Cette thèse est composée de trois essais qui étudient le déroulement des introductions en bourse. Dans le premier essai, nous examinons l’effet de la séparation propriété-contrôle sur la performance des offres publiques initiales (IPO) à long terme en France. En utilisant un échantillon de 351 entreprises françaises introduites en bourse sur la période 1997-2011, nous constatons que la séparation entre les droits de vote et les droits de propriété des actionnaires majoritaires est négativement associée à la performance à long terme des introductions en bourse. Cette constatation indique que les IPO ayant une structure de propriété dispersée sont moins performantes que les autres entreprises au cours de la période allant de 1 à 5 ans suivant l'offre initiale. Cette séparation incite les actionnaires dominants à retirer des avantages privés de contrôle au détriment des actionnaires minoritaires.Dans le deuxième essai, nous examinons le rôle des clauses de lock-up sur la précision des prévisions de résultat publiées dans le prospectus d'introduction en bourse. En utilisant un échantillon de 303 prévisions des entreprises françaises introduites en bourse entre 1997 et 2013, nous apportons la preuve que les introductions en bourse ayant plus d'actions à détenir, ainsi que celles qui choisissent des périodes de lock-up plus longues, sont plus susceptibles de divulguer des prévisions de résultats conservatrices et précises. Ces résultats sont robustes à un certain nombre de tests de sensibilité.Dans le troisième essai, nous étudions l'impact de la localisation géographique sur la sous-évaluation à court terme des introductions en bourse françaises. Les résultats montrent que les entreprises situées à proximité du centre financier parisien sont moins sous-estimées que les entreprises distantes. Ces résultats fournissent un support empirique à l'argument selon lequel l'incertitude sur la valeur des IPO augmente proportionnellement à la distance de Paris. En d'autres termes, la proximité géographique améliore la qualité des informations collectées sur les entreprises, ce qui réduit leurs coûts d'introduction en bourse et diminue le niveau des rendements initiaux. / This dissertation consists of three essays. In the first essay, we investigate whether the control-ownership divergence can explain IPO long-run performance in France. Using data from a sample of 351 French IPOs during 1997-2011, we find that the separation between ownership and control rights of the largest shareholder is negatively associated with long-term performance of French IPOs. This finding indicates that IPOs with disproportional ownership structure underperform other firms in the one- to five-year period following the initial offering. Such separation induces controlling shareholders to extract private benefits of control to the detriment of minority shareholders.In the second essay, we examine the effect of lockup agreements on management earnings forecasts in initial public offering (IPO) prospectuses. Using a sample of 303 forecasts of French firms that went public over the period 1997–2013, we find that IPOs with lockup clauses are more likely to disclose conservative profit forecasts. Moreover, we provide evidence that IPOs with more shares to lock up, as well as those selecting longer lockup periods, have more accurate management earnings forecasts. These results are robust to a number of sensitivity tests.In the third essay, we examine the impact of geographic location on the short–run underpricing of French initial public offerings (IPOs). The results show that firms located in close proximity to the financial centre, Paris, are less underpriced than distant ones. These findings provide empirical support to the argument that uncertainty about IPO value increases with distance from Paris. In other words, geographic proximity improves the quality of collected information on IPO firms, which lowers their costs of going public and decreases the level of initial returns.

