Global ETD Search

31	Avaliação de uma região hotspot do gene citocromo b para resistência aos fungicidas inibidores da quinona oxidase (QoI) em patógenos de uva Niágara Rosada / Evaluating a hotspot region of the cytochrome b gene related to the resistance to quinone oxidase inhibitor (QoI) fungicides in pathogens of Niagara Rosada grapevine Moraes, Nathália de 26 August 2016 (has links) A videira é uma das plantas mais antigas cultivadas pela humanidade, sendo que no Brasil a uva é a terceira fruta com maior volume de produção, atrás apenas do cultivo das bananas e das laranjas. Apesar da produção rentável, principalmente aos pequenos produtores, o parreiral é susceptível a várias doenças cujo manejo compromete até 59% dos gastos do produtor. No estado de São Paulo, dentre as doenças, três têm destaque: a antracnose (causada pelo Sphaceloma ampelinum), o míldio da videira (causado pelo Plasmopara viticola) e a ferrugem (causada pelo Phakopsora euvitis). Os produtores utilizam controle químico de forma intensa e preventiva, chegando a 100 aplicações de fungicidas em um ciclo de até 120 dias. Os principais fungicidas utilizados são os inibidores da quinona oxidase (QoI), que agem impedindo o transporte de elétrons do citocromo b ao citocromo c1 na cadeia respiratória da mitocôndria. Porém, existem relatos de resistência ao fungicida aplicado no campo em diversos países. As substituições G143A, G137R e F129L na sequência da proteína citocromo b impedem que o fungicida se ligue ao seu sítio alvo. As mutações que levam às substituições estão localizadas em uma das regiões chamada hotspot do gene citocromo b (cytB). Visto que, pela carência de estudos, a resistência genética a esses fungicidas nunca foi relatada no Brasil, o objetivo principal desse trabalho foi sequenciar e caracterizar a região hotspot em isolados de míldio, ferrugem e antracnose provenientes de parreirais do estado de São Paulo. Foram selecionados 35 isolados de 11 locais diferentes; desses, 11 isolados de míldio foram considerados geneticamente resistentes, pois apresentam a mutação para o resíduo alanina na posição 143, e 4 isolados foram considerados geneticamente sensíveis. Os dois isolados de ferrugem selecionados também foram considerados geneticamente sensíveis. Pela estratégia de Genome Walking foi possível sequenciar 65% do gene cytB de um dos isolados brasileiros de P. viticola; foram encontrados poucos polimorfismos e nenhum íntron na sequência analisada. Os resultados obtidos com esse estudo podem servir de suporte para a tomada de decisões de manejo mais adequadas para a realidade da viticultura brasileira; além disso, são importantes para futuros estudos sobre a evolução do patógeno com a pressão seletiva exercida pelos fungicidas. / Grapevine is one of the most ancient cultivated plants and its fruit, grape, is notably important in Brazil, since it is the third most produced, only behind banana and citrus. Although it is rentable especially to smallholders, the vineyard is often attacked by several pathogens and the damages induced by them can compromise up to 59% of the producers\' expenses in order to keep the diseases under control. In Sao Paulo state there are three important diseases that attack vineyards: anthracnose (caused by Sphaceloma ampelinum), downy mildew (caused by Plasmopara viticola) and rust (caused by Phakopsora euvitis). Pest management practices used by the producers relies on intensive and preventive use of fungicides, in which the culture is sprayed 100 times per vineyard\'s growth cycle (that last approximately 120 days). One of the most used fungicides are the quinone oxidase inhibitors (QoI), that act by blocking the electron transport chain at the mitochondria binding at the Qo site of the cytochrome b (cytB) complex. However, there are several reports of the presence of resistant strains in different countries. Resistance is caused by the aminoacids substitutions F129L, G137R and G143A in the cytochrome b protein sequence, that prevent the fungicide molecule binding to its target site. The mutations in the cytB gene that lead to these substitutions are harbored in a region called hotspot for fungicide resistance. Since this type of study was never reported in Brazil, the main purpose of this work was to sequence and characterize the hotspot region of different isolates from anthracnose, downy mildew and rust. Thirty five isolates from eleven different locations were choosen for the study. Eleven of them harbored the mutation that lead to the substitution G143A; these were then considered genetically resistant to the QoI fungicides. On the contrary, four downy mildew and the two rust isolates were considered sensitive to the QoI fungicides, since none of the aminoacids substitutions were observed. Also, by using a technique named Genome Walking it was possible to sequence 65% of cytB gene from a Brazilian downy mildew