish law was complicated and protracted. Political discussions about a criminalization began in the 1970 but it would take thirty years before the law was applied. Of crucial importance to the law now in power was the women union of the social democracy party. In order to meet the aim of our essay we analyze our material with the theory of the Swedish women movements and how they put the question of equality on the political agenda. Our conclusion is that prostitution is considered to be an expression for lack of (gender) equality.

The substance of this thesis is going to conduct Feminism into the research of female labor situation and current equal rights between two sexes through demonstration of Patriarchy and Feminism. To solve the straits and situation of female labor under the collusion of Patriarchy and Capitalism after analyzed the comparison of Feminism Legal Research and related references. Further, to expect our government can implement actually the equal rights between two sexes. When we discovered successfully the equal rights between two sexes in advanced countries, which have included all levels, the fluctuations of equal rights between both sexes are predominated by our Patriarchy government that cannot realize the core of female demand. And also any kind of protection strategies separated in different laws so result in much disadvantages and conflicts. Furthermore, the females suffer from unfair dual treatments of labor market and no-pay labor in domestic chores because of the logic of labor force and class construction, which are formed by conventional Patriarchy values and capitalism. In job market, the females have to face up to the traits of sexual discrimination, informally payment, sex harassment, pregnancy prevention, re-employee, personalize child care, and lack of female protection. However, under the backgrounds of political and economical structures and the pressure of interpretation of law made by the Grand Justice the woman movements were springing up lately and to supervise government to establish Gender Equality in Employment Law in accordance with the bases of the legal principles, so as to achieve the goal of implementing the equal rights for both sexes. The problems of Patriarchy have been broken progressively by Gender Equality in Employment Law and Sexual Harassment Prevention Law, in which include forbiddance of sexual discrimination employment equality, and sexual harassment prevention. It does not only integrate and make up lack of equal rights between two sexes by past, but also transform the ¡§Female Protection¡¨, which was forbidden by Patriarchy, to ¡§Gender Equality¡¨. Moreover, try to make reasonable for sexual discrimination and to achieve the purpose of gender equality. Although we have discovered actual situation that still not implement overall in our society, gender equality has changed and adjusted. Thus, to realize the gender subject is mutual responsibility and concept of two sexes, enterprises, and government. In a word, under the demonstration of Patriarchy and Feminism we disclose that the cultural hegemony and collusion of Patriarchy and Capitalism are the key points of obstructing the practice of equal rights for both sexes. Women groups have realized the idea of Feminism by means of Gender Equality in Employment Law and Sexual Harassment Prevention Law. Although there are many compromises and concessions in the process, they have broken the phenomenon of the predominant status and impediment of Patriarchy gradually, and the women issues are promoted to the category of public area to be discussed. The predicaments of women in families and jobs have received much attention. It is possible to realize the equal rights for both sexes and gender equality, and the day of accomplishing the equal rights for both sexes can be expected soon.

<p>Our purpose with this essay is to find explanations to the genesis of the Swedish law against prostitution now in power, known as Sexköpslagen 1998:408. We enter deeply into the official reports behind the law. This Swedish law implies that in a sex trade a crime is committed only by the consumer, and not by the seller. Our essay will result in an analysis of what sexköpslagen is an expression for. Our assumption is that the so called ideology of (gender) equality in Sweden might be a part of the explanation to the genesis of sexköpslagen. The question at issue, which we will try to give an answer to is: Why was a prohibition against buying sexual services introduced in Sweden? To be able to study the unique law we will make some international comparisons in order to relate the Swedish law to other countries’ regulations. The method of our essay is to analysis material that mainly consists of official reports and preparatory to the law. The process to the Swedish law was complicated and protracted. Political discussions about a criminalization began in the 1970 but it would take thirty years before the law was applied. Of crucial importance to the law now in power was the women union of the social democracy party. In order to meet the aim of our essay we analyze our material with the theory of the Swedish women movements and how they put the question of equality on the political agenda. Our conclusion is that prostitution is considered to be an expression for lack of (gender) equality.</p>

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