Submisson of my project is identification with background ASP.NET and realization program for creating ASP pages based on database structure. I began with my study from Microsoft .NET Framework, which provides all tools and technologies for creating .NET aplications. I described features a structure ASP.NET. I followed also, for my project, very important tool ADO.NET, which contains rich group of functions for manipulation with lot of date types. In text I also described object model of this tool. One of parts is about very important ObjectDataSource class. Next part of my project is devote to SQL database and tools for managing and manipulation. One chapters is devote to System register, which serve for database description. Next is described some of realization this type of program. My work is finished by description of my program. Here are aplications of mentioned technologies, which together forms web aplication and her output is web page for data presentation.

O Método da Coordenada Geradora Hartree-Fock Polinomial (pMCG-HF), desenvolvido por R.C. Barbosa e A.B.F. da Silva [1], é uma ferramenta matemática valiosa que permite gerar funções de base (também conhecidas como conjuntos de base). As funções de base geradas por este método têm um bom comportamento e são capazes de calcular valores precisos de propriedades eletrônicas moleculares. Porém, depois de gerar funções de base do hidrogênio até o flúor [2], fez-se necessário a adição de expoentes à função de base, correspondentes a cada átomo, para melhor adaptação à realização dos cálculos moleculares. Estas funções adicionais são o que chamamos de funções de polarização. A adição de funções de polarização, através de otimização computacional, é muito custosa, deste modo o desenvolvimento de uma regra de polarização para se esquivar desta otimização é de grande importância e por isso se transforma na beleza e no objetivo deste trabalho. Portanto, nesta dissertação, estudar-se-á um procedimento para escolher funções de polarização que reduza drasticamente o tempo computacional, no sentido de permitir uma seleção, mais simples, de expoentes da própria função de base primitiva para serem usadas nas funções de polarização p, d, f, g, etc. para a obtenção de propriedades moleculares calculadas através de métodos químico-quânticos / The polynomial generate coordinate method pGCM developed by R.C. Barbosa and A.B.F. da Silva [1] is an remarkble mathematic tool for the generation of basis functions (also known as basis sets). The basis sets generated from this method have a good behavior and are able to produce accurate values for electronic molecular properties. In fact, after generating a basis set [2] we need to add a set of exponent functions in order to better adequate a basis set to perform molecular calculations. These sets of additional functions are called polarizations functions. This work provides a methodology where the polarization functions are obtained from the initial basis set (the primitive set) without optimizing them separately by using optimization algorithms that are, computationally speaking, very costly. This procedure reduces drastically the computational time used to find polarization functions to be used in molecular quantum chemical calculations. Our methodology permits to choose the polarization functions directly from the primitive orbital exponents of each atomic symmetry s, p, d, f etc. in a very simple manner. The finding of polarization functions using our methodology was performed with several quantum chemical methods.