isolate. In this sequence were found few polymorphisms and none intron. These study findings are unique for Brazilian isolates and might be useful to provide reliable support for the pest management decisions regarding the reality that is found at the vineyards in Brazil. Furthermore, the results presented here are important to the comprehension of pathogen\'s evolution when suffering from a selective pressure caused by the intensive use of fungicides. cytB gene mutation genome walking Genome Walking Antracnose da videira Evolução da resistência evolution of fungicide resistance Ferrugem da videira Fungicide Resistance grape anthracnose grape rust Míldio da videira Mutação no gene cytB powdery mildew of grapevines Resistência a fungicidas Viticultura paulista
32	Avaliação de uma região hotspot do gene citocromo b para resistência aos fungicidas inibidores da quinona oxidase (QoI) em patógenos de uva Niágara Rosada / Evaluating a hotspot region of the cytochrome b gene related to the resistance to quinone oxidase inhibitor (QoI) fungicides in pathogens of Niagara Rosada grapevine Nathália de Moraes 26 August 2016 (has links) A videira é uma das plantas mais antigas cultivadas pela humanidade, sendo que no Brasil a uva é a terceira fruta com maior volume de produção, atrás apenas do cultivo das bananas e das laranjas. Apesar da produção rentável, principalmente aos pequenos produtores, o parreiral é susceptível a várias doenças cujo manejo compromete até 59% dos gastos do produtor. No estado de São Paulo, dentre as doenças, três têm destaque: a antracnose (causada pelo Sphaceloma ampelinum), o míldio da videira (causado pelo Plasmopara viticola) e a ferrugem (causada pelo Phakopsora euvitis). Os produtores utilizam controle químico de forma intensa e preventiva, chegando a 100 aplicações de fungicidas em um ciclo de até 120 dias. Os principais fungicidas utilizados são os inibidores da quinona oxidase (QoI), que agem impedindo o transporte de elétrons do citocromo b ao citocromo c1 na cadeia respiratória da mitocôndria. Porém, existem relatos de resistência ao fungicida aplicado no campo em diversos países. As substituições G143A, G137R e F129L na sequência da proteína citocromo b impedem que o fungicida se ligue ao seu sítio alvo. As mutações que levam às substituições estão localizadas em uma das regiões chamada hotspot do gene citocromo b (cytB). Visto que, pela carência de estudos, a resistência genética a esses fungicidas nunca foi relatada no Brasil, o objetivo principal desse trabalho foi sequenciar e caracterizar a região hotspot em isolados de míldio, ferrugem e antracnose provenientes de parreirais do estado de São Paulo. Foram selecionados 35 isolados de 11 locais diferentes; desses, 11 isolados de míldio foram considerados geneticamente resistentes, pois apresentam a mutação para o resíduo alanina na posição 143, e 4 isolados foram considerados geneticamente sensíveis. Os dois isolados de ferrugem selecionados também foram considerados geneticamente sensíveis. Pela estratégia de Genome Walking foi possível sequenciar 65% do gene cytB de um dos isolados brasileiros de P. viticola; foram encontrados poucos polimorfismos e nenhum íntron na sequência analisada. Os resultados obtidos com esse estudo podem servir de suporte para a tomada de decisões de manejo mais adequadas para a realidade da viticultura brasileira; além disso, são importantes para futuros estudos sobre a evolução do patógeno com a pressão seletiva exercida pelos fungicidas. / Grapevine is one of the most ancient cultivated plants and its fruit, grape, is notably important in Brazil, since it is the third most produced, only behind banana and citrus. Although it is rentable especially to smallholders, the vineyard is often attacked by several pathogens and the damages induced by them can compromise up to 59% of the producers\' expenses in order to keep the diseases under control. In Sao Paulo state there are three important diseases that attack vineyards: anthracnose (caused by Sphaceloma ampelinum), downy mildew (caused by Plasmopara viticola) and rust (caused by Phakopsora euvitis). Pest management practices used by the producers relies on intensive and preventive use of fungicides, in which the culture is sprayed 100 times per vineyard\'s growth cycle (that last approximately 120 days). One of the most used fungicides are the quinone oxidase inhibitors (QoI), that act by blocking the electron transport chain at the mitochondria binding at the Qo site of the cytochrome b (cytB) complex. However, there are several reports of the presence of resistant strains in different countries. Resistance is caused by the aminoacids substitutions F129L, G137R and G143A in the cytochrome b protein sequence, that prevent the fungicide molecule binding to its target site. The mutations in the cytB gene that lead to these substitutions are harbored in a region called hotspot