The purpose of this thesis is to investigate how to decrease lead-times of conventionally manufactured prototypes of tools and fixtures. Which could lead to increased knowledge of how an operations site within the automotive industry could utilize additive manufacturing when producing company specific prototypes of tools and fixtures.  The research approach applied in this case study combines a literature review to systematically find relevant literature aligned with the research topic of additive manufacturing or 3D printing related to lead-time reduction and generative design terms. With the help of interviews and observations profound knowledge was gained as preparation before continuing the research. Thereafter, a pre-study was conducted in order to further enhance the understanding of the industrial context of the two chosen fixtures (study objects). Rapid prototyping activities with additive manufacturing processes and technologies of experimentation character was conducted iteratively with both 3D CAD and 3D printing software and hardware. Analysis of the data was conducted through a comparison between lead-times of conventionally manufactured and 3D printed prototypes of the two chosen fixtures. Moreover, identifying potential effects with additive manufacturing of prototypes have with a SWOT analysis.  The case study found that additive manufacturing could significantly decrease lead-times when producing prototypes compared to conventional manufacturing. Furthermore, the results showed that the effects of additive manufacturing are plenty and rather complex due to the fact of this new way to manufacture prototypes. Therefore, the term design for additive manufacturing need first class priority if next steps were to be taken in the additive manufacturing field to enhance industrial and academic benefits.  The research on this subject is strongly constrained by the scarcity of empirical experience and, consequently, by the scarcity of available empirical data. Research publication on the topic are fruitful and plenty but their findings specified to their chosen study objects. This case study gives an up-to-date contribution to the topic of additive manufacturing with endless possibilities to reduce lead-time with rapid prototyping activities that utilizes additive manufacturing. Moreover, the research approach used in this thesis combines 3D CAD data through theoretical concepts and physical objects with additive manufacturing practice. Overall, the results can be used to improve academic research in the topic and promote discussion among different actors entering or within the additive manufacturing field.

This paper proposes a new ideation technique for how to ideate using sketching and a generative design system based prototype tool. The technique is aimed to support ideation through the exploration of design shape deviations. The tool generates 3D model artifacts with variations in their shapes. The overall shape and deviations are based on a design concept specified by the user of the tool. These design artifacts are then used as a means to rediscover one's own design concepts through the theory of estrangement. A study was conducted where university-level design students tested the technique in a scenario where they were tasked with ideating product design solutions. The performed study (along with post-study interviews) revealed promising results where participants of the study described their experiences as fun and interesting. The design outcomes of the study display how participants worked and iterated on their conceptual artifacts. They explored different and new angles of the design space relative to their concepts by using the generated design artifacts. This may suggest that this technique, using computer-generated concept deviations can be a successful way of supporting ideation by expanding on one's design concepts, rediscovering concepts, moving beyond obvious solutions and iterating design concepts.

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As video game designers focus on immersive interactive stories, the number of game object interactions grows exponentially. Most games use manually-programmed scripts to control object interactions, although automated techniques for generating scripts from high-level specifications are being introduced. For example, ScriptEase provides designers with generative patterns that inject commonly-occurring interactions into games. ScriptEase patterns generate scripts for the game Neverwinter Nights. A kind of generative pattern, the quest pattern, generates scripting code controlling the plot in story-based games. I present my additions to the quest pattern architecture (meta quest points and abandonable subquests), a catalogue of quest patterns, and the results of two studies measuring their effectiveness. These studies show that quest patterns are easy-to-use, substantially reduce plot scripting errors, and their catalogue is highly-reusable between games. These studies demonstrate ScriptEase generative quest patterns are a desirable alternative to manual plot scripting in commercial, story-based games.