Yra daugybė įvairiausių tipų mokslinių tiriamųjų darbų, vienas iš jų būtų magistro baigiamasis darbas. Šio darbo metu magistrantams reikia atlikti įvairius tyrimus, visapusiškai išnagrinėti savo pasirinktą temą, pasiūlyti problemos sprendimą, atlikti eksperimentą, kurio metu bus nagrinėjamas siūlomo sprendimo efektyvumas. Visus šių tyrimų rezultatus magistrantams reikia aprašyti. Magistro baigiamojo darbo aprašo rengimas studentams yra vienas iš sudėtingesnių uždavinių. Kaip ir visiems moksliniams tiriamiesiems darbams, jiems keliami tam tikri specifiniai reikalavimai. Daugelis studentų su tokio pobūdžio darbu susiduria pirmą kartą. Jiems tenka spręsti ne tik pasirinktos tyrimo srities problemas, bet ir tinkamai aprašyti atliktą tyrimą ir jo sprendimus. Vien bendrųjų metodinių nurodymų darbo aprašo rengimui studentui nepakanka, nes darbo aprašo turinys labai priklauso nuo darbo temos. Kadangi Informacinių sistemų inžinerijos srities temų įvairovė yra labai didelė, studentams yra sunku sudėlioti tinkamą darbo aprašo turinį, remiantis vien bendraisiais metodiniais nurodymais. Pasirinkto magistrinio darbo tikslas yra sudaryti geresnes sąlygas studentui rengti mokslinio tiriamojo darbo aprašą ir gerinti jo kokybę, sukuriant programų sistemą, kuri pasiūlytų aprašo karkasą, keletą šablonų jam užpildyti ir sugeneruotų aprašo eskizą. / There are a lot of research document types, and one of them is the master’s degree research document. When the student is doing his master’s degree document, he has to do a lot of research, search for a problem and provide the solution for that problem. Also he has to do an experiment for his thesis. All of the results and how it was achieved has to be written in the research document. Masters research document preparation is one of the more difficult tasks for the students. Like all of the research papers, there are certain specific requirements for each type. Also the structure depends for which semester the document is prepared for. Most of the students find that this is their first experience writing these kinds of documents. The common structure guidelines for the documents are not enough, because the content of the documents are very tightly linked to the student’s thesis, and its parameters: object, area, problem, solution. Because there are a lot of different theses in the information engineering area, it is hard for the students to create the primary research paper structure and content, only relying on the common guidelines given by the lecturers. Our proposed solution – a system, which would suggest a document structure and generate the research document primary version, provide comments, template phrases for specific sections of the document, e.g. writing the conclusion. Also the system will try to speed up the writing process, by providing with additional tools... [to full text]

O Método da Coordenada Geradora Hartree-Fock Polinomial (pMCG-HF), desenvolvido por R.C. Barbosa e A.B.F. da Silva [1], é uma ferramenta matemática valiosa que permite gerar funções de base (também conhecidas como conjuntos de base). As funções de base geradas por este método têm um bom comportamento e são capazes de calcular valores precisos de propriedades eletrônicas moleculares. Porém, depois de gerar funções de base do hidrogênio até o flúor [2], fez-se necessário a adição de expoentes à função de base, correspondentes a cada átomo, para melhor adaptação à realização dos cálculos moleculares. Estas funções adicionais são o que chamamos de funções de polarização. A adição de funções de polarização, através de otimização computacional, é muito custosa, deste modo o desenvolvimento de uma regra de polarização para se esquivar desta otimização é de grande importância e por isso se transforma na beleza e no objetivo deste trabalho. Portanto, nesta dissertação, estudar-se-á um procedimento para escolher funções de polarização que reduza drasticamente o tempo computacional, no sentido de permitir uma seleção, mais simples, de expoentes da própria função de base primitiva para serem usadas nas funções de polarização p, d, f, g, etc. para a obtenção de propriedades moleculares calculadas através de métodos químico-quânticos / The polynomial generate coordinate method pGCM developed by R.C. Barbosa and A.B.F. da Silva [1] is an remarkble mathematic tool for the generation of basis functions (also known as basis sets). The basis sets generated from this method have a good behavior and are able to produce accurate values for electronic molecular properties. In fact, after generating a basis set [2] we need to add a set of exponent functions in order to better adequate a basis set to perform molecular calculations. These sets of additional functions are called polarizations functions. This work provides a methodology where the polarization functions are obtained from the initial basis set (the primitive set) without optimizing them separately by using optimization algorithms that are, computationally speaking, very costly. This procedure reduces drastically the computational time used to find polarization functions to be used in molecular quantum chemical calculations. Our methodology permits to choose the polarization functions directly from the primitive orbital exponents of each atomic symmetry s, p, d, f etc. in a very simple manner. The finding of polarization functions using our methodology was performed with several quantum chemical methods.

