O presente trabalho tem como objetivo geral propor um método monetário de avaliação da sustentabilidade empresarial que contemple as dimensões econômica, ambiental e social. Para tanto, se propõe a: (i) estudar de forma exploratória o tema avaliação da sustentabilidade a fim de proporcionar uma maior familiarização com o mesmo e identificar suas lacunas; (ii) identificar a estrutura de avaliação da sustentabilidade a ser utilizada como base; (iii) monetizar os itens de avaliação da sustentabilidade empresarial; (iv) avaliar e aprimorar o método desenvolvido através da análise de especialistas e da aplicação do mesmo na realidade de uma empresa. O método proposto permite a avaliação da sustentabilidade empresarial em uma unidade de medida comumente utilizada pelas empresas, simples e compreensível, a unidade monetária, que possibilita a comparação direta em bases homogêneas. Além disso, a unidade monetária é muito importante para as empresas, visto que seu objetivo é gerar retorno financeiro. A avaliação global do desempenho da empresa é dada pelo soma dos custos ambientais e sociais e dos benefícios econômicos gerados. Quando o resultado for negativo, significa que os custos causados pela empresa são maiores que os benefícios e, portanto, a operação da mesma não traz vantagens para a sociedade, sendo recomendado que reverta essa situação ou pare de operar. Por outro lado, quando os benefícios forem maiores que os custos, a operação da empresa agrega valor para a sociedade. Entretanto, ressalta-se que a empresa deve sempre focar em minimizar custos ambientais e sociais. Assim, o método proposto contribui para orientar as empresas na busca de formas de atuação socialmente e ambientalmente benéficas, uma vez que orienta a diminuição dos custos relacionados a essas dimensões. O método demonstra como monetizar os itens de avaliação, a partir de dados da empresa e estimativas. Entende-se que o desafio de desenvolver um método com esta finalidade é grande, devido à complexidade das dimensões social, ambiental e econômica. Consequentemente, este trabalho apresenta uma estrutura completa de avaliação monetária da sustentabilidade empresarial, mas que deve ser considerada preliminar, aberta a complementações e aprimoramentos. / This study's main objective is to propose a corporate sustainability assessment monetary model that addresses the economic, environmental and social dimensions. For this, the thesis intends: (i) to study the sustainability assessment and identify gaps, (ii) to identify a framework for sustainability assessment to be used as a basis, (iii) to monetize the assessment items, (iv) to evaluate and improve the method through expert analysis and field application. The proposed model allows the corporate sustainability assessment in a unit of measure commonly used by companies, simple and understandable, the monetary unit, which allows direct comparison on homogeneous bases. Moreover, the monetary unit is very important for companies, since their goal is to generate financial return. The overall company assessment performance is given by the sum of the environmental and social costs and economic benefits. When the result is negative, it means that the costs incurred by the company are greater than the benefits, so the operation does not bring benefits to society and is recommended to reverse this situation or stop trading. On the other hand, when the benefits outweigh the costs, the operation of the company adds value to society. However, it is emphasized that the company should always focus on minimizing environmental and social costs. Thus, the model helps to guide companies on ways of acting socially and environmentally beneficial, since it guides the cost decrease in these dimensions. The model demonstrates how to monetize the assessment items from the enterprise data and estimates. It is understood that the challenge of developing a model for this purpose is large due to the complexity of social, environmental and economic issues. Consequently, this paper presents a complete corporate sustainability monetary assessment that should be considered a preliminary attempt, open to additions and improvements.