The world economy has changed dramatically over the last three decades in the twentieth century, especially in the areas of international trade and industrial organization. Within this new global configuration, markets have expanded and affected the industries organization and the value chain of companies, requiring new policies from countries to deal with changes in international environment. This thesis aims to analyze the Global Value Chain (GVC) of poultry meat produced by the agribusiness Mais Frango Miraguaí LTDA, in Rio Grande do Sul/Brazil, and to determine, from this company, the origin of their export competitiveness. Thus, the GVC of agribusiness Mais Frango Miraguaí Ltda was described; the stimuli for poultry breeders and for the slaugterhouse in GVC were determined; the competitive advantage of agribusiness in the production of poultry meat to international market was evaluated; and the effects of policies over financial costs in GVC were identified. For this, were analyzed the agribusiness GVC, through interviews with company managers, technical assistance and farmers, and data were collected considering production costs, referring to September 2015. The coordinator link of GVC is the slaugterhouse, adding to this upstream farmers and other input suppliers, and downstream the consumer market, domestic and external market. The competitiveness of the chain was analyzed by the Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM), which has proven its efficiency with Shawarma product produced (breast and boneless drumstick in a whole piece). The GVC is competitive, since it presents private prices and profits, it has comparative advantage, and the social profits are also positive, even the chain being aggravated by taxes and social charges. It was found that the captive coordination, through the existing integration agreements between the slaugterhouse and the producer, the use of high genetic standard, strict sanitary management, efficient management and product value added, are the main competitive elements of this chain. / A economia mundial mudou acentuadamente nas últimas três décadas do século XX, especialmente nas áreas de comércio internacional e organização industrial. Dentro dessa nova configuração global os mercados ampliaram e afetaram a organização das indústrias e a cadeia de valor das empresas, exigindo novas políticas dos países para fazer frente às alterações no ambiente internacional. Esta tese tem por objetivo analisar a Cadeia de Valor Global (CVG) da carne de frango produzida pela agroindústria Mais Frango Miraguaí Ltda., no Rio Grande do Sul, e determinar, a partir da empresa, a fonte de sua competitividade nas exportações. Desta forma foi descrita a CVG da agroindústria Mais Frango Miraguaí Ltda.; determinou-se os estímulos para os criadores de frango e para o frigorífico na CVG; foi avaliada a vantagem competitiva da agroindústria na produção de carne de frango para o mercado internacional; e identificou-se os efeitos das nos custos praticados na CVG. Para tal foram analisadas a CVG da agroindústria, através de entrevistas com os gestores da empresa, com a assistência técnica e com produtores rurais, e foram coletados dados relacionados aos custos de produção, referentes à setembro de 2015. O elo coordenador da CVG é o frigorífico, tendo este a montante os produtores rurais e demais fornecedores de insumos, e a jusante o mercado consumidor, no mercado interno e externo. A competitividade da cadeia foi analisada por meio da Matriz de Análise de Políticas (MAP), onde se comprovou sua eficiência com o produto Shawarma (peito e coxas desossadas em uma peça inteira) produzido pelo estabelecimento representativo. A CVG é competitiva, visto que esta apresenta lucros a preços privados e possui vantagem comparativa, sendo que os lucros sociais são também positivos, mesmo a cadeia sendo agravada pela carga tributária e encargos sociais. Constatou-se que a coordenação cativa, através dos contratos de integração existente entre o frigorífico e o produtor, a utilização de alto padrão genético, rigoroso manejo sanitário, gerenciamento eficiente e agregação de valor ao produto, são os principais elementos que constituem a competitividade desta cadeia.

The dissertation is a case study focusing on supplier development (SD) practices of SMEs in information technology outsourcing (ITO) sector. From the dyadic perspective, the research explored three key issues: (1) supplier development activities of SME firms in ITO sector, (2) the role of supplier willingness in supplier selection and development process and (3) the motivations of suppliers to participate in the SD programs with the client. The results from this case study contribute to the knowledge in SME supplier development practices and client-supplier relationship management. Specifically, the contribution is explored from the ITO sector, with respect to the influence of supplier willingness in SME supplier selection, SD practice in ITO sector and the motivations of suppliers to participate in such activities with the client.