Science has been perceived as difficult to learn because of its nature and the methods by which it is usually taught. Most first-year science students entering higher education in South Africa today come from disadvantaged teaching and learning backgrounds. These students bring different “knowledge, skills or abilities” into the learning process. This knowledge, referred to as prior knowledge – or what the student already knows – is the single most important factor influencing learning (Ausubel, 1968). It is on the basis of this influence of prior knowledge on learning that the focus in this study is on understanding its manifestation in learning. Prior knowledge has both facilitating and inhibiting effects in learning. However, the focus in this study was only on inhibiting effects of prior knowledge on learning. To better understand prior knowledge qualitative methods (interview, observation, document review and the prior knowledge state test) were used. The aim was to specifically establish how students used their understanding of selected acid-base concepts and processes to construct understanding and to generate meaning of new concepts and/or knowledge. The study managed to highlight important aspects of the quality of prior knowledge and their manifestation in learning. The findings generally indicated that: <ul> <li>The quality of the knowledge that students possessed was in most instances incomplete. That is, in their description of concepts, students preferred to use summary and informal descriptions without understanding the meaning of the concepts they were describing.</li> <li> The quality of knowledge (e.g. incomplete knowledge) affected their ability to construct understanding and/or generate meaning as this knowledge was insufficient to access for the construction of scientifically valid meanings of concepts.</li> <li>The quality of students’ knowledge impeded their ability to reflect and/or to be aware of the knowledge they possessed. This made it difficult for students to access knowledge and to restructure it in order to construct new knowledge or prevent errors in their learning.</li> </ul> The study culminated in the development of a framework that may in future be used to assess prior knowledge and enhance meaningful teaching and learning based on the quality of students’ prior knowledge. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Curriculum Studies / unrestricted

This master's thesis describes the analysis, design and implementation of an application for automatic generation of UML class diagram. Application is designed as a web service, which provides remote access, especially permanent actuality of generated class diagram. Input of the service is a compiled application written for C# .NET or Java platform. The reader is acquainted with basics of reverse engineering of mentioned platforms and with structure of UML class diagram. Then are these knowledge applied in design and implementation of the service. The main goal is to facilitate and accelerate the activities of software development team members.

In this current economical environment business are looking to become more efficient to lower the costs and provide a better service. New technological advances are quickly being integrated to automate or more rapidly perform the task. Most of these technological advances are in the field of information and communication technology (ICT). Nevertheless, the introduction of technologies is not enough, as better management strategies and organization structures are needed to develop the business further. Duroc Machine Tools identified a problem within the sales and service approach, which does not employ ICT tools while communicating with the customer. Therefore, the cost per order is high and a direct one to one communication is the only approach. The project focuses on lowering the cost of each order, without decreasing the customer care and the overall quality of the service. This was firstly done by studying the possibilities of what ICT tools would be applied to enhance the communication processes. Data was collected from statistical sources to give an overall idea. Next case studies of companies within similar industries and region were performed to indicate in more detail the tools used and available. An educated guess was formulated of what ICT tools should be considered, the more infrequent or conflicting ICTs recommended were verified by interviewing employees with a demonstration of the tools application. The second stage was to analyze the organizational structure and applying lean tools to add value to the customer. A customer perspective is at the centre of this theory and several tools were used to improve the system. Finally the ICT tools were integrated with the new organizational structure to demonstrate the developments possibilities in the future vision. The study found that common ICT functions such as information upload have become essential for doing business today. Another trend that was established is that live information or user-generated approach which is a must have factor in the future ICT platform, this was mostly suggested by introducing micro-blogs. The infrequent and conflicting ICTs within the industry that were recommended were: e-commerce, order management and model driven process solving (MDP). The verification showed a strong consent within the company to apply such tools. To finish the project a strategy of implementation was formulated to guide the company towards its vision of a better system.

This paper presents an approach to operate multi-objective self-optimizing software systems based on the models@run.time paradigm. In contrast to existing approaches, which are usually specific to a single or selected set of objectives (e.g., performance and/or reliability), the presented approach is generic in that it allows the software architect to model the relevant concerns of interest to self-optimization. At runtime, these models are interpreted and used to generate optimization problems. To evaluate the applicability of the approach, a scalability analysis is provided, showing the approach’s feasibility for at least two objectives.

