Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-01-27Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:34:15Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 almeida_cim_me_botfca.pdf: 945601 bytes, checksum: 6435d3ea2562f66771326449a1fed1c5 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O presente trabalho objetivou coletar germoplasma sexuado (aquenios) de uma populacao de Lychnophora ericoides Mart, avaliar caracteristicas germinativas de seus aquenios e o efeito de doses de fosfato sobre o crescimento inicial e atividade in vivo da enzima fosfatase acida. A 2 L.erioides e uma especie medicinal brasileira com potencial farmacologico e vulneravel a extincao. Em 29 de maio de 2004 foi avaliada a populacao Paraiso Perdido na cidade de Sao Joao Batista do Gloria- MG. Durante a coleta, obteve-se as coordenadas geograficas por GPS (20º 37' 54 S e a 46º 19' 37 W a 833,6m de altitude), coletou-se germoplasma (aquenio (frutos secos indeiscentes)). O solo da populacao e litolico com fracao intemperizada de textura franco arenosa, muito acida, distrofica. A densidade populacional e de 0,16 individuos por m2 com 0,078 jovens por adulto. A fenofase predominante foi a frutificacao (100% dos individuos) seguida pela floracao (21,62 individuos). A porcentagem de germinacao dos frutos totais (PGT) foi de 0,33 % e dos frutos viaveis (PGV) foi de 21 % com numero medio de dias para germinacao (MD) de 40 l 5 dias apos o semeio. O indice de sincronismo da germinacao de (. bits) foi de .0,36. A L. ericoides foi classificada como planta de germinacao lenta (MD>10 dias). O experimento de efeito de doses de P2O5 (0; 40; 80; 160 mg dm-3) sobre mudas de L.ericoides foi realizado por 130 dias em casa de vegetacao em DIC com cinco repeticoes. A L.ericoides apresentou eficiencia em absorver o P com reflexo significativo na taxa de crescimento diario e producao de massa de materia seca com variacao nos indices de distribuicao de massa entre as partes da planta. A producao de massa de materia seca foliar foi linear com maximo na dose de 160 mg dm-3 de P2O5, contudo, a ditribuicao da massa de materia seca para 90 % da resposta maxima foi na dose de 101,15 mg dm-3 P2O5. A atividade da enzima... / The objetive of this work was collet achenes of one population of Lychnophora ericoides Mart., to evaluate germination of achenes and the efect of phosphorus levels in the initial 4 growth and in vivo activity of the acid phosphatase. The L. ericoides is brasilian medicinal specie with pharmacology potential aplication, and is vulnerable to extinction. In May 29 of 2004 was evaluated Paraiso Perdido population of Sao Joao Batista do Gloria city-MG (20ØX 37LOE 54L S; 46o 19LOE 37 W; 833 meter of altitude). The soil of this population is litolic with texture sandy, acid and distrofic. The population density is 0,16 plant per square meter, and 0,078 young plant/adult plants. The predominante fenology phase was frutification (100% of plants) folowed for flour phase (21,62 % of plants). The germination pecentage of total achenes was 0,33 %, but after densimetric selection in water the germination was 21 %. The mean days to germination or emergence (MD) was 40 LÓ 5 days after to sow, with index sincronism . (bits) was LV0,36. L. ericoides was classified as a plant slow germination (MD> 10 days). On the study of the efect of phosphorus levels (0; 40; 80; 160 mg dm LV3) in the L. ericoides was realized during 130 days in green house conditions. The experimental design was enterely randomized with five repetitions. The L. ericoides presented efficiency in absorbing phosphorus. This fact had significant consequence in the grwth tax, production and partition of dry mass matter. The production of leaf dry mass matter was bigger with 160 mg dm-3, however, the best of the dry mass partition was in level steem of 101, 15 mg dm-3. The acid phosphatse presented a minimum of activity in the phosphorus leaf text of 0,83 g Kg-1. Key Words: Arnica-da-serra...

