In today’s modern age, energy consumption has become a major issue, both from an environmental viewpoint and cost perspective. Because of a rapid technologic change and increased costs of production of electricity, the demand to develop effective methods for energy efficiency industries have grown.The electricity-intensive industries, such as plastic industry, the demand to reduce energy consumption has grown significantly over the past 10 years, which have led to the development of different methods to determine and locate energy-consuming parts in the industry. This also means being able to prioritize and organize activities in the industry.In this study the measurements of voltage, current, power and PF performance on injection molding machines (K-TEC 275 form Ferromatik Milacron in Germany) with a focus to locate, within a machine, various measures that could improve energy use in the plastics industry, in this case RostiGP in Gislaved. These measurements have been carried out with the help of a power quality clamp meter to carry out time logs of the machines for some time during normal word rate. Logging data were analyzed and documented to be used as a basis for access to various measures to improve energy use. In some cases it was carried out with calculations with the value and data from the company itself.While measuring, it was observed that the machines energy use was relatively well optimized for the terms and conditions as they have with their supplier (Gislaved Energy Ltd). This contributed to an improvement by only improving the PF would not be sufficiently to reduce consumption, but to reduce consumption you are forced to reduce the active power through the engine replacement or replacement of devices with new technology that can work more efficiently and cheaper. It also means that it is important to keep your system optimized and are well supervised to avoid unnecessary energy uses in your compressed air system of forgetting the lights in a premises where no staff staying for long periods. / I dagens moderna ålder så har energianvändningen blivit en stor fråga, både ur en miljösynpunkt som kostnadssynpunkt. P.g.a. den snabba tekniska utvecklingen samt förhöjda kostnader på produktion av elektricitet så har efterfrågan att ta fram effektiva metoder för att energieffektivisera industrier vuxit.Inom elintensiva industrier, såsom plastindustrin, så har efterfrågan att kunna minska energiförbrukningen vuxit markant de senaste 10 åren, vilket ha lett till utvecklingen av olika metoder för att kunna avgöra och lokalisera energikrävande punkter inom industrin. Det gäller också metoder för att kunna prioritera och organisera åtgärder som finns inom industrin.Inom denna studie så har mätningar inom spänning, ström, effekt och PF genomförts på formsprutningsmaskiner (K-TEC 275 av Ferromatik Milacron i Tyskland) med fokus att lokalisera, inom en maskintyp, olika åtgärder som skulle kunna förbättra energianvändningen inom plastindustrin, i detta fall RostiGP i Gislaved. Dessa mätningar har genomförts med hjälp av en effektanalysator för att kunna genomföra tidsloggningar på maskinerna under en viss tid under normal arbetstakt. Loggningarna som togs fram analyserades och dokumenterades för att kunna användas som ett underlag för att komma på olika åtgärder som skulle förbättra energianvändandet. I vissa fall så genomfördes beräkningar med värden och underlag som företaget själva bistod med.Under mätningens gång så kunde det observeras att maskinernas energianvändning var relativt bra optimerade efter de villkor och bestämmelser som de har med deras elleverantör (Gislaveds energi AB). Detta bidrog till att förbättringar genom att endast förbättra PF inte skulle vara tillräcklig effektivt för att kunna minska förbrukningen, utan för att kunna minska förbrukningen är man tvungen att minska den aktiva effekten genom maskinbyte eller byta ut olika enheter med ny teknik som kan arbeta effektivare och billigare. Det medför också att det är viktigt att hålla systemen optimerade och under god uppsikt för att undvika onödiga energianvändningar som läckage i tryckluftsystem eller att glömma lyset i en loka där ingen personal vistas under längre tid.

Avsikten med uppsatsen har varit att ur ett arbetskraftsinvandringsperspektiv nå en fördjupad kunskap och förståelse kring arbetskraftsinvandringen till Sverige med särskilt fokus på rekryteringen av utländsk arbetskraft till Svenska Gummifabrik AB åren 1962-1973, samt att utröna vilka effekter denna arbetskraftsinvandring har haft på samhället Gislaved. Jag har genomfört fyra öppna intervjuer med jugoslaviska arbetskraftsinvandrare från denna period och sedan jämfört de tankar jag tagit del av med relevanta källor samt litteratur om arbetskraftsinvandringens betydelse. Det gav mig förutsättningar att se hur den rekryterade arbetskraftsinvandrarens berättelser förhåller sig till allmänt accepterad litteratur i ämnet. Jag kan därigenom se om förhållandet skiljer sig på lokal och nationell nivå. Studien har resulterat i en ökad kunskap om hur arbetskraftsinvandringen har gått till och motiverats av Gummifabriken när arbetskraftsbehovet var som störst. Detta har jag genomfört med hjälp av bevarat arkivmaterial, litteraturstudier samt de djupintervjuer som genomförts. Undersökningens resultat visar att de invandrades tankar väl stämmer överens med de källor samt litteratur jag presenterar och undersökningen ger en förstärkt bild av redan skriven litteratur i ämnet. Kunskap som tillskrivs i undersökningen är en förstärkt bild av Gummifabrikens roll i att utveckla samhället Gislaved, något som inte hade gått utan arbetskraftsinvandringen.