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo geral propor um método monetário de avaliação da sustentabilidade empresarial que contemple as dimensões econômica, ambiental e social. Para tanto, se propõe a: (i) estudar de forma exploratória o tema avaliação da sustentabilidade a fim de proporcionar uma maior familiarização com o mesmo e identificar suas lacunas; (ii) identificar a estrutura de avaliação da sustentabilidade a ser utilizada como base; (iii) monetizar os itens de avaliação da sustentabilidade empresarial; (iv) avaliar e aprimorar o método desenvolvido através da análise de especialistas e da aplicação do mesmo na realidade de uma empresa. O método proposto permite a avaliação da sustentabilidade empresarial em uma unidade de medida comumente utilizada pelas empresas, simples e compreensível, a unidade monetária, que possibilita a comparação direta em bases homogêneas. Além disso, a unidade monetária é muito importante para as empresas, visto que seu objetivo é gerar retorno financeiro. A avaliação global do desempenho da empresa é dada pelo soma dos custos ambientais e sociais e dos benefícios econômicos gerados. Quando o resultado for negativo, significa que os custos causados pela empresa são maiores que os benefícios e, portanto, a operação da mesma não traz vantagens para a sociedade, sendo recomendado que reverta essa situação ou pare de operar. Por outro lado, quando os benefícios forem maiores que os custos, a operação da empresa agrega valor para a sociedade. Entretanto, ressalta-se que a empresa deve sempre focar em minimizar custos ambientais e sociais. Assim, o método proposto contribui para orientar as empresas na busca de formas de atuação socialmente e ambientalmente benéficas, uma vez que orienta a diminuição dos custos relacionados a essas dimensões. O método demonstra como monetizar os itens de avaliação, a partir de dados da empresa e estimativas. Entende-se que o desafio de desenvolver um método com esta finalidade é grande, devido à complexidade das dimensões social, ambiental e econômica. Consequentemente, este trabalho apresenta uma estrutura completa de avaliação monetária da sustentabilidade empresarial, mas que deve ser considerada preliminar, aberta a complementações e aprimoramentos. / This study's main objective is to propose a corporate sustainability assessment monetary model that addresses the economic, environmental and social dimensions. For this, the thesis intends: (i) to study the sustainability assessment and identify gaps, (ii) to identify a framework for sustainability assessment to be used as a basis, (iii) to monetize the assessment items, (iv) to evaluate and improve the method through expert analysis and field application. The proposed model allows the corporate sustainability assessment in a unit of measure commonly used by companies, simple and understandable, the monetary unit, which allows direct comparison on homogeneous bases. Moreover, the monetary unit is very important for companies, since their goal is to generate financial return. The overall company assessment performance is given by the sum of the environmental and social costs and economic benefits. When the result is negative, it means that the costs incurred by the company are greater than the benefits, so the operation does not bring benefits to society and is recommended to reverse this situation or stop trading. On the other hand, when the benefits outweigh the costs, the operation of the company adds value to society. However, it is emphasized that the company should always focus on minimizing environmental and social costs. Thus, the model helps to guide companies on ways of acting socially and environmentally beneficial, since it guides the cost decrease in these dimensions. The model demonstrates how to monetize the assessment items from the enterprise data and estimates. It is understood that the challenge of developing a model for this purpose is large due to the complexity of social, environmental and economic issues. Consequently, this paper presents a complete corporate sustainability monetary assessment that should be considered a preliminary attempt, open to additions and improvements.

Hållbarhet är idag ett högaktuellt ämne och svenska bolag är bland de bättre i världen på att redovisa sitt hållbarhetsarbete. Hållbarhetsredovisning har länge varit frivilligt och det kan vara svårt att se de bakomliggande motiven till bolagens frivilliga redovisning. Om motiven bakom den frivilliga redovisningen är svårbedömda minskar möjligheterna för intressenter att ta välinformerade investeringsbeslut. Genom en kvantitativ undersökning på svenska börsnoterade bolag är syftet med studien att undersöka hur branschtillhörighet, storlek och lönsamhet påverkar mängd hållbarhetsrelaterad information bolaget förmedlar. I den multivariata regressionsanalysen finner vi positiva samband mellan mängd hållbarhetsredovisning och de faktorer som undersökts vilket ligger i linje med tidigare forskning. Det starkaste variabelsambandet är det mellan storlek och mängd hållbarhetsredovisning. Däremot uppmättes inte signifikant samband för variabeln lönsamhet.