Orientador: Marcos Eduardo Paron / Banca: Dirceu Maximiniano Fernandes / Banca: Roberto Fontes Vieira / Resumo: O presente trabalho objetivou coletar germoplasma sexuado (aquenios) de uma populacao de Lychnophora ericoides Mart, avaliar caracteristicas germinativas de seus aquenios e o efeito de doses de fosfato sobre o crescimento inicial e atividade in vivo da enzima fosfatase acida. A 2 L.erioides e uma especie medicinal brasileira com potencial farmacologico e vulneravel a extincao. Em 29 de maio de 2004 foi avaliada a populacao Paraiso Perdido na cidade de Sao Joao Batista do Gloria- MG. Durante a coleta, obteve-se as coordenadas geograficas por GPS (20º 37' 54" S e a 46º 19' 37" W a 833,6m de altitude), coletou-se germoplasma (aquenio (frutos secos indeiscentes)). O solo da populacao e litolico com fracao intemperizada de textura franco arenosa, muito acida, distrofica. A densidade populacional e de 0,16 individuos por m2 com 0,078 jovens por adulto. A fenofase predominante foi a frutificacao (100% dos individuos) seguida pela floracao (21,62 individuos). A porcentagem de germinacao dos frutos totais (PGT) foi de 0,33 % e dos frutos viaveis (PGV) foi de 21 % com numero medio de dias para germinacao (MD) de 40 l 5 dias apos o semeio. O indice de sincronismo da germinacao de (. bits) foi de .0,36. A L. ericoides foi classificada como planta de germinacao lenta (MD>10 dias). O experimento de efeito de doses de P2O5 (0; 40; 80; 160 mg dm-3) sobre mudas de L.ericoides foi realizado por 130 dias em casa de vegetacao em DIC com cinco repeticoes. A L.ericoides apresentou eficiencia em absorver o P com reflexo significativo na taxa de crescimento diario e producao de massa de materia seca com variacao nos indices de distribuicao de massa entre as partes da planta. A producao de massa de materia seca foliar foi linear com maximo na dose de 160 mg dm-3 de P2O5, contudo, a ditribuicao da massa de materia seca para 90 % da resposta maxima foi na dose de 101,15 mg dm-3 P2O5. A atividade da enzima... / Abstract: The objetive of this work was collet achenes of one population of Lychnophora ericoides Mart., to evaluate germination of achenes and the efect of phosphorus levels in the initial 4 growth and in vivo activity of the acid phosphatase. The L. ericoides is brasilian medicinal specie with pharmacology potential aplication, and is vulnerable to extinction. In May 29 of 2004 was evaluated Paraiso Perdido population of Sao Joao Batista do Gloria city-MG (20ØX 37LOE 54L S; 46o 19LOE 37 W; 833 meter of altitude). The soil of this population is litolic with texture sandy, acid and distrofic. The population density is 0,16 plant per square meter, and 0,078 young plant/adult plants. The predominante fenology phase was frutification (100% of plants) folowed for flour phase (21,62 % of plants). The germination pecentage of total achenes was 0,33 %, but after densimetric selection in water the germination was 21 %. The mean days to germination or emergence (MD) was 40 LÓ 5 days after to sow, with index sincronism . (bits) was LV0,36. L. ericoides was classified as a plant slow germination (MD> 10 days). On the study of the efect of phosphorus levels (0; 40; 80; 160 mg dm LV3) in the L. ericoides was realized during 130 days in green house conditions. The experimental design was enterely randomized with five repetitions. The L. ericoides presented efficiency in absorbing phosphorus. This fact had significant consequence in the grwth tax, production and partition of dry mass matter. The production of leaf dry mass matter was bigger with 160 mg dm-3, however, the best of the dry mass partition was in level steem of 101, 15 mg dm-3. The acid phosphatse presented a minimum of activity in the phosphorus leaf text of 0,83 g Kg-1. Key Words: Arnica-da-serra... / Mestre

Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2017-04-10T15:04:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Eulalia Alves Barros.pdf: 223041 bytes, checksum: 40e55d9d4006393aa969756a6bf6835a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-10T15:04:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Eulalia Alves Barros.pdf: 223041 bytes, checksum: 40e55d9d4006393aa969756a6bf6835a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-26 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Marota breed goats is part of the Brazilian genetic patrimony, consisting by animals highly adapted to semi-arid region. This study evaluated genetic structure of Marota breed from Embrapa Meio Norte nucleus for conservation. Pedigree records of 663 animals, which were born from 1995 to 2003, were used for population parameters estimation. Inbreeding coefficient ( F ) and average relationship coefficient (AR) of the population was 0.11% and 0.84% respectively. Generation interval (IEG) was 5.28 years and average effective size ( e N ) per generation was 222 animals; the effective number of founder animals ( e f ) and ancestral ( a f ) was the sam (48). Among 214 ancestors evaluated, just 22 of them were responsible for 50% of the population genetic variability,which indicate loss of original genes. This study shows low contribution of the founder animals among the generations. Wright inbreeding coefficient indicates population subdivision in lineages. Inbreeding and average relationship coefficients (AR) were low. / A raça caprina Marota é parte do patrimônio genético do Brasil, formada por animais altamente adaptados ao semi-árido nordestino. Neste estudo avaliouse a estrutura genética do núcleo de conservação da raça Marota, mantida pela Embrapa Meio Norte. Foram estimados os parâmetros populacionais com dados genealógicos de 663 animais nascidos entre os anos de 1995 a 2003. O coeficiente de parentesco médio (AR) e de consanguinidade ( F ) para a população foram de 0,11% e de 0,84%, respectivamente. O intervalo de gerações (IEG) foi de 5,28 anos e o tamanho efetivo médio ( e N ) por geração foi de 222 animais, sendo que o número efetivo de animais fundadores ( e f ) e de ancestrais ( a f ) foi igual (48). Dentre os 214 ancestrais, apenas 22 foram responsáveis por 50% da variabilidade genética da população, o que indica perda de genes de origem. Observa-se baixa contribuição dos animais fundadores ao longo das gerações. Os valores do coeficiente de endogamia de Wright indicam subdivisão da população em linhagens. Em geral, a consangüinidade e os valores médios do coeficiente de parentesco foram baixos.