This thesis aims at investigating the two municipality’s Gislaved and Ljungby. Where the aim is to see if there is any connections, between the type and the degree of public-private partnerships, and the municipalities obtained environment performance. In this essay the starting point is that the environmental performance in the chosen municipalities is good. Interviews among local politicians and representatives for the municipalities plastic industries, has functioned as a way to test the hypothesis. Gislaved and Ljungby have thereafter been compared, in order to see if there is any similarity in the sort and the degree of public-private partnerships, and how that will affect the environmental performance.   The overall questions in this essay are: How can the cooperation among the chosen municipalities and the      local business life be described? What kind of Public-private partnership      exists in the selected municipalities? Is there any difference between the municipalities, referring to      the degree of cooperation between the municipalities and the local      business life? Does the degree of cooperation affect the progress on the environmental      performance?   The end result shows that the local business life doesn’t have any impact on the environmental performance. Although the result just stands for the examined municipalities and cannot be seen as representative for the rest of Sweden´s municipalities.

<p>The local politicians in Sweden are responsible for a great deal of the welfare system why one would assume that there are a lot of demands put on them - demands for certain skills or a certain level of competence. I have in this study tried to find out how the demands on the local representatives concerning the demands for competence and the actual level of competence among the politicians are affecting the local politics. This was done through investigating how the local politicians are perceiving their level of competence and the demands put on them, but also how the employees are perceiving the demands and the level of competence put on the politicians. The study was made in the municipality of Gislaved in Southern Sweden. I was using both quantitative method (an opinion poll among the politicians and employees in the municipality) and qualitative method (interviews with three politicians and three employees and literature studies).</p><p>In order to investigate the demands for competence I split the concept into “soft” competence (socially and emotionally based skills), and “hard” competence (skills based on knowledge, education and experience). The demands for competence mentioned in the opinion-poll are both “soft” and “hard”: 62 % of the employees put demands of “hard” competence skills on the politicians. 61 % of the politicians put demands of “soft” competence skills on themselves. The interviewed respondents say that certain skills are needed for a certain political mission. I consider the demands for competence as rather high according to the result.</p><p>The local politicians are not, according to the opinion-poll, having the appropriate competence skills, though many of the respondents (56) answered that they have the competence to a certain degree. It is also noticeable that 33 out of 81 persons say that the employees are only having the competence needed to a certain degree. I consider the level of competence among the local politicians rather low according to the result.</p><p>The results from the investigations of the demands for competence and the level of competence were put into a model with different outcomes depending on if the level of competence and the demands for competence are high or low. The result from high demands for competence and a level of competence not answering fully to those demands is that these high demands of political skills may put a pressure on the politicians, which may lead to a higher level of competence, an increased quality on the local politics, create a higher degree of confidence in the politicians from the society and an increased interest in political participation, but the high demands could also lead to a feeling of incompetence among the politicians, and that less people will take interest in participating in politics as they wont consider themselves having the demanded skills. So increased demands of competence may lead to both quality and elitism. The non-existing demands of competence of today supports increased amateurism among the local decision makers, and an increase in the rule of experts. If a number of demands would be formalized they could on the other hand create barriers for marginalized groups participation in politics.</p>

The local politicians in Sweden are responsible for a great deal of the welfare system why one would assume that there are a lot of demands put on them - demands for certain skills or a certain level of competence. I have in this study tried to find out how the demands on the local representatives concerning the demands for competence and the actual level of competence among the politicians are affecting the local politics. This was done through investigating how the local politicians are perceiving their level of competence and the demands put on them, but also how the employees are perceiving the demands and the level of competence put on the politicians. The study was made in the municipality of Gislaved in Southern Sweden. I was using both quantitative method (an opinion poll among the politicians and employees in the municipality) and qualitative method (interviews with three politicians and three employees and literature studies). In order to investigate the demands for competence I split the concept into “soft” competence (socially and emotionally based skills), and “hard” competence (skills based on knowledge, education and experience). The demands for competence mentioned in the opinion-poll are both “soft” and “hard”: 62 % of the employees put demands of “hard” competence skills on the politicians. 61 % of the politicians put demands of “soft” competence skills on themselves. The interviewed respondents say that certain skills are needed for a certain political mission. I consider the demands for competence as rather high according to the result. The local politicians are not, according to the opinion-poll, having the appropriate competence skills, though many of the respondents (56) answered that they have the competence to a certain degree. It is also noticeable that 33 out of 81 persons say that the employees are only having the competence needed to a certain degree. I consider the level of competence among the local politicians rather low according to the result. The results from the investigations of the demands for competence and the level of competence were put into a model with different outcomes depending on if the level of competence and the demands for competence are high or low. The result from high demands for competence and a level of competence not answering fully to those demands is that these high demands of political skills may put a pressure on the politicians, which may lead to a higher level of competence, an increased quality on the local politics, create a higher degree of confidence in the politicians from the society and an increased interest in political participation, but the high demands could also lead to a feeling of incompetence among the politicians, and that less people will take interest in participating in politics as they wont consider themselves having the demanded skills. So increased demands of competence may lead to both quality and elitism. The non-existing demands of competence of today supports increased amateurism among the local decision makers, and an increase in the rule of experts. If a number of demands would be formalized they could on the other hand create barriers for marginalized groups participation in politics.