This Master´s Thesis is focused on reporting of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR reporting). The purpose of this thesis is to create CSR report for company Siemens Czech Republic for the year 2014. Theoretical part is dedicated to introduce the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility and Stakeholder concept. The next part is focused on relation between CSR concept and CSR reporting, its benefits and trends. The last theoretical part introduces applicable standards regarding CSR reporting, the attention is put on company GRI and its reporting framework. Practical part deals with Siemens Czech Republic, there is described process of reporting with disclosed CSR report for this chosen company. The version G3.0 of GRI standard was used for create this report.

Submitted by Carolina Jungmann Brito (carol@usina82.com.br) on 2018-08-28T21:22:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CarolinaJungmann-TrabalhoAplicado-V10.pdf: 1147572 bytes, checksum: 31e4b25d0ab4f33c2dee7ea9a0c0b07a (MD5) / Rejected by Simone de Andrade Lopes Pires (simone.lopes@fgv.br), reason: Prezada Carolina, O tema do trabalho anexo, está diferente do tema descrita na ATA. Excluir a palavra SUSTENTABILIDADE. Por favor, faça as alterações e submeta o trabalho novamente na biblioteca digital. Atenciosamente, Simone - SRA on 2018-08-30T17:33:13Z (GMT) / Submitted by Carolina Jungmann Brito (carol@usina82.com.br) on 2018-09-13T17:19:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CarolinaJungmann-TrabalhoAplicado-FINAL_13.09.18.pdf: 1164689 bytes, checksum: 535002a9def86af27f3e94a1a97045e1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Simone de Andrade Lopes Pires (simone.lopes@fgv.br) on 2018-09-14T19:58:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 CarolinaJungmann-TrabalhoAplicado-FINAL_13.09.18.pdf: 1164689 bytes, checksum: 535002a9def86af27f3e94a1a97045e1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzane Guimarães (suzane.guimaraes@fgv.br) on 2018-09-17T13:07:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 CarolinaJungmann-TrabalhoAplicado-FINAL_13.09.18.pdf: 1164689 bytes, checksum: 535002a9def86af27f3e94a1a97045e1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-17T13:07:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CarolinaJungmann-TrabalhoAplicado-FINAL_13.09.18.pdf: 1164689 bytes, checksum: 535002a9def86af27f3e94a1a97045e1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-03 / Este estudo de caso investigou a capacidade de accountability do Itaú Unibanco em seus relatórios de sustentabilidade anuais conforme as diretrizes GRI ao longo dos anos de 2008 a 2017. A análise teve como pano de fundo a Teoria dos Stakeholders (FREEMAN, 1984) e envolveu a aplicação do framework proposto por Bouten et al. (2011) para avaliação da completude e abrangência dos relatórios, além de entrevista com a executiva de sustentabilidade do Itaú Unibanco. Os resultados obtidos evidenciam uma trajetória de contínuo aprimoramento na qualidade do relato do banco, com níveis de abrangência superiores a 80% nos últimos três anos. A pesquisa também mostrou a conexão entre as práticas de relato e a definição e atualização da estratégia de sustentabilidade da instituição, ambas amparadas no diálogo com stakeholders. Este trabalho contribui para ampliar o conhecimento sobre experiências empresariais e pode servir de referência para futuras avaliações sobre o Itaú Unibanco ou outras companhias do setor financeiro. / This case study investigated Itaú Unibanco's accountability capacity in its annual sustainability reports according to the GRI guidelines throughout the years of 2008 and 2017. The analysis was based on Stakeholders Theory (FREEMAN, 1984) and involved application of the framework proposed by Bouten et al. (2011) to evaluate the completeness and comprehensiveness of the reports, as well as an interview with Itaú Unibanco's sustainability executive. The results show a continuous improvement in the quality of the bank's report, with comprehensiveness levels above 80% in the last three years. The research also highlighted the connection between reporting practices and the definition and updating of the institution's sustainability strategy, both supported by the dialogue with stakeholders. This work contributes to increase knowledge about business experiences and can serve as a reference for future evaluations of Itaú Unibanco or other companies in the financial sector.