for fungicide resistance. Since this type of study was never reported in Brazil, the main purpose of this work was to sequence and characterize the hotspot region of different isolates from anthracnose, downy mildew and rust. Thirty five isolates from eleven different locations were choosen for the study. Eleven of them harbored the mutation that lead to the substitution G143A; these were then considered genetically resistant to the QoI fungicides. On the contrary, four downy mildew and the two rust isolates were considered sensitive to the QoI fungicides, since none of the aminoacids substitutions were observed. Also, by using a technique named Genome Walking it was possible to sequence 65% of cytB gene from a Brazilian downy mildew isolate. In this sequence were found few polymorphisms and none intron. These study findings are unique for Brazilian isolates and might be useful to provide reliable support for the pest management decisions regarding the reality that is found at the vineyards in Brazil. Furthermore, the results presented here are important to the comprehension of pathogen\'s evolution when suffering from a selective pressure caused by the intensive use of fungicides. Genome Walking Antracnose da videira Evolução da resistência Ferrugem da videira Míldio da videira Mutação no gene cytB Resistência a fungicidas Viticultura paulista cytB gene mutation genome walking evolution of fungicide resistance Fungicide Resistance grape anthracnose grape rust powdery mildew of grapevines
33	Primary Microcephaly Gene MCPH1 Shows Signatures of Tumor Suppressors and is Regulated by miR-27a in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Thejaswini, V January 2013 (has links) (PDF) Autosomal recessive primary microcephaly (MCPH) is a congenital neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by a reduced occipital-frontal head circumference (OFC) of less than -3 SDs below the population mean for age and sex. It is a genetically heterogeneous disorder caused by mutations in one of the following 10 MCPH genes: MCPH1 (microcephalin 1), WDR62 (WD repeat domain 62), CDK5RAP2 (cyclin-dependent kinase 5 regulatory associated protein 2), CASC5 (cancer susceptibility candidate 5), CEP152 (centrosomal protein 152 kDa), ASPM (asp [abnormal spindle] homolog, microcephaly associated [Drosophila]), CENPJ (centromeric protein J), STIL (SCL/TAL1-interrupting locus), CEP135 (centrosomal protein 135 kDa) and CEP63 (centrosomal protein 135 kDa). The MCPH1 (microcephalin 1) gene is located on chromosome 8p23.1. Microsatellite analysis has previously shown LOH at the markers D8S518 and D8S277 flanking the MCPH1 locus in 1/21 oral tumors. Furthermore, LOH at the markers D8S1742 and D8S277 flanking the MCPH1 locus has also been observed in 2/32 hepatocellular carcinomas. MCPH1 has been found to be mutated in breast and endometrial cancers. Additionally, it was found to be downregulated at the transcript level in 19/30 ovarian cancer tissues and the protein level in 93/319 breast cancer tissues. Decreased MCPH1 protein levels are associated with triple negative breast cancers and a lower transcript level of MCPH1 correlates with lesser time for metastasis to occur in breast cancer patients. Interestingly, MCPH1 knockout mice in a null TP53 background show susceptibility to cancer.So far, studies have indicated that MCPH1 is a DNA repair protein. MCPH1 is required for the formation of DNA repair foci, chromatin relaxation, HR and NHEJ. It regulates G1/S and G2/M cell cycle checkpoints. Also, depletion of MCPH1 leads to genomic instability and centrosome amplification. Hence, the defect in the function of MCPH1 can lead to plethora of anomalies including cancer. Based on these observations, we hypothesized that MCPH1 may also function as a tumor suppressor (TS) gene, in addition to its role in the brain development. The purpose of this study was to test if MCPH1 also functions as a TS gene using different approaches in OSCC (oral squamous cell carcinoma). OSCC is the sixth most common type of cancer. It includes the cancer of the lips, anterior 2/3rd of the tongue, buccal mucosa, floor of the mouth, retromolar trigone and gingiva. Despite the advances in the treatment of oral cancer, the five-yr survival rate has not increased. Hence, the effective treatment of OSCC requires the identification of molecular targets to design appropriate therapeutic strategies. LOH, mutations and promoter methylation in tumors are the hallmarks of TS genes. In order to ascertain the TS roles of MCPH1, we carried out LOH analysis in 81 matched blood/normal and tumor oral tissues using D8S1819, D8S277 and D8S1798 markers flanking the MCPH1 locus. The results showed LOH at one or more markers in 14/71 (19.72%) informative samples across the tumor stages from T1 to T4. The entire coding region and the exon-intron junctions of the MCPH1 gene were sequenced for