Cette étude visait à établir un protocole de cryoconservation pour des apex de vigne et à tester l'efficacité de la cryoconservation pour éliminer des virus de la vigne sélectionnés. Des cultures in vitro de génotypes sains de huit cultivars croates autochtones de vigne, Plavac mali, Maraština, Pošip, Debit, Grk, Lasina, Plavina et Vugava et de génotypes infectés de Plavac mali ont été établies. Les différences de survie, de reprise et des paramètres de croissance observés se sont avérées spécifique des génotypes. Les cultivars infectés se sont montrés moins réactifs que les cultivars sains. Un protocole de cryoconservation basé sur la vitrification avec PVS2 a été établi. Les modifications de la préculture avec le saccharose et l'utilisation de solutions alternatives de cryoconservation n'ont pas amélioré la reprise. A l'opposé, l'état physiologique du matériel végétal a joué un rôle essentiel pour la cryoconservation. Des bourgeons en croissance active prélevés sur des microboutures mononodales ont montré une reprise plus élevée que des bourgeons prélevés directement sur les vitroplants. La position des bourgeons sur la tige des plantes-mères in vitro a affecté la reprise après cryoconservation. L'addition de benzylaminopurine au milieu de culture des microboutures a eu un effet positif sur la reprise après immersion dans l'azote liquide, alors qu'aucun effet positif n'a été observé sur la reprise avec la zéatine riboside ou la proline. Le protocole de cryoconservation établi a permis d'obtenir environ 50% de reprise avec le cultivar Portan et avec trois des quatre cultivars internationaux utilisés. Par contre, aucune reprise ou une reprise très faible a été observée avec les cultivars croates testés. En se basant sur les tests ELISA réalisés, le virus GFLV a été éliminé de 82,4% des apex non cryoconservés et de 77,8% des apex cryoconservés chez le cultivar Chardonnay et le GLRaV-3 a été éliminé de 100% des apex non cryoconservés et cryoconservés chez le cultivar Cabernet Sauvignon. Ces résultats sont à relier à nos études d'immunolocalisation, qui ont montré que le GFLV était présent dans le dôme apical et les tissus méristématiques chez le cultivar Pinot Noir and que le GLRaV-3 était présent dans les tubes criblés chez le cultivar Merlot. La stabilité génétique des plantes régénérées à partir des apex cryoconservés a été étudiée en utilisant les marqueurs AFLP. Avec les huit combinaisons d'amorces utilisées sur les 43 plantes testées, aucun polymorphisme n'a été observé après la préculture au saccharose, le traitement avec la solution de loading et la solution de PVS2 diluée de moitié. Par contre, des fragments polymorphes ont été observés sur des explants non cryoconservés et cryoconservés traités avec la solution PVS2, dont le nombre augmentait avec l'augmentation de la durée d'exposition à la solution PVS2. / This study aimed at establishing a cryopreservation protocol for grapevine shoot tips and at testing the efficiency of cryopreservation in eliminating selected grapevine viruses. In vitro cultures of healthy genotypes of eight Croatian autochthonous grapevine cultivars Plavac mali, Maraština, Pošip, Debit, Grk, Lasina, Plavina and Vugava and of virus-infected genotypes of Plavac mali were successfully established. Differences in survival, regrowth and growth parameters were genotype-specific. Infected cultivars were less reactive compared to healthy ones. A PVS2-based cryopreservation protocol was successfully established. Modifications in sucrose preculture conditions and use of PVS2-derived alternative vitrification solutions did not improve growth recovery. By contrast, the physiological state of the plant material played a critical role in cryopreservation. Actively growing buds sampled from single-node microcuttings displayed higher regrowth compared to buds sampled directly on in vitro plantlets. The position of buds on the stem of in vitro mother-plants affected regrowth after cryopreservation. The addition benzylaminopurine in the shooting medium had a positive effect on regrowth after liquid nitrogen exposure, while no such positive effect was observed with zeatine riboside or proline. The cryopreservation protocol established led to approximately 50% recovery with cultivar Portan and three of the four international cultivars tested. By contrast, no or very low recovery was noted with the Croatian cultivars tested. Based on ELISA tests, the GFLV virus was eliminated from 82.4% of non-cryopreserved samples and from 77.78% of cryopreserved samples in cultivar Chardonnay and the GLRaV-3 virus was eliminated from 100% of both non-cryopreserved and cryopreserved samples in cultivar Cabernet Sauvignon. These results may be related with our immunolocalisation studies, which showed that GFLV was found in the apical dome and meristematic tissues in cultivar Pinot Noir and GLRaV-3 in sieve elements of cultivar Merlot. Genetic stability of plants regenerated from cryopreserved shoot tips was studied using AFLP markers. With the eight AFLP primer combinations employed on the 43 plants tested, no polymorphism was observed after sucrose preculture, treatment with the loading solution and half-strengthPVS2. However, polymorphic fragments were observed in non-cryopreserved and cryopreserved samples treated with PVS2 solution, the number of which increased with increasing durations of exposure to PVS2 solution.