The fashion industry is the third largest manufacturing industry in the world. Companies’ sustainability reports contain the organization's social, economic and environmental work. Comparability is a necessary principle for stakeholders to make investment decisions between companies based on their sustainability reports. Voluntary sustainability reporting has recently become more common. Furthermore, states årsredovisningslagen (ÅRL) in Sweden that certain companies are obliged to prepare sustainability reports. In the US, on the other hand, there are no requirements for companies to report about sustainability. The comparability between companies' sustainability reports is improved by following Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) standards. The purpose of the study is to make a comparison between Swedish and American companies' sustainability reports and within each country in the fashion industry. The aim is to see how well companies’ sustainability reports in the US and Sweden follow the principle of comparability in terms of indicators in GRI's standards. To investigate this, a quantitative and qualitative method have been used. Theories used in the investigation to study comparability in American and Swedish clothing companies are the institutional theory and the legitimacy theory. The study shows that comparability is generally deficient between the US and Sweden and within each country. Worst comparability was found between Sweden and the US but within each country, Sweden had the best comparability

Title: International standards in sustainability reports: The differences in applicationbetween the EU and the USA. Level: Bachelor Authors: Anna Wallberg & Sofia Lundgren Supervisor: Jan SvanbergDate: 2024 – January Background: Non-financial accounting and reporting is relevant in today's societybecause society has become more aware and involved in sustainability issues. Researchers and decision-makers have difficulty agreeing on what is essential in nonfinancial reporting, thus different methods have arisen from different directives, whichresult in complicated consequences. Purpose: To analyze information within non-financial reporting in the US, and examinedifferences in the use of methods. The study is based on GRI standards against SASB'sguidelines. Method: The study uses a quantitative method and a deductive approach to examinenon-financial information from the US. Results & Conclusion: Policies and objectives are equally essential between GRI andSASB, however, a difference can be detected in the substantial effects that are reported. The study found a clear contrast in the materiality of the non-financial reports, and theydepend on the direction the standardization organizations choose to focus on. Contribution: The study has contributed to the research area by showing that there arelarge differences in information, regarding the substantial effects in environmentalreporting regarding the non-financial reports. Continued research: One recommendation is to carry out an in-depth study, whichexamines the underlying factors why companies choose not to report all substantialeffects in their non-financial reports. Keywords: Corporate social responsibility (CSR), ESG, SASB, Global reportinginitiative (GRI), Sustainability reporting / Titel: Internationella standarder inom hållbarhetsrapporter: Skillnaderna inomtillämpningen GRI och SASB:s ramverk i USA Nivå: Examensarbete på grundnivå (kandidatexamen) i ämnet företagsekonomi Författare: Anna Wallberg och Sofia Lundgren Handledare: Jan Svanberg Datum: 2024 - Januari Bakgrund: Icke-finansiell redovisning och rapportering är aktuellt i dagens samhälle pågrund av att samhället har blivit mer medvetet och involverad i hållbarhetsfrågor. Forskare samt beslutsfattare har svårt att enas om vad som är väsentligt inom ickefinansiell rapportering, därmed har olika metoder uppstått från skilda direktiv, somresulterar i komplicerade konsekvenser. Syfte: Att analysera upplysningar inom icke-finansiell rapportering i USA, samtundersöka skillnader inom användandet av metoder. Studien utgår från GRI-standarderkontra SASB:s riktlinjer. Metod: Studien använder sig av en kvantitativ metod samt en deduktiv ansats för attundersöka icke-finansiell information från USA. Resultat och slutsats: Policys och mål är likvärdigt väsentlig mellan GRI och SASB,dock kan skillnader upptäckas i de substantiella effekterna som påverkar och rapporteras. Studien upptäckte en tydlig kontrast när det gäller väsentligheten i de ickefinansiella rapporterna, och dessa beror på den inriktningstandardiseringsorganisationerna väljer att fokusera på. Examensarbetets bidrag: Studien har bidragit till forskningsområdet genom att visa attdet finns stora skillnader inom upplysningar, när det gäller de substantiella effekterna imiljörapportering beträffande de icke-finansiella rapporterna. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: En rekommendation är att uträtta en fördjupande studie,som undersöker de bakomliggande faktorerna till varför företag väljer att inte rapporteraalla substantiella effekter i sina icke-finansiella rapporter. Nyckelord: CSR, ESG, SASB, GRI, hållbarhetsrapportering