本研究透過三個台灣大型MNCs(集團企業)的深度訪談，期望了解集團成員入如何產生與移轉特定地主國知識的議題。台灣MNCs(集團企業)在國際化時，地主國環境不同於母國，使得台灣MNCs(集團企業)海外成員不足以利用其擁有的經驗與知識去因應環境差異所產生的挑戰與問題，而需要產生新的解決辦法。台灣MNCs(集團企業)海外成員所在地之經營環境與母國環境有差異時，其處理方式有二：規劃性(定期會議處理各階段所面臨之問題)及隨機性(臨時會議對於臨時狀況進行處理)；另外，在地主國發生的突發事件亦會產生地主國知識。當集團海外成員所面臨之經營環境與母國環境差異越大者，所產生特定地主國知識的量會越多。 透過每次在該地主國設廠及執行每一次新產品發展流程的經驗過程中各階段中因為與地主國環境介面互動而產生特定地主國知識，所以台灣MNCs(集團企業)是以漸進方式累積集團成員在特定地主國面對問題解決問題的方法。當遇到問題越多時，台灣MNCs(集團企業)海外子公司特定地主國知識累積速度越快；但每種特定地主國問題的解決方法是需要各階段多方人員不斷地溝通才能產生的，所以當內外部溝通成本越高時，會減緩海外成員累積特定地主國知識累積速度；為了加快累積特定地主國知識，台灣MNCs(集團企業)大量借助資訊科技及人員面對面溝通，期望加速溝通效率以因應快速變動的環境。 在同一地主國，透過三個台灣大型MNCs(集團企業)的深度訪談發現，台灣MNCs(集團企業)在特定地主國知識移轉機制路徑有三，且在探究過程中發現海外總部(OHQs)的存在，所以進一步探討，在特定地主國中，集團成員間移轉地主國知識時，海外總部(OHQs)所扮演的角色及其存在的價值；在取得這個知識的過程中，有哪些因素會影響移轉機制中正式化機制與非正式化機制使用比例？知識移轉時，正式化機制與非正式化機制之間是一個連續帶的概念，而影響集團成員間知識移轉機制選用時，正式化與非正式化機制搭配比例的影響因素包含：知識特性、子公司自主性、知識情境鑲嵌性、經營模式(產品相似性、技術差距性)以及地理距離。 台灣MNCs(集團企業)在知識移轉制度建立初期，較仰賴非正式化機制，隨著制度建立完備程度增加，正式化機制使用的比重提高，但是非正式化機制對於知識移轉機制的效力仍然存在於中高階主管層級，對於基層主管及員工而言，則會完全仰賴正式化機制，以確保自身工作上的權責釐清。台灣MNCs(集團企業)進行國際擴張時，海外成員初期國際化知識是從MNCs總部遺傳而來。台灣MNCs(集團企業)海外成員間特定地主國知識移轉路徑有三：1)透過集團總部(HQs)移轉、2)子公司間移轉及3)透過集團海外總部(OHQs)。本研究認為當台灣MNCs(集團企業)總部在特定地主國設立集團海外總部(OHQs)後，集團海外總部(OHQs)在特定地主國知識移轉上會取代集團企業總部的角色(意即地主國知識移轉時，路徑三會取代路徑一)。 台灣MNCs(集團企業)國際策略在大陸拓展的廣度(各個集團成員(產品不同)赴大陸投資)及深度(負責新產品發展流程階段越多)增加，使總部須處理的專業知識涵蓋範圍廣且處理資料量大，對於位於台灣的MNCs(集團企業)總部而言，處理資訊成本是很高的；再者，集團在大陸據點越多，對於總部監督成本上亦是很大的負擔，所以在大陸設立海外總部(OHQs)，以與集團總部進行某種程度的分工；同時，當世界各地子公司均需將地主國知識回傳至台灣MNCs(集團企業)總部時，台灣MNCs(集團企業)總部即將面臨很複雜的處理及整合成本，所以海外總部(OHQs)有存在的必要。台灣MNCs(集團企業)設置的海外總部(OHQs)所進行的交流、整理及儲存的資訊較複雜和多元化，其設立目的包含：降低監督成本、降低整合成本、降低協調成本、降低知識移轉過程中由於資訊不對稱所產生的無效率情形。集團海外總部(OHQs)亦促進地主國集團成員間知識快速流通，且將知識從母國或其它地主國之集團成員處引入，也就是大量的知識流入與流出的主要樞紐。當集團型態是屬於聯邦分權式時，集團海外總部(OHQs)的設立是有困難的。集團海外總部(OHQs)可能設立在主要市場地理居中位置、交通便捷之處或離知識最接近的地方，以降低「集團」海外成員開會時的交通成本。 集團海外總部(OHQs)是在集團總部(HQs)監控下創造出其在特定地主國知識移轉扮演的角色獨特性及存在必要性，為避免集團海外總部(OHQs)憑藉結構洞角色壟斷所有特定地主國知識，進而取代集團總部(HQs)，集團總部(HQs)透過其與集團海外成員間稽核性連結及其對集團海外總部(OHQs)的正式控制(包含所有權控制及組織層級控制)來防堵集團海外總部(OHQs)坐大，以有效管理集團海外總部(OHQs)。 正式機制與非正式機制間是一個連續帶的概念。然而，在移轉過程中，哪些因素會影響到正式與非正式機制搭配的比例呢？ 當海外成員自主性高時，採用正式化機制強迫集團海外成員間進行知識分享，亦搭配非正式化機制的社會互動，來緩和彼此間因競爭所產生不願意分享的情形；當知識的情境鑲嵌性程度越高，越需要使用非正式機制來縮小正式機制中知識再利用的可能性；當產品相似性很高，知識來源者與接收者若能搭配少部分(短時間、次數少)的人員互動，便能加快知識再利用的速度；當技術越接近時，知識需求方較可準確地預估需求單上的要項，雙方技術差距越大，越需要仰賴非正式關係使知識來源者願意「多」花時間來教導知識接收者；當集團成員地理距離愈遠時，透過正式化機制，如海外總部(OHQs)進行地主國資料蒐集以避免資訊不對稱造成的知識移轉障礙，以克服因為地理距離所產生的知識移轉障礙。 / Knowledge about host countries and international environment is needed when firms enter international markets. A firm encounters more challenges when it enters a new market with no knowledge. After entry, it then can gain valuable experiential knowledge about the host country (i.e., host-country-specific knowledge) and this knowledge is helpful for further operation in the country and internationalization (Yu, 1990). A firm can gain hands-on knowledge by operating in a host market and then it can filter the information gained into forms it needs for internationalization later on. The purpose of the study addresses host-country-specific-knowledge generating and accumulating by overseas member firms in business groups by identifying factors that affect how business groups from an emerging economy transfer host-country-specific knowledge