mutations in 15 OSCC samples and 5 cancer cell lines (viz., A549, HeLa, KB, SCC084 and SCC131). In total, three mutations namely c.1561G>T(p.Glu521X), c.321delA(p.Lys107fsX39) and c.1402delA(p.Thr468fsX32) were identified. The expression of MCPH1 was analysed at both the transcript and protein levels by real-time quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively, in OSCC samples. MCPH1 was downregulated in 51.22% (21/41) of OSCC samples at the transcript level. The MCPH1 protein was downregulated in 76% (19/25) of the OSCC samples. In order to elucidate if the MCPH1 promoter was methylated in OSCC tissues, we retrieved the MCPH1 promoter from the database TRED (Transcriptional Regulatory Element Database). The promoter was analysed for the presence of CpG islands using the CpG Plot/CpG Report program. Two CpG islands (CpGI and CpGII) were identified within the MCPH1 promoter. Both the CpG islands were analysed for methylation in 40 OSCC samples by COBRA (Combined Bisulfite Restriction Analysis). CpGI showed no methylation in 40 OSCC samples. However, CpGII showed methylation in 4/40 (10%) OSCC samples and the methylation was absent in their corresponding normal oral tissues. To analyse the methylation of the MCPH1 promoter in cancer cell lines, HeLa, KB, SCC084 and SCC131 cells were treated with 5’-2-deoxy azacytidine (AZA), a methyltrasferase inhibitor. HeLa and KB cells did not show any change in the MCPH1 transcript level after the AZA treatment. However, SCC084 and SCC131 cells showed upregulation of MCPH1 after the treatment, suggesting methylation of the MCPH1 promoter. To validate these observations, we examined the methylation status of both the CpG islands in these cell lines. We found methylation of CpGII only in SCC084 cells. HeLa, KB and SCC131 cells showed no methylation of CpGI and CpGII. The results obtained by COBRA in these cell lines were further confirmed by bisulfite sequencing of CpGI and CpGII islands. Further, the upregulation of MCPH1 after azacytidine treatment in SCC131 cells can be attributed to a promoter independent mechanism or due to methylation of the CpG sites not examined by us. To elucidate the biological effects of MCPH1 in a cancer cell line, we generated stable clones overexpressing MCPH1 in KB cells. The results showed that MCPH1 overexpression decreased cellular proliferation, cell invasion, anchorage-independent growth in soft-agar and tumor growth in nude mice. Further, MCPH1 overexpression lead to apoptosis. A low frequency of LOH, mutations and promoter methylation suggested that they might not be the major mechanisms of downregulation of MCPH1 in OSCC. We then speculated that MCPH1 could be regulated by miRNAs. We therefore used five miRNA target prediction softwares to identify miRNAs targeting MCPH1. The programs identified two binding sites for miR-27a within the 5.4 kb region of the 3’-UTR of MCPH1. The luciferase assay showed that both the seed regions of MCPH1 were binding to miR-27a. In addition, transient transfection of the premiR-27a construct in KB cells decreased the protein level of MCPH1. Additionally, in a small panel of 10 OSCC samples, there was a negative correlation between the levels of miR-27a and MCPH1. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report showing any miRNA regulating the MCPH1 gene. It is important to note that tumor suppressors can serve as potential biomarkers with prognostic value. Hence, we analysed the correlation of the expression levels of MCPH1 with clinico-pathological parameters such as TNM, gender, age and site of the cancer by Fischer’s exact test. No statistical correlation was observed between the transcript or protein levels with any of the clinico-pathological parameters. In summary, the results of the present study have suggested that the primary microcephaly gene MCPH1 shows several hallmarks of TS genes and functions as a tumor suppressor in OSCC, in addition to its role in brain development. We have for the first time shown that miR-27a targets MCPH1 and regulates its level. It is interesting to note that none of the other 10 MCPH genes have been shown to be regulated by any miRNA yet. Our study will be useful in designing novel therapeutic methods for the treatment of OSCC either by overexpression of MCPH1 or reducing the level of miR-27a by an antagomir. Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Microcephaly Tumor Suppressors Microcephaly Gene - Tumor Suppression Microcephaly Gene Regulation Microcephaly Gene Mutation Microcephaly Gene Methylation Microcephaly Gene (MCPH) Squamous Cell Carcinoma MCPH1 Microcephalin 1 Molecular Biology