Thinking sustainably is becoming increasingly important among companies. Today, there are demands from both stakeholders and the law to conduct sustainable operations. Companies have a social and ethical responsibility to achieve competitive advantage and a good corporate reputation. This is one reason why more and more companies today establish sustainability reports for their operations. It can be questioned whether the sustainability report is sufficient or if it is deficient. This study describes and explains the content of the sustainability report by analyzing the adequacy of the report and how it may develop in the near future. The essay is based on interviews with eleven respondents who are divided into four professional groups, accountants, companies, investors and academics. These professional groups have contributed an external and internal perspective to the sustainability report, which has provided a deeper understanding of the subject. The essay is based on a qualitative method with a deductive approach. There, the data material has been analyzed with the help of the theory section in order to be able to answer the essay's purpose and questions. The conclusion of the study is that the sustainability report is deficient, which is due to a lack of framework and regulation. The new regulation and framework of the future is well needed, but there is a clear doubt about the implementation.

Thesis (MPhil (Public Management and Planning))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / This project proposal has as its topic a communications and change management project within Anglo Platinum, called the G3 Project. It is being submitted as an integrated assignment for the MPhil programme on sustainable development in the Department of Public Management and Planning at Stellenbosch University and is also intended for consideration by the executive management of Anglo Platinum. The G3 Project proposal document has been drafted based on the logical framework analysis (LFA) approach and format envisaged by Örtengren (2004). LFA is a widely accepted methodology for setting out project proposals. It provides a basis for identifying a problem in society, and for analysing its causes and effects. This then provides a basis upon which to identify actions that will address the causes of the problem. This project proposal covers each of the nine stages of the LFA guidelines, as follows: context analysis; stakeholder analysis; problem analysis; objectives analysis; plan of activities; resource planning; indicators; risk analysis; and assumptions. The focal problem of the analysis is that corporate sustainable development reporting has become mostly a bureaucratic, “tick-box process” under Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) 2002 guidelines. As Confino (2008) has alerted us, “There is a risk that sustainability reporting will not inspire deep change, but could become a dry bureaucratic diversion.” Therefore, the overall objective of the project is to ensure that corporations use their sustainable development reports to make ambitious commitments to sustainability, as a means of addressing global sustainability challenges. Its purpose is to ensure that Anglo Platinum’s sustainability reporting, compiled using the GRI G3 guidelines, is used as a vehicle for the company to make ambitious commitments to addressing the material societal sustainability issues over which it has control; and results in fundamental changes in the company’s business processes. The outputs of the G3 Project, which are designed to meet the project’s purpose, include compiling the 2008 Anglo Platinum sustainable development report in line with the requirements to meet the GRI’s G3 B+ self-declaration level;1 setting ambitious, sustainability-related targets and developing management plans to address Anglo Platinum’s material sustainability issues; and ensuring that the 2009 Anglo Platinum sustainable development report is structured and in line with GRI’s A+ requirements. For these outputs to be achieved, a budget of R8 million will need to be made available for the G3 Project over the next three years. Questions may be raised about what the business case is for doing such a project. However, according to a recent Globescan/SustainAbility survey of corporations, academics, NGOs and sustainable development experts, the reason why it is important for companies in general to address those social sustainability challenges over which they have control is that they are believed to be key players, more so than governments and non-governmental organisations (NGOs), in providing leadership on sustainable development over the next ten years. This was reiterated by Hart (2005), who states that corporations are the only entities in the world today with the technology, capacity and global reach required to lead us towards a sustainable world. This project proposal is directed at the executive management of Anglo Platinum, for its consideration in deciding the future path of sustainable development reporting -- and of sustainability itself -- within the company.

Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2007. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Corporate governance in South Africa was institutionalised by the publication of the King Report on Corporate Governance in 1994. The King Reports were set up to ensure transparency and accountability within companies. The second King Report on corporate governance for South Africa was released in 2002 and compliance with certain aspects of the report made compulsory as a listing requirement for companies trading on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange in 2003. These requirements adopt an approach of comply or explain, and companies have to report on whether they comply with the recommendations of the second King report, or have to explain the reason for such non-compliance. In 2004 the Johannesburg Stock Exchange launched the SRI Index with the aim to facilitate investment in such companies that have adopted the triple bottom line approach to reporting. The Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) develops and disseminates globally applicable sustainability reporting guidelines which provide a framework for reporting on an organisation’s economic, environmental, and social performance. The first draft guidelines of the GRI were released in 1999 and updated in 2002. The third generation (3G) of the reporting guidelines were released in October 2006. The focus of this research project was to conduct a survey on all companies that are listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange All Share Index as well as the companies listed on the JSE SRI Index, with the aim of giving some insight into the development of corporate governance and sustainability reporting applied by South African companies. The findings of the 2006 study were compared to the findings of a similar study on compliance on integrated sustainability reporting done in 2004, and trends were identified, analysed and discussed. Specific focus was placed on the reporting on issues of climate change, biodiversity and compliance with applicable sector charters. The 2006 survey established that overall reporting on sustainability and governance issues has improved, that companies are publishing additional detail on the implementation of BEE and transformation policies and that corporate governance and ethical compliance have been entrenched in the companies’ corporate culture. Environmental management is the matter that was least reported on. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Korporatiewe bestuur in Suid Afrika was geinstitusionaliseer deur die publikasie van die King Verslag oor Korporatiewe Bestuur in 1994. Die King Verslag was ontwikkel om deursigtigheid en aanspreeklikheid in maatskappye te verseker. Die tweede Verslag oor Korporatiewe Bestuur in Suid Afrika was vrygestel in 2002 met sekere aspekte van die verslag wat verpligtend is as ’n maatskappy wil noteer op die Johannesburgse Effektebeurs. Die verslag vereis van maatskappye om ’n standpunt in te neem van voldoening of verduideliking. Die maatskappy moet ’n verslag inlewer om redes te verskaf hoekom hulle voldoen aan die regulasies, of verduidelik hoekom hulle nie aan die regulasies van die tweede King Verslag voldoen het nie. In 2004 het die Johannesburgse Effektebeurs die SRI Indeks bekend gestel met die doel van fasilitasie vir beleggings in maatskappye wat die ’triple bottom line’ standpunt aanwend. Die ’Global Reporting Initiative’ ontwikkel en versprei globale riglyne vir ’triple bottom line’ verslagdoening – dit verskaf 'n raamwerk vir verslagdoening van ’n organisasie se ekonomiese, omgewings en sosiale optrede. Die eerste stel riglyne is vrygestel in 1999 en aangepas in 2002. Die derde generasie van die riglyne is vrygestel in Oktober 2006. Die fokus van die navorsing was alle maatskappye wat op die JSE All Share Indeks geregistreer is asook die maatskappye wat deel vorm van die JSE SRI Indeks, met die doel om insig te gee in die ontwikkeling van korporatiewe maatreëls en verslagdoening wat toegepas word deur Suid Afrikaanse maatskappye. Die resultate van die 2006 studie is vergelyk met resultate van ’n soortgelyke studie in 2004. Spesifieke fokus was geplaas op verslagdoening oor sake met betrekking tot klimaatsverandering, biodiversiteit en voldoening met toepaslike sektor verslae. Die 2006 ondersoek het bevind dat algehele verslagdoening verbeter het; dat maatskappye verdere inligting beskikbaar stel oor die implementasie van swart ekonomiese bemagtiging, transformasie beleid en korporatiewe bestuur; en dat etiese voldoening ge-integreer was in die maatskapy se korporatiewe kultuur.