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-08-22T19:16:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014 - Aur?lio Ludovico de Almeida Martinez.pdf: 2604129 bytes, checksum: d6ebe0ec048ae2a4b877b584b5f65e6f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-22T19:16:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014 - Aur?lio Ludovico de Almeida Martinez.pdf: 2604129 bytes, checksum: d6ebe0ec048ae2a4b877b584b5f65e6f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-28 / CAPES / Originating from Americas, with Brazil as an important center of diversity, Capsicum occupies an important position among greenery. This study aimed to 1) to assess the genetic similarity and presence of duplicates; 2) to evaluate the resistance to anthracnose disease 3) screening viruses resistance in Capsicum baccatum accessions from Instituto Federal Goiano - Campus Ceres genebank. The genetic similarity was determined by molecular characterization at Embrapa Recursos Gen?ticos e Biotecnologia through RAPD and ISSR markers and morphological descriptors defined for Capsicum spp. According to the molecular and morphological characterization it was confirm the genetic diversity among C. baccatum accessions and the lack of duplicates. The anthracnose resistance was evaluated at 50 and 120 days after the dispersion of pepper powder prepared from infected peppers, considering incidence (presence or absence of lesions in fruits) and disease severity (surface damage percentage to the surface total of fruit) through images processing of diseased fruits. The essay was carried out under field conditions, using augmented randomized complete block design with fifteen plants per plot and three commercial varieties as control. Significant difference was observed especially in disease severity between treatments in both periods observed. The viruses incidence was evaluated in two field experiments in the periods between June-December 2012 and January-June 2013. DAS-ELISA test was performed with absorbance reading at 405 nm on a plate reader, all symptomatic and four asymptomatic plants in all plots was sampled, at 180 days after transplanting in the first experiment, and 160 days after transplanting in second one. The Viruses evaluated were tobamovirus Pepper mild motle virus (PMMoV), the cucumovirus Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), the tospovirus Groundnut ring spot virus (GRSV), Tomato spot wilt virus (TSWV) and Tomato chlorotic spot virus (TCSV) and potyvirus Potato virus Y (PVY) and Pepper yellow mosaic virus (PepYMV). The percentage of incidence in the first and second period evaluated, were 30% e 7% PMMoV, 6% e 27% CMV, 8% e 12% PVY, 25% e 22% PepYMV, 10% e 2% GRSV, 11% e 0% TCSV, 0% e 11% TSWV. Virus were not detected several accessions studied and are potential sources of virus resistance that should be confirmed on resistance testing under controlled conditions. / Origin?rias das Am?ricas e tendo o Brasil como importante centro de diversidade, as pimentas do g?nero Capsicum ocupam posi??o de destaque entre as hortali?as. O presente trabalho teve como objetivos: 1) verificar a similaridade gen?tica e a presen?a de duplicatas; 2) avaliar a resist?ncia ? Colletotrichum spp.; e 3) avaliar a incid?ncia de viroses em acessos de Capsicum baccatum da cole??o de germoplasma do Instituto Federal Goiano - Campus Ceres. A similaridade gen?tica foi determinada pela caracteriza??o molecular realizada na Embrapa Recursos Gen?ticos e Biotecnologia, por meio de marcadores ISSR e RAPD e descritores morfol?gicos definidos para Capsicum spp. De acordo com a caracteriza??o molecular e morfol?gica p?de-se verificar diversidade gen?tica entre os acessos C. baccatum e a inexist?ncia de duplicatas na cole??o. A resist?ncia ? antracnose foi avaliada aos 50 e 120 dias ap?s a dispers?o de p? de pimenta preparado a partir de frutos infectados, considerando incid?ncia (presen?a e aus?ncia de les?es no fruto) e severidade de doen?a (percentual de superf?cie de les?o em rela??o ? superf?cie total do fruto), a partir do processamento de imagens dos frutos doentes. A avalia??o foi realizada em condi??es de campo, utilizando desenho experimental em blocos completos casualizados aumentados com quinze plantas por parcela e tr?s variedades comerciais como testemunhas. Foi observada diferen?a significativa entre os tratamentos, especialmente na severidade da doen?a, nos dois per?odos