34	Proliferation and expression of p53 in odontogenic tumours - An immunohistochemical analysis Wassberger, Johanna, Yarahmadi, Mahtab January 2017 (has links) Introduktion: Ameloblastom (AB), adenomatoid odontogen tumör (AOT), ameloblastiskt fibrom (AF) och odontogent fibrom (OF) är odontogena tumörer som innehåller epiteliala komponenter. Frekvensen av recidiv hos dessa varierar från låg förekomst till relativt hög förekomst. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka om Ki-67, p53 och BRAF kan användas som prognostiska markörer i recidivmönstret hos dessa tumörer.Material och metod: Studien genomfördes genom immunohistokemi med monoklonala antikroppar av Ki-67, p53 och BRAF på respektive tumör. Tumörerna hämtades från avdelningen för Oral patologi på Malmö högskola. En statistisk analys utfördes med hjälp av Kruskal-Wallis envägs-ANOVA.Resultat: I de tio AB-fallen kunde en hög proliferation och en hög prevalens av muterade p53 ses. I de sju fallen av AOT kunde en måttligt hög proliferation och en generellt hög prevalens av muterade p53, jämförbara med värden för AB, ses. De sju fallen med AF och de fem fallen med OF visade båda en låg proliferation och en låg förekomst av muterade p53. Skillnaden mellan gruppen AB och AOT och gruppen AF och OF visade en signifikant högre infärgningsintensitet för både Ki-67 (p<0.001) och p53(p=0.001) för gruppen med AB och AOT.Konklusion: Proliferations index med Ki-67 och förekomst av p53-mutationer kan användas som en prognostisk markör för recidiv hos AB och AOT. Det är å andra sidan inte tillämpbart för AF och OF. / Introduction: Ameloblastoma (AB), adenomatoid odontogenic tumour (AOT), ameloblastic fibroma (AF) and odontogenic fibroma (OF) are all odontogenic tumours with an epithelial component. The recurrence rate for these odontogenic tumours varies from low frequencies to quite high frequencies. The aim of this study is to evaluate the expression of Ki-67, p53 and BRAF and the possibility of these antibodies acting as prognostic markers in the recurrence pattern of odontogenic tumours.Material and method: An immunohistochemical study using Ki67, p53 and BRAF monoclonal antibodies was performed on 29 paraffin blocks from the respective tumours obtained at the department of Oral Pathology in the Faculty of Odontology at Malmö University. Statistical analysis was performed with Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA.Results: In the series of ten AB cases high proliferation activity and a high prevalence of p53 mutations was observated. In the seven AOT cases a moderately high proliferative activity as well as a generally high prevalence of p53 mutation, comparable to AB, was observed. The seven cases of AF and the five cases of OF demonstrated a low proliferative activity and a low prevalence of p53 mutation. The difference between AB and AOT versus AF and OF as two separate groups, showed a significantly higher staining intensity for both Ki-67 (p < 0.001) and p53 (p = 0.001) in AB and AOT as a group.Conclusion: Ki-67 proliferation index and p53-mutation status can be considered to be a prognostic marker for AB and AOT recurrence. This is, however, not applicable to AF and OF. Immunohistochemical analysis p53 Ki-67 Ameloblastoma Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumour Ameloblastic Fibroma Odontogenic Fibroma Humans Epithelium Tumour therapy/resection Gene mutation Proliferation Recurrence Prognostic marker Medical and Health Sciences Medicin och hälsovetenskap
35	Molekulárně genetická analýza chromozomální oblasti 8q24 u pacientů s trichorhinofalangeálním syndromem nebo izolovanými exostózami / Molecular genetic analysis of chromosomal region 8q24 in patients with trichorhinophalangeal syndrome or isolated exostosis Klugerová, Michaela January 2015 (has links) Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome is a malformation syndrome characterized by craniofacial and skeletal abnormalities and is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. We distinguish free subtypes on clinical and molecular level - TRPS I, TRPS II, TRPS III. All TRPS patients have sparse hair, a pear-shaped nose, a long flat philtrum, a thin upper lip and protruding ears. Skeletal abnormalities include cone-shaped epiphyses at the phalanges, hip malformations and short stature are present. The subgroups TRPS I and TRPS III are result of the mutated TRPS1 gene, which is maped into the 8q24 region. This gene is situated proximal of the EXT1 gene, both genes are affected in a subgroup of patients with TRPS II. These patients suffer more from multiple (cartilaginous) exostoses and mental retardation. In this work we performed molecular genetic analysis of a sample of 16 patients, 8 probands showed a TRPS phenotype and 8 probands had only isolated exostoses. The peripheral venous blood of patients was used to gain purified DNA, which was subsequently used to investigate the chromosome 8q24 region using MLPA ("multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification"). This analysis revealed a deletion in 1 TRPS patient and 1 patient with exostoses. Sequencing of the TRPS1 gene coding exons in remaining 7 TRPS...