Esta dissertação trata do apoio ergonomico durante atividades de conversa e leitura em bancos públicos quando o corpo assume variadas posturas. São estruturados parâmetros de projeto associados a dimensionamentos antropométricos relacionados a posturas observadas. Os parâmetros são incorporados à estratégia procedural para geração de formas utilizando modelo geométrico com regras de combinação. O procedimento é testado no software Rhinoceros (Grasshopper) gerando designs alternativos de bancos que, associados a parâmetros de desempenho ergonômico, são funcionalmente analisados. O sistema paramétrico formulado com as informações das posturas assumidas permitiu a estruturação de uma metodologia de projeto que otimiza as informações trazidas pelas observações de uso do objeto traduzindo-as simultaneamente, de forma automática, para o design do produto e para o processo de fabricação. / This dissertation is about ergonomic body support during activities of reading and conversation realized on public benches, when a variety of postures are assumed by users. Design parameters are structured associated to antropometric dimensions related to observed ergonomic postures. These parameters are incorpored to a procedural strategy for shape generation using a geometric model with combination rules. The procedure is tested in the software Rhinoceros (Grasshopper) allowing the generation of design options for benches that, associated to fitness ergonomic parameters, are functionally analyzed. The parametric system formulated with the information of postures adopted, enabled the construction of a design methodology that optimizes informations brought from observation of the object, relating it both, to the product design and fabrication process.

Esta dissertação trata do apoio ergonomico durante atividades de conversa e leitura em bancos públicos quando o corpo assume variadas posturas. São estruturados parâmetros de projeto associados a dimensionamentos antropométricos relacionados a posturas observadas. Os parâmetros são incorporados à estratégia procedural para geração de formas utilizando modelo geométrico com regras de combinação. O procedimento é testado no software Rhinoceros (Grasshopper) gerando designs alternativos de bancos que, associados a parâmetros de desempenho ergonômico, são funcionalmente analisados. O sistema paramétrico formulado com as informações das posturas assumidas permitiu a estruturação de uma metodologia de projeto que otimiza as informações trazidas pelas observações de uso do objeto traduzindo-as simultaneamente, de forma automática, para o design do produto e para o processo de fabricação. / This dissertation is about ergonomic body support during activities of reading and conversation realized on public benches, when a variety of postures are assumed by users. Design parameters are structured associated to antropometric dimensions related to observed ergonomic postures. These parameters are incorpored to a procedural strategy for shape generation using a geometric model with combination rules. The procedure is tested in the software Rhinoceros (Grasshopper) allowing the generation of design options for benches that, associated to fitness ergonomic parameters, are functionally analyzed. The parametric system formulated with the information of postures adopted, enabled the construction of a design methodology that optimizes informations brought from observation of the object, relating it both, to the product design and fabrication process.

Esta dissertação trata do apoio ergonomico durante atividades de conversa e leitura em bancos públicos quando o corpo assume variadas posturas. São estruturados parâmetros de projeto associados a dimensionamentos antropométricos relacionados a posturas observadas. Os parâmetros são incorporados à estratégia procedural para geração de formas utilizando modelo geométrico com regras de combinação. O procedimento é testado no software Rhinoceros (Grasshopper) gerando designs alternativos de bancos que, associados a parâmetros de desempenho ergonômico, são funcionalmente analisados. O sistema paramétrico formulado com as informações das posturas assumidas permitiu a estruturação de uma metodologia de projeto que otimiza as informações trazidas pelas observações de uso do objeto traduzindo-as simultaneamente, de forma automática, para o design do produto e para o processo de fabricação. / This dissertation is about ergonomic body support during activities of reading and conversation realized on public benches, when a variety of postures are assumed by users. Design parameters are structured associated to antropometric dimensions related to observed ergonomic postures. These parameters are incorpored to a procedural strategy for shape generation using a geometric model with combination rules. The procedure is tested in the software Rhinoceros (Grasshopper) allowing the generation of design options for benches that, associated to fitness ergonomic parameters, are functionally analyzed. The parametric system formulated with the information of postures adopted, enabled the construction of a design methodology that optimizes informations brought from observation of the object, relating it both, to the product design and fabrication process.

This thesis deals vith the design of welding torch holder using topology optimization and lattice structure. The objective of this thesis is gaining knowledge about topology optimization in different software and aplication of methods to that part. Conclusion of this thesis is about production design and economic evaluation.

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