among their group members. We have found that formal and informal mechanisms were helpful in facilitating the transferring of host-country-specific knowledge. In the literature, it is often assumed that knowledge can be easily and automatically transferred within business groups. Our study confirms that business groups do transfer knowledge among subsidiaries purposely and has also demonstrated that some mechanisms are needed to realize this intent. While the business group’s network provides a platform for facilitating flows of host-country-specific knowledge, the mere existence of such a network does not automatically result in knowledge transfer. From managerial viewpoint, both formal and informal mechanisms should be in place to promote and encourage host-country-specific knowledge transfer. Gaining a good understanding of the mechanisms contributing to knowledge transfer is strategically important for knowledge management. Regarding the use of mechanisms, our results indicate that the buildup of internationalization knowledge can go along with a firm’s development in foreign markets and also can allow for accumulation of various types of knowledge. The more significant the difference between the contexts encountered by foreign subsidiaries and headquarters is, the more the quantity of knowledge the former will create regarding the host country. When foreign subsidiaries encounter similar problems within a tight time frame in a host country, the accumulation of knowledge about the host country will be faster. In the early stages, setting up knowledge transferring system relies more on informal mechanisms. The more mature the system is, the higher the proportion of formal mechanisms is used. However, although informal mechanisms are effective for chief executive officers and senior vice presidents, primary executives and operators rely solely on formal mechanisms in order to clarify responsibilities. With more important strategic position of the host country, the headquarters will establish overseas headquarters in order to quickly respond to the market requirements. In a specific host country, overseas headquarters, established by the HQs, may substitute for the headquarters in transferring host country-specific knowledge among member firms via formal mechanisms. When a business group belongs to federal decentralization, external market mechanisms will be adopted to transfer knowledge among its member firms. The overseas headquarters hardly governs transferring knowledge among overseas member firms and the headquarters. When the overseas headquarters is established, the headquarters adopts auditing connection to prevent the host country from monopolizing host-country-specific knowledge. A headquarters can successfully implement multiple formal and informal mechanisms for knowledge transfer. With respect to knowledge transfer, the higher the level of subsidiary autonomy, the greater the necessity the headquarters rely on formal mechanisms to transfer host-country-specific knowledge among member firms. Encouraging sharing within a business group through some managerial mechanisms can wear down the negative influence caused