Examensarbetet är gjort med avseendet på att kraven för nyproduktion av småhus skärps i Sverige under sommaren 2018, men även i samtliga EU-länder skall kraven vara genomförda innan år 2021. Kraven är riktade mot den totala energiförbrukningen av nybyggda bostäder i brukstillstånd och att specifik energianvändning som tidigare används ersätts med primärenergi för att räkna ut förbrukningen. Därför står hela byggbranschen inför stora förändringar men framförallt småhustillverkarna där deras tidigare krav med beräkningar utifrån specifik energianvändning inte längre gäller. Primärenergiberäkningen är baserad på specifika energibärare som nu blir betydligt viktigare för beräkningarna samt att formeln ser annorlunda ut vilket leder till nya värden som inte går att jämföra med tidigare kravnivåer. Undersökningen gjordes med hjälp av ett typhus från Vårgårda hus, målet var att huset skulle klara kraven oberoende av vart i landet det är placerat och vald uppvärmningskälla. Men även en viktig aspekt var hur prisskillnaderna på de olika konstruktions- och uppvärmningslösningar faller ut, detta gjordes med programvaran Bidcon för att tydligt se de ingående kostnader för varje fall. För att uppnå detta gjordes en parameterstudie med olika uppvärmningskällor och andra smarta konstruktionslösningar, för att se om huset klarade kraven på fyra olika geografiska lägen i Sverige med hjälp av VIP-Energy. Resultatet visar tydligt att typhuset enbart klarar kraven när det är placerat i Malmö i orginalutförande och inte i Lanna, Örebro län där det är placerat i verkligheten. Det gör att olika besparingslösningar krävs och det mest energieffektiva sättet är att utrusta huset med en Bergvärmepump och ett FTX-system för alla testade zoner. Dock blir det kostnadseffektivast med avseende på slutpriset att använda fjärrvärme med ett FTX-system för att klara kraven i alla de testade geografiska zonerna. / The thesis is done with consideration to the new stricter requirements for production of houses in Sweden during the summer of 2018, but the requirements must also be met in all EU countries before the year 2021. The requirements are directed against the total energy consumption of newly built dwellings at operation stage and that specific energy use previously used is replaced with primary energy to calculate consumption. Therefore, the whole construction industry is facing major changes, but above all house manufacturers where their previous requirements with calculations based on specific energy use are no longer valid. The primary energy calculation is based on specific energy carriers, which is much more important for the calculations, and the formula looks different, which leads to new values that cannot be compared with previous requirements levels. The survey was conducted using a specific house from Vårgårda hus, the goal was that the house would meet the requirements regardless of where in the country it is placed and selected heating source. But another important aspect was how the price differences on the different design and heating solutions panned out, this was done with the software Bidcon to clearly see the input costs for each case. To achieve this, a parameter study with different heating sources and other smart design solutions was made to see if the house passed the requirements of four different geographical locations in Sweden using VIP-Energy. The result shows clearly that our specific house only meets the requirements when it is placed in Malmö in the original design and not in Lanna, Örebro County where it is placed in reality. This means that different savings solutions are required and the most energy efficient way is to equip the house with a geothermal heat pump and an FTX system for all tested zones. However, it will be most cost-effective in terms of the final price to use district heating with an FTX system to meet the requirements of all the tested geographical zones.

A pesquisa trata da análise dos espaços de duas vilas do interior de Goiás, sedes dos distritos de Cibele e Caiçara, considerando suas roças e imediações, assim como a peculiaridade de suas distintas situações geográficas, com vistas a apreender seus conteúdos que expressam os modos de morar lá encontrados. Elas foram compreendidas como patrimônios, categoria que pareceu, primeiramente, como nativa, mas que expressa, de fato, uma referência às nomeações das primeiras aglomerações urbanas brasileiras desde o período colonial. As vilas estão alocadas nas Regiões do Centro e Noroeste Goianos e foram fundadas no momento em que se dá a mudança da sociabilidade e da dinâmica produtiva das fazendas em Goiás, na segunda metade do século XX. A partir da desta mudança são fundados inúmeros patrimônios leigos em Goiás, constituídos por um processo de parcelamento, loteamento e venda das terras de fazenda e ocupados por ex-agregados excluídos dessas propriedades: camponeses que viviam como meeiros e arrendatários. O processo de transferência para novas formas de morar implica a formação e constituição do conjunto urbano que elucida os conteúdos rurais nas formas de uso do espaço, os quais expressam claras referências ao modo de vida camponês. As formas de ocupação do espaço e a constituição do lugar são tributários das contínuas referências socioespaciais de fartura, de fertilidade e de religiosidade, recompostas nos depoimentos e nas práticas dos moradores e na manutenção de elos com a roça, construindo um lugar intermediário: nem roça, nem cidade. Patrimônios. / The Research is about the analysis of two towns in the interior of the state of Goiás, headquarters of the districts of Cibele and Caiçara, considering their countryside and surroundings, as well as peculiarity of their different geographical situations, looking for to learn their contents that express the found way to live there. They were understood as historical heritage, category that, at first, seemed as native, but that actually express a reference to the firsts Brazilians urban agglomeration since the colonial period. The towns are allocated in the Center and Northwest regions of the state of Goiás and were founded at the moment of the changing of the sociability and productive dynamic of farms in Goiás in the second part of the twentieth century. By this change are founded many lay assets in Goiás, constructed by a process of fragmentation, division and sales of the farms lands and occupied by former households banned from those properties: peasants who lived as tenants or in a contract that works half for his family and half for the employer. The process of transference to new ways to live implies the formation and building up of the urban set that clarifies the countryside contents in the forms of use of space, which express clear references to the peasant way of life. The ways of occupying the space and the building up of the place are taxes of the continuous social and spatial of abundance, of fertility and of religiosity, recomposed in the testimonies and in the practices of residents and in the maintenance of links with countryside, building an intermediate: neither countryside, neither urban. Assets.