observados. A incid?ncia de viroses foi avaliada em dois experimentos conduzidos em campo, nos per?odos entre junho a dezembro 2012 e janeiro a junho de 2013. Foi realizado teste DAS-Elisa, com leitura de absorb?ncia a 405 nm em leitora de placas, em amostras das plantas sintom?ticas e quatro plantas assintom?ticas em todas as parcelas. Os v?rus avaliados foram o tobamovirus Pepper mild motle virus (PMMoV), o cucumovirus Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), os tospovirus Groundnut ring spot virus (GRSV), Tomato spot wilt virus (TSWV) e Tomato chlorotic spot virus (TCSV) e os potyvirus Potato virus Y (PVY) e Pepper yelow mosaic virus (PepYMV). No per?odo de junho a dezembro de 2012, os v?rus detectados e respectivo percentual de incid?ncia foram PMMoV 30%, CMV 6%, PVY 8%, PepYMV 25%, GRSV 10%, TCSV 11%, TSWV 0%. J? no per?odo de janeiro a junho de 2013, o percentual de incid?ncia dos respectivos v?rus foram: PMMoV 7%, CMV 27%, PVY 12%, PepYMV 22%, GRSV 2%, TCSV 0% e TSWV 11%. Para todos os v?rus estudados, houveram acessos nos quais n?o foi detectada a presen?a do v?rus, com destaque para IFET 64 (n?o detectado PMMoV, CMV, PepYMV e PVY), IFET 273, (n?o detectados PMMoV, PVY, TSWV, TCSV e GRSV, IFET 19 (n?o detectado CMV, PVY, TSWV, TCSV e GRSV).

L’information génétique est rarement appréhendée directement par le droit, bien que certaines catégories du droit de la propriété intellectuelle, telles que le brevet d’invention ou le certificat d’obtention végétale, en soient des réceptacles privilégiés. De plus, si les Etats ont réaffirmé leur souveraineté sur les ressources génétiques dans le cadre de la Convention sur la diversité biologique et du Protocole de Nagoya, il en résulte un principe de partage juste et équitable des avantages entre fournisseurs et utilisateurs, qui a favorisé la reconnaissance d’un nouveau bien : l’information génétique. Effectivement, selon une approche néocapitaliste de la conservation, la maîtrise de l’information génétique constitue un levier pour la conservation de la biodiversité et un rééquilibrage des relations Nord/Sud. Toutefois, la propriété de la ressource physique s’est révélée déterminante dans les échanges afin de contrôler l’accès à l’information génétique à travers les utilités de la chose.Ce principe d’accès et de partage des avantages entérine un lien spécial entre l’information et son support biologique en ce sens que l’information génétique étudiée par le chercheur demeure le fruit d’un territoire, voire d’un travail de conservation ancestrale d’agriculteurs ou de communautés locales. Il s’agit donc d’une forme atypique de dépendance entre l’information génétique et l’origine géographique de la ressource, devant être articulée avec les droits de propriété intellectuelle qui ne peuvent poursuivre la seule logique de l’innovation, au risque de contourner les engagements internationaux en matière d’accès et de partage des avantages. Par ailleurs, un partage juste et équitable des avantages se comprend largement et n’est pas circonscrit aux avantages découlant du dépôt d’un titre de propriété intellectuelle. La révolution numérique connue par les activités de biotechnologie au travers notamment de la bio-informatique permet la création de nouvelles valeurs, souvent non-appropriables mais largement réservées par les pays du Nord, et auquel l’accès se révèle indispensable dans une véritable perspective de développement des capacités de recherche au Sud. En effet, au-delà des avantages monétaires et du transfert de technologie, ces avantages non monétaires sont essentiels afin de perpétuer les objectifs initiaux de la Convention sur la diversité biologique, malmenés par l’évolution des techniques. Pourtant, le règlement de l’Union européenne du 16 avril 2014 relatif aux mesures concernant le respect par les utilisateurs dans l'Union du protocole de Nagoya sur l'accès aux ressources génétiques et le partage juste et équitable des avantages découlant de leur utilisation et de la loi française pour la reconquête de la biodiversité, de la nature et des paysages du 8 août 2016 peinent à lancer une véritable dynamique de partage autour des pratiques de recherche actuelles, dans un contexte où l’accès au message porté par une séquence d’ADN peut être obtenu indépendamment de la ressource biologique, notamment grâce aux bases de données de bio-informatique ou à la biologie de synthèse. Au-delà du constat réalisé dans cette étude, il est temps de réfléchir à la construction d’une nouvelle forme de gouvernance, englobant l’information génétique au format numérique et répondant aux questions nouvelles soulevées par le big data, ainsi que les pratiques de data mining. L’idée d’un commun contractuel équitable, sur le modèle du Traité international sur les ressources phytogénétiques pour l’alimentation et l’agriculture, nous paraît constituer un enjeu du futur pour une certaine survie des principes de la