The Swedish game industry has seen tremendous growth and a global impact in the market. Despite the successes there is a lack of research on the matter. By exploring the global value chains of game companies in Skövde (a game industry hub in Sweden) the thesis intends to generate understanding of and map out value chain paths along with identifying critical factors for future growth and maintenance of the leading position in the market. A comprehensive overview of the industry cluster case of Skövde has been achieved through the use of semi-structured interviews with six local game companies. As a result of the study confirmation and extension of the thesis grand theory, the GVC literature, was achieved. A number of critical factors for practical utilization were identified, specifically the relationship with the publisher, the developer’s passion for the project & creative freedom together with contacts in the industry.  A number of scientific contributions have been made through our research. By exploring the GVC in a previously under-researched context we have made a contribution by confirming previous theory as well as laying a base for future research and an extension of the literature in the institutional context-section of the GVC literature. The critical factors findings have the potential of a direct impact on the practical management of the business side of the industry. Finally, as a result of the discovery of close connections with the Transaction Cost Analysis (TCA), Resource Dependency Theory (RDT) and Relational Exchange Theory (RET) theories we have laid the groundwork for future research in these areas as well. / Den svenska spelindustrin har sett en stor tillväxt och har en påverkan på den globala marknaden. Trots framgångarna råder en brist på forskning inom området. Genom att utforska den globala värdekedjan hos spelföretag i Skövde (ett nav för spelindustrin i Sverige) ämnar studien att generera en förståelse av och att kartlägga den globala värdekedjan samt identifiera kritiska faktorer för framtida tillväxt och upprätthållandet av den ledande positionen i marknaden. En omfattande översikt av industri-klustret i Skövde har uppnåtts genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med sex lokala spelföretag. Som resultat av studien har uppsatsens bas-teori, GVC-litteraturen, bekräftats och utvidgats. Ett antal kritiska faktorer för praktisk användning identifierades, specifikt relationen med publiceraren, utvecklarnas passion för projektet & kreativ frihet tillsammans med kontakter inom industrin. Ett antal teoretiska bidrag har frambringats genom vår forskning. Genom att undersöka GVC i en tidigare underforskad kontext har vi bidragit genom att bekräfta tidigare teori samt lagt grunden för framtida forskning och utvidgning av det institutionella kontextavsnittet inom GVC-litteraturen. Upptäckten av de kritiska faktorerna har potential för en direkt inverkan på den praktiska förvaltningen av industrins affärssida. Slutligen, som ett resultat av studien upptäckte vi nära anknytningar med teorier som Transaction Cost Analysis (TCA), Resource Dependency Theory (RDT) and Relational Exchange Theory (RET) vilket innebär att vi lagt en grund för framtida forskning även inom dessa områden.

This research has aimed to understand supply chain resilience in the federal government, specifically healthcare PPE supply chain resilience. The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated the fragility of global supply chains. Before COVID-19, low-cost medical supplies such as personal protective equipment (PPE), which typically requires less skilled labor, had been produced in China and Malaysia and imported to the United States. However, COVID-19 created an overwhelming shortage in medical supplies globally, forcing the United States to create federal policies that could make their domestic supply chain lines more resilient to external disruptions. This research explored the effects of one such policy intervention, the “Making PPE in America Act” of 2021, on maintaining healthcare supply chain resilience of the healthcare supply chains for non-military areas of the U.S. government. Two qualitative studies were conducted to examine the federal government’s response to this issue and its impact on the industry. The research provides valuable insights into the resilience of the healthcare supply chains for non-military areas of the U.S. federal government. It enhances limited scholarly literature on healthcare supply chain resilience through the lens of U.S. civilian healthcare federal government organizations. The research highlights the importance of an organizational-level definition of supply chain resilience, which should be articulated throughout the organization to ensure a holistic approach. It also recommends incorporating technologies to facilitate predictive analytics, real-time data, and technology automation. Federal agencies and industry partners can use this research to develop and implement strategies to improve or, in some cases, create strategies that will positively impact their supply chain resilience posture.Keywords: Global value chain, healthcare, personal protective equipment, reflexive thematic analysis, supply chain resilience / Business Administration/International Business Administration

L’objet de cette thèse est de déterminer l’effet des normes environnementales sur lecommerce du Textile-Habillement et d’analyser les stratégies adoptées dans ce cadre par lespays en développement, plus particulièrement, par la Tunisie. Les exigencesenvironnementales, volontaires et obligatoires, ont touché essentiellement la branche textile etpourraient se substituer aux instruments traditionnels de protectionnisme après ledémantèlement de l’Accord multifibres en 2005. Les résultats des analyses statistiques etéconométriques montrent un effet positif de la certification environnementale sur lesexportations de certains produits d’habillement vers le marché européen signalant ainsil’importance de cette nouvelle tendance. L’étude est affinée autour du positionnement desfirmes tunisiennes sur la chaîne globale de valeur du Textile-Habillement et des stratégiesadoptées afin de faire face à ces normes environnementales. Nos résultats montrent ladifficulté des firmes tunisiennes à réussir une remontée industrielle. Les exigencesenvironnementales inhibent leur passage de la sous-traitance à la