36	Chapter 1: In Search of Innate Leadership : Discovering, Evaluating and Understanding Innateness Morra, Erica, Zenker, Lisa January 2014 (has links) Every individual is born with different natural competencies that can be honed by both voluntary and involuntary environmental stimuli. The response our genotype decides to make, if any, towards those stimuli, determines how well our competencies develop. Each person’s coding and variations of genes will result in unique qualities in their phenotype, or physical structure. As a result, a person has various traits that are displayed through their behavior. DNA is genetically shown to express itself through traits by up to 75%. This leaves a sort of buffer of around 25%. This region is available for us to adapt to our environmental stimuli. Your innate qualities will not reach their full potential without stimulation from the environment, in a leadership case, with education and training and therefore it can be argued that environmental exposure is necessary to fully expose the potentials and capabilities of an individual, rather than instill a new skill or develop a talent that was not existent before. Innate leadership is not a permanent state, on the contrary, it is a continuously adaptive situation demanding contextual evolutionary changes or resignation from the subject occupying the role. When the needs and demands of a society or era outweigh the relevance of the innate leaders' traits and competencies, an evolution of leadership is needed to maintain a positive relationship between all parties involved. As a result, the innate leader will begin to lose their innateness in their role and unless they evolve and adapt (because the two actions are not the same) to new contextual needs, their tenure as leader will begin to be detrimental and counter-functional. What we want to put forward is a real, universal and constructive understanding of what makes a human happy, motivated and productive and how an innate person in context is a much better solution in the short and long run, for those around them when put to a task. genetic inheritability gene expression genetic determination gene mutation case study innatism traits leadership behaviour brain development brain function neural pathway neural coding SNP variation connectomics genomics heritability leadership theory DNA competencies environment education behavioural psychology genetics trait theory nature vs nurture dopamine neurotransmitters polygenetic traits Google Hitler personality innate leadership Morra Zenker
37	Echocardiography for the noninvasive study of the pulmonary circulation: applications to the study of right ventricular effects of targeted therapies of pulmonary hypertension, limiting factors to exercise capacity, and detection of early pulmonary vascular disease in healthy subjects / Apport de l'échocardiographie dans l'étude non invasive de la circulation pulmonaire: (1) étude pharmacologique, (2) étude des facteurs limitant l'aptitude aérobie, (3) étude sur l'identification de l'hypertension artérielle pulmonaire latente Pavelescu, Adriana 08 October 2012 (has links) Ce travail a été consacré à l’étude non invasive de la circulation pulmonaire normale par mise en œuvre de l’échocardiographie Doppler. <p>En intégrant les mesures obtenues dans une approche physiopathologique, et en exploitant les nouvelles possibilités d’échocardiographes portables, techniquement performants, nous avons analysé les effets d’un inhibiteur de la phosphodiestérase-5 et d’une prostacycline, pour tenter d’en identifier d’éventuels effets introtropes intrinsèques, nous avons exploré le concept de réserve vasculaire pulmonaire comme facteur limitant de l’aptitude aérobie et indice potentiel d’une atteinte vasculaire pulmonaire précoce, et obtenu des résultats préliminaires permettant d’identifier une hypertension artérielle pulmonaire (HTAP) latente. Nos principaux résultats peuvent être résumés comme suit :<p>1. Chez le sujet sain, en normoxie ou dans un modèle expérimental d’HTAP induite par l’inhalation d’un mélange gazeux hypoxique, le sildenafil per os ou l’epoprostenol par voie intraveineuse, à des doses utilisées en clinique pour le traitement de l’HTAP, améliorent les indices de la fonction ventriculaire droite en proportion de leurs effets vasodilatatoires pulmonaires, sans effets inotropes intrinsèques détectables.