Background: The prevalence of diabetes is disproportionately distributed in Central Appalachia compared with other regions in the U.S. Previous research reveals that nearly 65% and 17% of patients with diabetes reported having history of cardiovascular heart disease (CHD) and coronary artery disease (CAD) respectively. This study examined the prevalence of factors associated with subclinical atherosclerosis (measured as coronary artery calcium) in patients with diabetes in geographic locations of rural Central Appalachia. Methods: The study population consisted of 2479 asymptomatic individuals from the rural Central Appalachian region of Kentucky, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia between August 2012 and November 2016. Descriptive analysis was completed for the total sample size with sub analysis of individuals with diabetes. T-test was used for comparison of categorical (example: hypertension and physical inactivity) and continuous variables (example: age and BMI), respectively. In addition, multinomial logistic regression was conducted to assess the association between multiple risk factors including CAC scores, and geographic locations of patients with diabetes in rural Central Appalachia. Results: There was no significant difference between ages for diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Individual factors which are associated with diabetes include current CAC score (p<0.001, CI: 45.90 – 189.98), BMI (p<0.001, CI: 3.01 – 5.64), sedentary lifestyle (p<0.005, CI: 0.039 – 0.215), history of CAD (p<0.001, CI: 0.08 - 0.19), hypercholesterolemia (p<0.001, CI: 0.64 – 0.23), and hypertension (p<0.001, CI: 0.18 – 0.34). There was no significant correlation between geographic locations and diabetes. Among male and female genders, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, history of CAD, sedentary lifestyle, current CAC score, and BMI have a significant positive correlation with diabetes except for self-reported obesity which only has a significant positive correlation with the female gender. Conclusion: Individual factors remain associated with diabetes across the male and female genders regardless of the geographic locations of the diabetic patients in rural Appalachia. There is strong evidence that cardiovascular related factors could be associated with diabetes across both genders in rural Central Appalachia. We suggest the implementation of evidence-based public health strategies to address the modifiable behaviors that can improve the health of people in rural Central Appalachia.

No description available.

Human appearance is highly variable and depends on individual preferences, such as fashion, facial expression, and makeup. These preferences depend on many factors including a person's sense of style, what they are doing, and the weather. These factors, in turn, are dependent upon geographic location and time. In our work, we build computational models to learn the relationship between human appearance, geographic location, and time. The primary contributions are a framework for collecting and processing geotagged imagery of people, a large dataset collected by our framework, and several generative and discriminative models that use our dataset to learn the relationship between human appearance, location, and time. Additionally, we build interactive maps that allow for inspection and demonstration of what our models have learned.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:32:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Wania C F Cunha part 1.pdf: 2874121 bytes, checksum: 7b454d5193bcbba5893251cca8956f6a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-10 / The mainly theme about this research is the importance of the regional dynamic and the reflexes about the economic development and at the space intraurbano organization. As time goes by, Anápolis has benefited in the geography and strategy localization in the goiano regional site and national, that was so important to the growth and changes in its economy. We can observe that the economy in Anápolis had a good return about the changes in the estadual and regional changes, which its has a regional division in the works. By the way, this regional works division promotes important changes in the economies functions in Anápolis in the goiano site over the time, which one had a huge impact in the intraurbano anapolino site, mainly because of the dynamics&#8223; economies localization. It can be seen in the localization variation from the productive hegemonic activities and also from the urban improvements developed along the way. The bibliography review shows that for each economic activity developed in the 20th, had occurred a huge changes in the intraurbano site. Like an example, in 1935 the railroad had arrived, and this railroad besides being an excellent commercial connection in the state, formed a new economic center. In 1950, the city assumed the