co-traitance. Ellesaccentuent également leur dépendance envers les fournisseurs européens de textile. La thèses’interroge en dernier lieu sur l’intérêt du programme « Tunisian Ecolabel » et sur lesdéterminants de l’adoption de la certification environnementale par les firmes tunisiennes duTextile-Habillement. / The purpose of this thesis is to determine the effect of environmental standards on trade inTextile-Apparel products and to analyse the strategies adopted by developing countries, withspecific reference to Tunisia. Voluntary and mandatory environmental requirements havemainly affected the textile industry and could replace traditional instruments of protectionismafter the dismantling of the Multifibre Arrangement in 2005. The result of statistical andeconometric analysis indicates a positive effect of environmental certification on exports ofcertain apparel products towards the European market denoting the importance of this newtrend. The study is focused upon the Tunisian firms’ positioning in the global value chain ofTextile-Apparel industry and strategies which they will have to implement in order to be ableto meet environmental standards. Our results show the difficulty of Tunisian firms to besuccessful in industrial upgrading. Environmental requirements heighten their dependence onEuropean suppliers of the textile industry and prevent the transition from the originalequipment assembly to original Equipment Manufacturer. Lastly, the thesis discusses theeffectiveness of “Tunisian Ecolabel” program and the determinants for adopting theenvironmental certifications by Tunisian firms’ of the Textile-Apparel industry.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-13T14:10:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MARIA LAURA FERRANTY MAC LENNAN.pdf: 2358354 bytes, checksum: 3564a399dbcaea30be5186a2f99a7df2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-20 / This research explores the effects of value chains governance for upgrading in the cluster of ornamental rocks in Espírito Santo, Brazil. The quantitative methodology was used to achieve the proposed objectives and respond to the research problem. More specifically, a survey of 32 companies affiliated to the Centro Rochas was conducted. Those are located in the regions of Cachoeiro do Itapemirim and Serras, at the State of Espírito Santo. Data were analyzed using parametric and nonparametric statistical techniques, given the type of sampling distribution. The results show that firms in the cluster are embedded in market type value chains governance, export performance has no direct relationship with the percentage exported and, finally, the firm s upgrading and their marketing investments impact on their competivity in export sales. / A presente dissertação verifica os efeitos da governança das cadeias de valor no upgrading das empresas do cluster de rochas ornamentais do Espírito Santo, Brasil. A metodologia quantitativa foi utilizada para atingir os objetivos propostos e responder ao problema de pesquisa. Mais especificamente foi conduzida uma survey com 32 empresas filiadas ao Centro Rochas, localizadas nas regiões de Cachoeiro do Itapemirim e Serras, Espírito Santo. Os dados foram analisados com o uso de técnicas estatísticas paramétricas e não paramétricas, dado o tipo de distribuição amostral. Os resultados indicam que as empresas do cluster estão inseridas em cadeias de valor de governança do tipo mercado, o desempenho exportador não apresenta relação direta com os percentuais exportados e finalmente que o upgrading das empresas e seus investimentos em marketing impactam na competitividade de suas vendas para o mercado externo.

Submitted by Odilio Hilario Moreira Júnior (odilio@espm.br) on 2016-11-29T16:01:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Laura Ferranty Mac Lennan.pdf: 2358354 bytes, checksum: 3564a399dbcaea30be5186a2f99a7df2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Odilio Hilario Moreira Júnior (odilio@espm.br) on 2016-11-29T16:01:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Laura Ferranty Mac Lennan.pdf: 2358354 bytes, checksum: 3564a399dbcaea30be5186a2f99a7df2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Odilio Hilario Moreira Júnior (odilio@espm.br) on 2016-11-29T16:09:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Laura Ferranty Mac Lennan.pdf: 2358354 bytes, checksum: 3564a399dbcaea30be5186a2f99a7df2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-29T19:37:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Laura Ferranty Mac Lennan.pdf: 2358354 bytes, checksum: 3564a399dbcaea30be5186a2f99a7df2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-20 / This work verifies the effects of governance of value chains upgrading of enterprises in the cluster of ornamental Espírito Santo, Brazil. The quantitative methodology was used to achieve the proposed objectives and respond to the research question. More specifically we conducted a survey of 32 companies affiliated to the Centre Rocks, located in the regions of Itapemirim and saws, Holy Spirit. Data were analyzed using parametric and non-parametric statistical techniques, given the type of sample distribution. The results indicate that firms in the cluster are embedded in value chains governance market type, the export performance has no direct relationship with the percentage exported and finally the upgrading of enterprises and their marketing investments impacting on the competitiveness of their sales to the foreign market. / A presente dissertação verifica os efeitos da governança das cadeias de valor no upgrading das empresas do cluster de rochas ornamentais do Espírito Santo, Brasil. A metodologia quantitativa foi utilizada para atingir os objetivos propostos e responder ao problema de pesquisa. Mais especificamente foi conduzida uma survey com 32 empresas filiadas ao Centro Rochas, localizadas nas regiões de Cachoeiro do Itapemirim e Serras, Espírito Santo. Os dados foram analisados com o uso de técnicas estatísticas paramétricas e não paramétricas, dado o tipo de distribuição amostral. Os resultados indicam que as empresas do cluster estão inseridas em cadeias de valor de governança do tipo mercado, o desempenho exportador não apresenta relação direta com os percentuais exportados e finalmente que o upgrading das empresas e seus investimentos em marketing impactam na competitividade de suas vendas para o mercado externo.