<p>2. La consommation d’oxygène maximale du sujet sain augmente en raison directe de son volume capillaire pulmonaire (calculé à partir de sa capacité de diffusion pour l’oxyde nitrique et le monoxyde de carbone) et en raison inverse de sa résistance vasculaire pulmonaire, non seulement en altitude, mais aussi au niveau de la mer. Ce résultat suggère qu’une plus grande réserve vasculaire pulmonaire est propice aux efforts aérobiques intenses, probablement par moindre postcharge ventriculaire droite.<p>3. Des mesures réalisées chez un petit nombre de sujets suggèrent que la distensibilité vasculaire pulmonaire, calculée à partir d’une relation débit-pression vasculaire pulmonaire, est typiquement réduite chez des porteurs asymptomatiques de la mutation BMPR2, qui est actuellement le facteur de risque le plus élevé connu de l’HTAP. La mutation BMPR2 pourrait aussi être associée à une réactivité vasculaire pulmonaire accrue à l’hypoxie. <p>Nos résultats suggèrent indirectement que l’échocardiographie Doppler, de repos ou de stress, pourrait être davantage développée dans la mise au point de patients à risque d’HTAP./<p><p>Novel advances in echocardiography offer the opportunity to reliably characterize pulmonary circulation in terms of pressure-flow relationship, and to better understand the coupling of right ventricular (RV) function with normal and abnormal pulmonary hemodynamics. Moreover, when combined with the measurement of pulmonary capillary blood volume, this renewed methodological approach may help to understand the concept of pulmonary vascular reserve as a limiting factor of exercise capacity and potential sensitive marker of early vascular disease.<p><p>In the present work we used a model of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction to analyse the effects of two targeted therapies of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) on the RV function. We showed that the beneficial effects of these drugs are mainly driven by a decrease in RV afterload and not an enhanced myocardial inotropic state. Whether this is transposable to abnormal RV-arterial coupling in PAH patients remains to be investigated.<p><p>Echocardiography may be useful to explore the pulmonary vascular reserve as an important limiting factor of exercise capacity. We showed that a higher pulmonary vascular reserve, defined by a decreased PVR and increased lung diffusing capacity, allows for an improved aerobic exercise capacity (as assessed by a higher peak oxygen consumption), at a lower ventilatory cost, at sea level and at high altitude. <p><p>Stress echocardiography may detect an abnormal pulmonary vasoreactivity. We showed that asymptomatic relatives of patients suffering from idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension, and who carry a bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 mutation (BMPR2) present with a decreased pulmonary vascular distensibility and an enhanced pulmonary vasoreactivity to hypoxia, which are identifiable by echocardiography examination. However, the predictive value of these findings is not known. <p><p>Thus echocardiography may represent, in experienced and dedicated hands, a noninvasive, safe, widely available, applicable at the bed-side as well as in extreme environment (e.g. high altitudes), less expensive alternative for the evaluation of the pulmonary circulation, either by the interrogation of pressure-flow relationship (stress echocardiography), by the investigation of the right ventricle global and regional function in relation to its afterload (standard and Tissue Doppler Imaging), or by a combined approach with the measurement of lung diffusing capacity (DLNO / DLCO) to assess the pulmonary vascular reserve.<p><p>The present data are encouraging for further development and implementation of echocardiography for the detection, but also the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with pulmonary hypertension.<p><p> / Doctorat en Sciences médicales / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished Médecine pathologie humaine Respiratory organs -- Physiology Pulmonary circulation Lungs -- Blood-vessels Pulmonary hypertension Doppler echocardiography Appareil respiratoire -- Physiologie Circulation pulmonaire Poumons -- Vaisseaux sanguins Hypertension pulmonaire Doppler, Echocardiographie capacité de diffusion pulmonaire distensibilité vasculaire pulmonaire vasoconstriction pulmonaire hypoxique epoprostenol pulmonary vascular distensibility hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction lung diffusion capacity sildenafil BMPR2 gene mutation high altitude / Epoprostenol sildénafil hautes altitudes couplage ventriculo-artériel pulmonaire mutation génétique BMPR2