by opportunism and information asymmetry on the part of the subsidiary and the inter-member competition for the transfer of host-country-specific knowledge. Overseas headquarters accumulates a vast experience and are capable of absorbing, transferring and applying knowledge adequately. They can transcend the geographical limitations and establish good cooperation relations between knowledge originator (the subsidiaries in the host country) and knowledge receiver (other sister firms and the headquarters), warranting the success of the knowledge transfer. Provided that knowledge is tacit, information technology is necessity in transferring knowledge initially documented while social interaction is needed in transferring the rest knowledge embedded in persons. Finally, product and technology similarity are factors affecting how headquarters rely on formal mechanisms in transferring knowledge among member firms.

Nous présentons une approche alternative aux diagonalisations exactes de calculs en modèles en couches pour l'étude microscopique de la structure nucléaire. Nous avons tout d'abord minimisé l'énergie totale du système par la résolution des équations Hartree-Fock dans la base définie par l'espace de valence du modèle en couches. Nous avons finalisé la mise au point de ce programme par comparaison des résultats avec les solutions de problèmes solubles analytiquement comme ceux d'un hamiltonien SU(3) ou par comparaison avec des diagonalisations exactes du modèle en couches. Ensuite, nous avons mis au point des procédures pour l'obtention de ces mêmes calculs avec contraintes pour une description complète de la surface d'énergie potentielle d'un noyau donné en fonction des degrés de liberté Q20 et Q22. La restauration du moment angulaire par méthode de projections a permis d'obtenir les spectres des noyaux rotationnels dans le cas axial et dans le cas triaxial. Enfin, la méthode des coordonnées génératrices a permis le mélange de ces déterminants de Slater non orthogonaux. Parmi les différentes applications, nous avons pu décrire les noyaux déformés le long de la ligne N=Z autour du80Zr ou un nouvel îlot d'inversion à N=50. / We present an alternative approach to shell diagonalizations for microscopic description of nuclear structure. First we minimized the total system energy solving the Hartree-Fock equations within the shell model valence space. The results are compared with exact shell model diagonalization and an exact soluble SU(3) hamiltonian. Then, we developed procedures to obtain the same of type calculations with constrained conditions on the quadrupole degrees of freedom to obtain the full potential energy surfaces. The angular momentum restauration was obtained through projection method to generate rotionnal spectra of nuclei in both axial and triaxial cases. Finally the generate coordinate method was applied to mix several of these non-orthogonal Slater determinants. Among several applications we managed to describe deformed nuclei along the N=Z line around 80Zr or a new island of deformation at N=50. Finally, a first application in the superheavy region predicts a spherical gap for the Z=114, N=184 isotope