trade from the state, because the railroad and the economic center had changed to the southeast region, so the trade center moved near the BR-153. In 1970, DAIA (Distrito Agro-Industrial de Anápolis) had became Anápolis the most important trade center in Goiás and the most important industrial center, too. And nowadays the south region is the economic center in the city. Along the research we can show the most important facts that helped and allowed the city to became an important regional economic center and also helped the intraurbano development. Despite of the development in the historically city, we had the economics changes in 1990, in the intraurbana organization. In this period, DAIA´s implantation, we´ve research the economic importance in Anápolis and Goiás, in the cotemporary condition, and the influence in the intraurbano site structure. To reach our goals, we adopted some methodologies strategies, like: a) bibliography about the anapolino´s intraurbano site development; b) theoretical review about the mainly changes in the capitalists productive structures and the industrial districts emergency; c) secondary economics data collection ; d) documental datas about the main economic agents in the intraurbano south region, like DAIA, from EADI, Plataforma Logística Multimodal de Goiás, IGTF and the Arranjo Produtivo Farmacêutico from Goiás; e) researches and themes maps productions. The results had helped to identify the regional economics dynamic in Anápolis from 1990 and the reflexes in the intraurbano dynamic structure site in the state. / A presente pesquisa tem como temas centrais a importância de Anápolis na dinâmica regional e os reflexos desta no seu desenvolvimento econômico e na organização do espaço intraurbano. Anápolis, ao longo de sua história, se beneficiou da localização geográfica estratégica no espaço regional goiano e nacional, fato que foi determinante para seu crescimento e mudanças de sua economia. Observamos que a economia anapolina respondeu às demandas e às mudanças da economia estadual e nacional, dado o papel reservado a essa cidade na divisão regional do trabalho. Tal situação promoveu importantes mudanças nas funções econômicas desempenhadas por Anápolis no cenário goiano ao longo do tempo, as quais tiveram expressivo impacto na estruturação do espaço intraurbano anapolino, especialmente em relação à localização do centro dinâmico de sua economia. Isso pode ser comprovado pela variação da localização das atividades produtivas hegemônicas e também pelas melhorias urbanas ocorridas ao longo do tempo. A revisão bibliográfica indica que para cada atividade econômica desenvolvida ao longo do século XX ocorreram mudanças significativas no espaço intraurbano. Como exemplo pode-se destacar a chegada da ferrovia em 1935, que além de fazer de Anápolis o ponto de conexão comercial do estado, formou um novo centro econômico. Em 1950, com a emergência das rodovias, a cidade assumiu o setor atacadista do estado, com deslocamento do centro econômico para a região sudeste, tendo em vista a transferência do setor atacadista para próximo da BR-153. Já em 1970, a implantação do DAIA (Distrito Agro-Industrial de Anápolis) fez de Anápolis o principal centro industrial de Goiás e da indústria o principal setor econômico da cidade, fazendo com que a região sul se constituísse no atual centro econômico da cidade. Assim destacamos ao longo da pesquisa os fatores que permitiram a Anápolis assumir grande importância no contexto econômico regional e que também favoreceram seu desenvolvimento intraurbano. Apesar de proceder ao retrospecto histórico das principais fases do desenvolvimento dessa cidade, tivemos como foco temporal as mudanças econômicas ocorridas a partir de 1990, bem como os reflexos destas na organização intraurbana. Como nesse período a implantação do DAIA foi o principal agente promotor das mudanças, procedemos teoricamente à sua delimitação, ao levantamento de sua importância econômica para Anápolis e Goiás, à caracterização de sua condição contemporânea e, por fim, à sua influência para a estruturação do espaço intraurbano anapolino. Para alcançar tais objetivos, adotamos os seguintes procedimentos metodológicos: a) levantamento bibliográfico sobre a evolução do espaço intraurbano anapolino; b) revisão teórica a respeito das principais mudanças na estrutura produtiva capitalista e a emergência dos distritos industriais; c) levantamento de dados socioeconômicos secundários; d) levantamento documental sobre os principais agentes econômicos territorializados na região sul do espaço intraurbano, a exemplo do DAIA, da EADI, Plataforma Logística Multimodal de Goiás, IGTF e do Arranjo Produtivo Farmacêutico de Goiás; e) Pesquisa de campo e produção de mapas temáticos. Os resultados permitiram identificar a função de Anápolis na dinâmica econômica regional a partir de 1990 e os reflexos desta dinâmica na estruturação do espaço intraurbano do município.