38	Jesus Christ’s humanity in the contexts of the pre-fall and post-fall natures of humanity: a comparative and critical evaluative study of the views of Jack Sequeira, Millard J. Erickson and Norman R. Gulley Mwale, Emanuel 12 1900 (has links) Bibliography: leaves 653-669 / Before God created human beings, He devised a plan to save them in case they sinned. In this plan, the second Person of the Godhead would become human. Thus, the incarnation of the second Person of the Godhead was solely for the purpose of saving fallen, sinful human beings. There would have been no incarnation if human beings had not sinned. Thus, the nature of the mission that necessitated the incarnation determined what kind of human nature Jesus was to assume. It was sin that necessitated the incarnation – sin as a tendency and sin as an act of disobedience. In His incarnational life and later through His death on Calvary’s cross, Jesus needed to deal with this dual problem of sin. In order for Him to achieve this, He needed to identify Himself with the fallen humanity in such a way that He would qualify to be the substitute for the fallen humanity. In His role as fallen humanity’s substitute, He would die vicariously and at the same time have sin as a tendency rendered impotent. Jesus needed to assume a human nature that would qualify Him to be an understanding and sympathetic High Priest. He needed to assume a nature that would qualify Him to be an example in overcoming temptation and suffering. Thus, in this study, after comparing and critically evaluating the Christological views of Jack Sequeira, Millard J. Erickson and Norman R. Gulley, I propose that Jesus assumed a unique post-fall (postlapsarian) human nature. He assumed the very nature that all human beings since humankind’s fall have, with its tendency or leaning towards sin. However, unlike other human beings, who are sinners by nature and need a saviour, Jesus was not a sinner. I contend that Jesus was unique because, first and foremost, He was conceived in Mary’s womb by the power of the Holy Spirit and was filled with the Holy Spirit throughout His earthly life. Second; He was the God-Man; and third, He lived a sinless life. This study contributes to literature on Christology, and uniquely to Christological dialogue between Evangelical and Seventh-day Adventist theologians. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / D. Phil. (Systematic Theology) Adoptionism Alleles Anhypostatic Christology Anthropotokos Alternative Christology Apollinarianism Apthartodocetism Arianism Augustinian model Autosomal chromosomes Autosomal inheritance Born-again Christology Chalcedonian creed Christology from above Christotokos Chromosomes Chromosomal abnormalities Cloning Co-dominance Communicatio idiomatum Complementary base pairing Cri-du-chat syndrome Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) Diploid cell Docetism Dominant gene Down syndrome Dynamic incarnation Dynamic monarchianism Eastern Orthodox Christology Ebionitism Embryogenesis Eutychianism Evangelical Christology Existential Christology Functional Christology Genes Gene mutation Gene expression Genome Genotype Gnosticism Hamartiology Haploid cell Heterozygous History of Jesus’ Christology Homoiousios Theology Homozygous Human cloning Immaculate conception Incarnation Incarnational life Inheritance Karyotype Kenoticism Klinefelter syndrome Logos-flesh Christology Meiosis Mitosis Modalistic monarchianism Monarchianism Monophysitism Mutation Nestorianism Nicene Creed One-nature Christology Ontological Christology Organogenesis Patripassianism Phenotype Polygenic inheritance Post lapsarian view/model Prelapsarian view/model Recessive gene Roman Catholic Christology Sabellianism Seventh-day Adventist Christology Sex chromosomes Sex-linked inheritance Speculative Christology Theotokos Turner syndrome Two-natures Christology Unique post-fall Christology Socinianism Soteriology Theotokos Turner syndrome Two-natures Christology Unique post-fall Christology Virginal conception 231.4 Seventh-Day Adventists -- Doctrines Salvation -- Seventh-Day Adventists Fall of man -- History of doctrines Jesus Christ -- History of doctrines Sequerra, Jack Erickson, Millard J. Gulley, Norman R.

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