This thesis adds the market orientation approach to a global value chain analysis of four farmed seafood value chains from two Asian countries to the EU. The overall aim of the research is to critically evaluate whether, and to what extent, access to market information is the key to unlocking the potential of developing countries to create greater value: whether knowledge is power. The objectives of the thesis are therefore to explore the process of generating market information in seafood value chains from Asia to the EU; understand under what conditions market information is, is not or is only partially disseminated; and, evaluate the role of market information in responses by chain agents that create value. In order to achieve these objectives, fieldwork was conducted along the length of shrimp (Penaeus monodon) and prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) from Bangladesh, and shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) and tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) from Thailand to the EU. The EU is the world’s largest single market for imported fish and fishery products. France, Germany and the UK were selected for fieldwork as they are primary importers of the species from the selected countries. The research found that although increased knowledge is necessary, it is not a sufficient condition for increased value creation. Instead, the research advances existing understanding of seafood value chains by revealing that successful integration of developing country producers into global markets is partly dependent on governance and industry development in the exporting country. Weaknesses in these structures and relationships undermine supplier power by reducing access to market information, lessening incentives for sharing information, and restricting response capabilities. A number of methods for overcoming these constraints were found in the chains examined, focusing on direct links between market and value chain agents. Importantly, the research found that integration is also dependent on the willingness of those with a market presence in importing countries to share knowledge and power. Critically, the research has led to the conclusion that the possession of market information is one way for value chain agents, particularly those downstream, to guard knowledge and power for themselves. A better understanding of seafood markets and an improved analysis of aquaculture value chains from Asian countries to the EU revealed through the research will facilitate public and private responses that focus on the competitive advantage of the whole chain as a means to more sustainable development. This may well promote new chain configurations that place a premium on stronger and more collaborative linkages, increasing coordination between weak and strong suppliers and contribute to private sector development assistance. Only when knowledge is shared and suppliers gain power, will the market orientation of seafood value chains be improved, if not optimised.

Notre thèse traite des compétences nécessaires à acquérir afin que les agricultures familiales puissent être incluses durablement dans une Global Value Chain. Nous y développons une grille de lecture de ces compétences, afin de rendre les coopératives capables de gérer leur Supply Chain Management. L’approche par compétences consiste en un apprentissage plus concret, plus actif et plus durable. Il met donc l’accent sur la capacité d’utiliser concrètement ce qui a été appris dans des tâches et situations nouvelles et complexes.Les difficultés des petits agriculteurs remontent à longtemps. Plusieurs études sont été développés pour résoudre leurs principaux problèmes. Ceux-ci comprennent la production à petite échelle, l’obtention du marché pour ces produits, la gestion de leur petite 'entreprise', l’acquisition d’un rendement financier. Le but de notre thèse n’est pas de transformer les petits agriculteurs aux grandes, cette erreur a déjà été commise précédemment par diverses politiques publiques dans les pays en développement. Notre objectif est proposer une voie dans laquelle ils peuvent, même si petite, assurer leur qualité de vie a partir de la production et de la vente de leurs produits.Cependant, nous savons qu’un petit agriculteur n’est pas en mesure d’entrer individuellement dans le marché mondial. Le marché de la consommation a besoin d’une production continue, en volume et en qualité. Alors, ils ont besoins de développer des actions collectives qui puisse les insérer dans ce supply chain global.Pourquoi parlons-nous de l’introduction des producteurs dans les marchés mondiaux, et non pas son introduction dans les marchés locaux ? Eh bien, notre contexte est basée sur les petits agriculteurs de régions sous-développées, ça implique que, les régions dans lesquelles ils sont incorporés n’on pas la capacité économique d’acheter leurs produits pour assurer le durabilité de leurs affaires, de sorte que le défi est d’insérer les agriculteurs dans les circuits globales.Afin que les agriculteurs peuvent avoir un paiement plus équitable pour leur production, et soit capable de 'voler de ses propres ailes', a partir d’un approche capabilités, ils devraient chercher une forme d'organisation qui permet une production avec caractéristiques et qualité