Convention sur la diversité biologique. / Genetic information is rarely dealt with directly by law, although certain categories of intellectual property law, such as a patent or a plant variety certificate, are privileged receptacles. Moreover, if the states reaffirmed their sovereignty over genetic resources under the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Nagoya Protocol, the result is a principle of fair and equitable sharing of benefits between providers and users, which promoted the recognition of a new good: genetic information. Indeed, using a neocapitalist approach to conservation, mastery of genetic information is a lever for the conservation of biodiversity and a rebalancing of North / South relations. However, the property of the material resource has proved to be a determining trading factor in order to gain control access towards genetic information through its utilities.This principle of access and benefit-sharing enshrines a special link between information and its biological support in the sense that the genetic information studied by the researcher remains a local product or even a work of ancestral preservation by the Farmers or local communities. It is therefore an atypical form of dependence between genetic information and the geographical origin of the resource, that needs to be hinged with intellectual property rights. The latter is unable to solely pursue the logic of innovation without running the risk to bypass the commitments made by the international community on benefits access and sharing. Moreover, a Fair and Equitable sharing of benefits has to be taken broadly and is in no way limited to the benefits ensuing the filing of an IP. The digital revolution experienced by biotechnology activities, especially through Bioinformatics, allows the creation of new values which are mainly non-appropriable although reserved to a very large extent by Northern countries and to which access is essential in a genuine Development of research capacity in the Southern Countries. Indeed, beyond the financial benefits and the technology transfer opportunities, these non-monetary benefits are essentials in order to perpetuate the original goals which are battered by techonological developments. Yet the European Union Regulation of the 16 April 2014 on measures concerning user compliance in the Union with the Nagoya Protocol on access to genetic resources and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from their use and the French Law for the Recovery of Biodiversity, Nature and Landscapes of August 8, 2016 are struggling to trigger and ensure a real dynamic of sharing around modern research practices, in a context where access to the message carried by a DNA sequence can be obtained independently of the biological resource, in particular through bioinformatics databases or synthetic biology.Beyond the findings of this study, it is time to reflect on the construction of a new form of governance, encompassing genetic information in digital format and responding to new questions raised by big data, as well as data mining. The idea of an equitable contractual common good, modeled on the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, seems to us to be a future issue for a certain survival of the principles of the Convention on Biodiversity.

This Thesis, focused on an evaluation of possible utilization of selected variety of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. and Triticum dicoccum Schrank) in organic farming in the light of possible expansion of agrobiodiverzity on an arable land, is connected with the Bachelor´s Thesis. The starting point of the process was a choice of twelve varieties based on previous screening. Small parcel of land experiments (2007 {--} 2008) with six genetic resources of emmer wheat and six varieties of sown wheat (4 old and land races, 2 modern check control varieties) have been grown on an experimental field of University of South Bohemian and Gene bank at Research Institute of Crop Production (VURV) Prague and subsequent evaluation of morphological, biological, economical and qualitative parameters as well. The results show, that genetic resources of wheat have lots of positive and negative features as well. A speed of growth, a height of plant or a tuft shape positively makes for an increment of a competition ability to weed. On the other hand, farming features e.g. a harvest index, a productivity of spike or a total yield is high variable by single kinds and compared to modern control varieties on a lowered level. Emmer wheat yields qualitative grain (high content of protein) in low imput farming. That is much better for other purposes than typical baker´s work (low swell of proteins expressed by Zeleny´s sedimentation analysis). This type of grown is suitable for organic farming and its growing currently contributes to expansion agrobiodiverzity on an arable land.

Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2017-05-08T16:37:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Laura Leandro da Rocha.pdf: 1419772 bytes, checksum: 81999c16deb201b3630158eccfcb1ddf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-08T16:37:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Laura Leandro da Rocha.pdf: 1419772 bytes, checksum: 81999c16deb201b3630158eccfcb1ddf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-11-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The aim of the present study was develop a panel of microsatellites for testing paternity in goats as an aid for conservation and improvement programs for local breeds. A total of 381 animals from 10 goat populations [six local Brazilian ecotypes/breeds (Azul, Canindé, Graúna, Marota, Moxotó and Repartida) and four exotic breeds currently used in Brazil (Alpine, Anglo-Nubian, Boer and Saanen) were genotyped. Nine multiplex systems were performed, totaling 27 microsatellites.Polymorphism information content (PIC), probability of exclusion (PE) of the markers and Hardy- Weinberg (HW) equilibrium were estimated for the populations and the probability of identity was determined. For the system with 27 microsatellites, the combined PE was 0.999991 and 0.999999 (PE1 and PE2) and the 21 microsatellites exhibited PIC > 0.60; four microsatellites were monomorphic in some populations. Significant deviations from HW equilibrium (P< 0.05) were found for the markers; CSSM66 was deviated from HW equilibrium in the greatest number of populations (8). Nine markers were selected to make up the panel, eight of which were common to both groups (local and exotic goats); the BM1818 marker was the most informative in the local populations and the BM6506 marker was the most informative in the exotic populations. Combined PE with the group of eight microsatellites was 0.9943 and 0.9997 (PE1 and PE2). Based on the calculation of the probabilities of exclusion within the populations, it was possible to discriminate one individual from among a million (106). The results indicate the possibility of employing few microsatellites in the investigation of paternity in goats with a satisfactory degree of reliability and minimal cost. / O presente trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver um painel de microssatélites para teste de paternidade em caprinos como auxílio a programas de conservação e melhoramento das raças locais.Foram genotipados 381 animais de 10 populações caprinas sendo seis raças ou ecotipos locais brasileiros (Azul, Canindé, Graúna, Marota, Moxotó e Repartida) e quatro raças exóticas utilizadas atualmente no Brasil (Alpina, Anglo-Nubiana, Boer e Saanen). Realizou-se nove sistemas multiplex,totalizando 27 microssatélites. Foram estimados o PIC, as probabilidades de exclusão dos marcadores e o equilíbrio de Hardy-Weinberg nas populações e, em seguida, determinada a probabilidade de identidade. Para o sistema de 27 microssatélites a probabilidade de exclusão combinada foi de 0,999991 e 0,999999 (PE1 e PE2) e, 21 microssatélites apresentaram PIC > 0,60, onde quatro apresentaram-se monomórficos em algumas populações. Verificaram-se desvios do equilíbrio de Hardy-Weinberg significativos (P< 0,05) para os marcadores, sendo o CSSM66, o que apresentou maior número de populações (8) com desvio. Para compor o painel foram escolhidos 9 marcadores dos quais oito foram comuns aos dois grupos estudados (caprinos locais e exóticos), sendo o BM1818 mais informativo nas populações locais e, o marcador BM6506 nas populações exóticas. A probabilidade de exclusão combinada com o grupo dos oito microssatélites foi de 0,9943 e 0,9997 (PE1 e PE2). Baseado no cálculo das probabilidades de identidade dentro das populações foi possível discriminar um indivíduo entre um milhão (106). Os resultados indicaram a possibilidade de empregar poucos microssatélites na investigação de paternidade em caprinos, com grau de confiabilidade considerado bom, minimizando custos.

A thesis submitted the Department of Science and Agriculture in fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Science in the Faculty of Science and agriculture at the University of Zululand,2018 / Indigenous chicken genetic resources play a major role in rural communities. There is therefore a need for their sustainable use and conservation. Conservation requires knowledge of production systems, phenotypic and genetic characteristics. The aim of this study was to understand the production systems and phenotypic variation among indigenous chickens in some areas of KwaZulu-Natal. A survey was conducted in six districts of KwaZulu-Natal to characterise indigenous chicken production systems;, predict body weight from linear body measurements of indigenous chickens using principal component analysis, and identify the morphological variation among indigenous chicken populations. Small flock sizes ranging from 2 to 80 indigenous chickens were observed in households. The majority of farmers started rearing a few indigenous chickens sourced from related stock through inheritance, gifts and buying. Indigenous chickens were reared as a source of meat, eggs and income. Most farmers (72%), were not aware of the importance of conserving indigenous chickens. The most common constraints raised by farmers were diseases, predators and theft. The most commonly practised production systems were extensive and semi-intensive. Poor management in terms of feeding, watering and health was reported in all surveyed areas. Principal component analysis of linear body measurements extracted two principal components with a total variance of 63.94%. Principal component one, related to body size, had the largest share of breast circumference, body length and shank circumference. Principal component two, related to body shape, had high loadings on toe length, shank length and back length. The use of principal components was more appropriate than the use of original correlated variables in predicting the weight of indigenous chickens. Variation in morphological traits was observed; 10 plumage colours were realised from different locations, and variation was also observed in skin colour, eye colour, shank colour and comb type. Variation in phenotypes may reflect variation in the genome of the indigenous chickens. Discriminant analysis identified body weight as the most discriminating variable in differentiating indigenous chickens. Two major clusters were formed: the first by Newcastle, Port Shepstone and Cedara; the second by Pietermaritzburg and Ladysmith. Empangeni and Jozini individually joined the two clusters. Although Jozini showed itself to be more distant to the others, 51.1% of indigenous chickens were correctly assigned to their population. It was concluded that with the existing variation improvement in size and aesthetic characteristics of the indigenous chickens can be achieved through selection according to the needs of the farmers. Farmers require assistance on husbandry and management of indigenous chickens.

