De ökade utmaningarna världen står inför och det växande intresset för hållbara investeringar gör att företagens sociala ansvar blir en allt viktigare fråga. Forskare menar att detta sociala ansvar som förväntas från intressenterna har blivit ett problem för företagen, och som följd av detta har rapportering av sådan verksamhet blivit vanligare. Då det inte finns någon klarhet i definitionen för vad CSR innebär så är det upp till företagen själva att tolka uttrycket vilket kan leda till stora skillnader i vad de väljer att prioritera i linje med deras moraliska kriterier och värderingar. Vissa företag har en tendens att anpassa CSR-arbetet för att skapa uppmärksamhet efter de fördelar som finns, andra som ett sätt att tillfredsställa sina intressenter. Detta kritiseras för att ske istället för att genuint arbeta med socialt ansvarsfulla handlingar och implementera dessa i organisationen. Syftet med denna studie var att studera det existerade sambandet mellan CSR-arbete och lönsamhet, med fokus på europeiska företag. Vidare har studien inriktat sig på att studera detta samband tillsammans med tre kontrollvariabler, storlek, sett till antal anställda, sektor och geografisk position.Urvalet i studien bestod av 352 europeiska företag fördelade inom 11 sektorer som är kategoriserade efter Global Industry Classification Standard (GICS). Dessa har testats genom en stiganalys som är en sammansättning av bivariata- och multivariata regressionsanalyser, där även samtliga variabler inkluderades. Resultatet i studien indikerar bland annat att större företag arbetar mer med CSR men att det nödvändigtvis inte leder till högre lönsamhet. Vidare visar resultatet att sektor inte har någon betydelse för varken mängden CSR-arbete eller lönsamheten, resultatet visar snarare att sektor har en negativ effekt på lönsamheten. Slutligen visade studiens resultat att europeiska företags geografiska position inte innebär en större mängd CSR-arbete. Detta visar att oberoende av det land företaget är beläget i så innebär det nödvändigtvis inte mer CSR-arbete, samtidigt som resultatet visade att geografisk position kan ha en positiv inverkan på lönsamheten. / The increased challenge the world is facing and the growing interest and demands in sustainable investment make corporate social responsibility an increasingly and important questions for companies. Researchers even argue that this social responsibility that is expected from different stakeholders has become an issue for the companies, and as a result, reporting of such activities has become more common. Since there is no clear definition for what CSR means, it is up to the companies themselves to interpret the expression, which can lead to large differences in what they prioritize and work with. Some companies tend to adapt CSR in a way to draw attention to the benefits that exist, others as a way to satisfy their stakeholders. This is criticized for happening instead of genuinely working with socially responsible actions and implementing them in the organization. The purpose of this study was to examine the existing relationship between the CSR and profitability, focusing on European companies. Furthermore, the study has focused on examine this connection together with three control variables, firm size, in terms of number of employees, sector and geographical position.The selection in the study consisted of 352 European companies distributed in 11 sectors categorized according to the Global Industry Classification Standard (GICS) which has been tested in a path analysis which is a composition of bivariate and multivariate regression analysis, including all the variables. The results of the study indicate that larger companies work more with CSR in their organization, but it does not necessarily lead to a higher profitability. Furthermore, the result show that the sector has no significance meaning for the amount of CSR work or profitability, the result rather shows that the sector has a negative effect on profitability. Finally, the result showed that the geographical position of the European companies does not involve a greater amount of CSR work. This shows that, irrespective of the country in which the company is located, it does not necessarily mean more work with CSR, while the result showed that geographical position can have a positive effect on the profitability.