Submitted by Claudia Rocha (claudia.rocha@udesc.br) on 2018-03-23T14:33:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PGCS16MA033.pdf: 1894240 bytes, checksum: 1b6f35a6f205b5fa1e18ae9223806992 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-23T14:33:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGCS16MA033.pdf: 1894240 bytes, checksum: 1b6f35a6f205b5fa1e18ae9223806992 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-11-27 / The symbiosis between soil microorganisms and root plants is an important ecological relationship for their survival. For Bracatinga (Mimosa scabrella), a native leguminous plant in southern Brazil, pioneer in the Araucaria Forest and recognized with economic potential, these associations are essential for their establishment in different substrates, growth and survival. This study aimed to assess the diversity and symbiotic efficiency of nitrogen-fixing bacteria collected from different sites in Santa Catarina, as well as their interaction with associative bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. The first chapter is a brief literature review about the subject. The second one describes the methodology applied in the collection area, as well as the morphological and genetic diversity analysis of bacteria found inside the M. scabrella nodules. In this chapter, among the 61 sample points, 30 morphotypes were identified and clustered into 11 groups. Burkholderia genus was the most common nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the nodules. However, Rhizobium and Cupriadus genera have also been identified and different associative bacteria as well. The third section is the result of two experiments. The first one showed the symbiotic efficiency and effectiveness of 28 strains inoculated separately in M. scabrella plants and the second one assessed the symbiotic efficiency of two Burkholderia strains in three different progenies of M. scabrella. Strains of Burkholderia, Rhizobium and Cupriavidus genera were able to form nodules on M. scabrella. However, the Cupriavidus genus did not fixed N to the plant. In contrast, some Burkholderia strains showed good results as nitrogen fixing bacteria, with potential to fix all the N required by their host, although the results have had a wide variation in relation to the Burkholderia strains used. In addition, the progeny of M. scabrella may influence in the N fixation ability of bacteria. The fourth chapter evaluated the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), nitrogen fixing bacteria (NFB) and associative bacteria (AB) individually and in combination on growth, nitrogen concentration, nodulation and root architecture of M. scabrella cultivated in a low phosphorus content soil. The results showed that the co-inoculation of AMF and NFB increased the root and shoot dry matter and the nitrogen concentration of the plants. Regards to root architecture, co-inoculation affects positively the length and volume of the roots, surface area, number of bifurcations and tips. In addition, AB inoculation did not affect the M. scabrella growth, although the number of nodules decreased significantly / A simbiose de microrganismos nas raízes de plantas é uma relação ecológica importante para a sobrevivência de ambos. Para Bracatinga (Mimosa scabrella), planta leguminosa nativa do sul do Brasil, pioneira na Floresta Ombrófila Mista e com reconhecido potencial econômico, essas associações podem ser fundamentais para seu estabelecimento nos diferentes substratos, crescimento e sobrevivência. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a diversidade e eficiência simbiótica de bactérias fixadoras de nitrogênio coletadas de nódulos de M. scabrella, de diferentes regiões do estado de Santa Catarina, bem como a interação dessas com bactérias associativas e fungos micorrízicos arbusculares. O primeiro capítulo trata de uma breve revisão bibliográfica sobre o assunto. O segundo capítulo descreve a metodologia e área de coleta, bem como a análise da diversidade morfológica e genética das bactérias encontradas nos nódulos de M. scabrella. Neste capítulo, dentre os 61 pontos amostrados, 30 morfotipos foram identificados e agrupados em 11 grupos. Destes, bactérias fixadoras de nitrogênio do gênero Burkholderia foram as mais comuns, no entanto, gêneros Cupriavidus e Rhizobium também foram identificados, além de diversos gêneros de bactérias associativas. O terceiro capítulo é resultado de dois experimentos, onde o primeiro demonstrou a eficiência e eficácia simbiótica de 28 estirpes inoculadas independentemente em plantas de M. scabrella e o segundo avaliou a eficiência de 2 estirpes em três diferentes progênies desta espécie. As estirpes do gênero Burkholderia, Rhizobium e Cupriavidus foram capazes de formar nódulos em M. scabrella. No entanto, as bactérias do gênero Cupriavidus não fixaram N2 para o planta. Em contrapartida, algumas bactérias do gênero Burkholderia mostraram capacidade de fixar todo o N2 necessário para o crescimento da planta, embora os resultados tenham grande variação em relação à estirpe de Burkholderia utilizada. Além disso, o acesso de M. scabrella pode influenciar na capacidade de fixação de N2 da bactéria. O quarto capítulo avaliou os efeitos de fungo micorrízico arbuscular (FMA), bactéria fixadora de nitrogênio (BFN) e bactéria associativa (BA), individualmente e em combinação, no crescimento, concentração de nitrogênio, nodulação e arquitetura da raiz de M. scabrella cultivada em solo com baixo teor de fósforo. Os resultados demonstraram que a co-inoculação de FMA e BFN aumentaram a massa da matéria seca da raiz e da parte aérea das plantas, bem como a concentração de nitrogênio. Em relação a arquitetura radicular, a co-inoculação afetou positivamente o comprimento e volume radicular, área superficial, número de bifurcações e pontas. Além disso, a inoculação de BA não afetou o crescimento de M. scabrella, embora o número de nódulos tenha diminuído com sua presença