Felling of old trees as well as changes in land use and management of wooded pastures has led to the decline of biodiversity associated with old deciduous trees in Europe. This also applies to Sweden’s most species rich tree, the oak tree (Quercus robur), which changes with age and develops, for example, a rougher bark structure, deeper bark fissures and cavities. These give rise to several different microhabitats that favor the presence of lichens, mosses and wood-dependent organisms. To preserve the biodiversity, environmental conditions linked to a high diversity need to be identified and described, of which indicator species are a simplified way of measuring diversity. Epiphytic lichens are well-used indicators of environmental conditions because of their habitat specificity, longevity and sensitivity to air quality and humidity. In this study, the impact of regional (latitude, longitude and dominated landscape) and local (diameter and sun exposure) environmental variables on species richness and occurrence of epiphytic lichens on coarse oak trees (Quercus robur) were analyzed in meadows and pastures in southern Sweden with generalized linear models (GLM). A total number of 2346 oak trees were included in the study, of which about 47 % had presence of at least one of the studied lichen species. All environmental variables demonstrated significant effects on species richness, of which the regional had the greatest effect. Also with the species-specific analyses the same effect of the regional variables was found, while single species showed different requirements for the local factors. The results indicate that global warming may move the Swedish species composition more to the Northeast and that increased homogenization of the landscape may threaten the diversity attached to oaks. The results also demonstrate the importance of preserving a varied landscape with trees of different sizes, ages and different levels of sun exposure to accommodate a greater diversity of epiphytic species, but also other species linked to oak trees.

This work presents steps in creation of remote position tracking application. Document introduces history of geographical positioning and navigation, and describes development of navigation from primitive utilities to complex radio navigation systems. Global Positioning System is described in more detail including NMEA protocol used by GPS receivers. This work also presents several current navigation applications. Based on obtained information work presents analysis, object-oriented design and implementation of remote position tracking system.

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between the use of green environments in dementia nursing-homes depending on the staff's educational level, the geographical position of nursing-homes and the time the elderly spend in green environments. This was a cross-sectional survey study with a total of 49 assistant nurses working in retirement homes for elderly with dementia in Gävleborg county, Sweden. The survey included a series of questions derived from four hypotheses:  There was predicted to be a difference in 1.     the nursing assistants use of green spaces for the health of residents depending on the nursing homes geographical position, 2.     the use of green spaces for the health of residents depending on the educational level of nursing assistants, 3.     the time the elderly residents spend in the green spaces depending on the nursing homes geographical position, and 4.     the time the elderly residents spend in the green spaces depending on the educational level of nursing assistants. The data was analysed using the analysis program IBM SPSS Statistics, version 27. The study findings suggests that there might be a relationship between nursing assistants use of green spaces to promote the health of elderly and geographical position of the nursing home. Further research is needed to determine which factors are at play regarding nursing assistants’ use of green spaces for residents of nursing homes. / Syftet med detta arbete var att undersöka relationen mellan användandet av gröna miljöer på demensboenden beroende på personalens utbildningsnivå, boendens geografiska position och tiden de äldre vistas i gröna miljöer. Detta var en tvärsnitts enkätundersökning med totalt 49 undersköterskor som arbetar på äldreboenden för äldre med demens i Region Gävleborg Sverige. Enkäten inkluderade en rad frågor formulerade utifrån fyra forskningshypoteser:  Det finns en skillnad i 1.     undersköterskors användning av gröna miljöer för de äldres hälsa beroende på äldreboendens geografiska position, 2.     användningen av gröna miljöer för de äldres hälsa beroende på undersköterskornas utbildningsnivå, 3.     tiden då de äldre vistas i gröna miljöer beroende på äldreboendens geografiska position, 4.     tiden då de äldre vistas i gröna miljöer beroende på undersköterskornas utbildningsnivå. Rådatat analyserades med hjälp av analysprogrammet IBM SPSS Statistics, version 27. Studiens resultat tyder på att det kan finnas en relation mellan undersköterskors användning av gröna miljöer för att främja de äldres hälsa och äldreboendens geografiska position. Ytterligare forskning behövs för att fastställa vilka faktorer som påverkar undersköterskors användning av gröna miljöer för äldres hälsa på äldreboenden.

This master's project deals with location based systems and their application in information distribution. The work discuss kinds of getting actual location. Then it focuses on problems of developing applications and description of Microsoft technologies for mobile devices. Based on obtained theoretical information we present design, implementation and testing of our own location based system.