similaire, assurer le processus d'emballage et de transport, en plus avoir un potentiel financier et de gestion pour mener des négociations avec les client et fournisseurs. L’option la plus discutée dans la littérature est la coopérative.A partir d’une étude de cas comparative qualitative nous analysons deux territoires dans la région Nordeste du Brésil, dont l’un réussit (le Piauí) et l’autre échoue (le Ceará). Nous élucidons que c’est entre autres la gestion du SCM, le soutien aux apiculteurs et le contrôle de qualité qui sont à l’origine du succès de la coopérative centrale du Piauí. / The difficulties of small farmers go back a long time. Several studies have been developed to solve their main problems. These include small-scale production, obtaining the market for these products, managing their small 'business', acquiring a financial return.The purpose of our thesis is not to transform small farmers to large, this mistake has already been made previously by various public policies in developing countries. Our goal is to provide a way in which they can, even if small, ensuring their quality to improve its product life cycle from production to sale in the market.However, we know that for a small farmer is not easy to enter into the world market individually. The consumer market needs continuous production, in quality and quantity. So, they need to develop collective actions that can insert them into this global supply chain.Why are we talking about the introduction of producers into the world market and not their introduction into local markets? Well, our context is based on small farmers in underdevelopment regions which do Not have the economic capacity to buy their products in the way to ensure the sustainability of their business, so the challenge is; insert farmers into global circuits.In this case, farmers will have a more equitable payment for their production and be able to 'fly on their own', from a capabilities approach, they should look for a form of organization that allows production with characteristics and quality similar, ensuring the packaging and transportation process, in addition to having financial and management potential to conduct negotiations with customers and suppliers. At that moment, we are wondering what is the apropriate legal form “Cooperative” or not.From several case studies we analyze two territories in the Northewest region of Brazil, one (Piauí) and the other (Ceará). We are clear that the management of SCM, support for beekeepers and quality control department are, among others, those that are at the origin of the success of the central cooperative of Piauí.

Les organisations interprofessionnelles (OIP), complètement nouvelles dans le cadre institutionnel agricole argentin, sont nées au sein d’un processus plus large de transformation du secteur où la technologie va tenir une place de plus en plus centrale. La vocation innovatrice manifestée par les OIP a suscité le besoin de comprendre leur rôle dans les processus d’innovation des filières.Cette thèse a fait apparaître, à partir de l’étude de trois cas (l’OIP de la filière du soja, l’OIP de la filière du tournesol et l’OIP de la filière du riz) que les OIP ont des rôles différenciés dans les processus d’innovation des filières. Nous avons pu montrer que les différences dans ces rôles sont liées à la fois aux formes d’insertion des filières argentines dans des chaines de valeur globales et aussi au type d’acteurs qui dominent les systèmes d’innovation de chaque filière. Le cadre théorique mobilisé combine des approches institutionnalistes des mécanismes de coordination des acteurs avec des approches de la géographie critique qui permettent de rendre compte des processus qui conditionnent le développement des filières agroalimentaires concernées. L’analyse empirique, basée sur la triangulation de sources d’information et de techniques d’analyse de données différentes, nous a permis de mettre en relation les différentes dimensions de la problématique et d’interpréter les rôles des OIP dans les processus d’innovation. / Interprofessional organizations (OIP), new actors in the Argentine’s agricultural institutional framework, were born in the context of a broader transformation of the sector where technology takes an increasingly central place. The innovative spirit manifested by the OIP raises questions about its role in the innovation process of the value chain. This thesis shows, from the study of three cases (the soybean chain OIP, the sunflower chain OIP and the rice chain OIP) that the OIP have differentiated roles in the innovation process. We have shown that differences in these roles are related to the forms of insertion of Argentine industries in global value chains and also the type of players that dominate the innovation systems of each chain. The framework combines institutionalist approaches to the coordination mechanisms of the actors in the innovation processes with a focus on critical geography, which can account for the processes that affect the development of agricultural chains. / Las organizaciones interprofesionales (OIP), actores completamente nuevos en el mapa institucional agrícola argentina, nacieron en el marco de un proceso más amplio de transformación del sector donde la tecnología ocupa un lugar cada vez más central. La vocación innovadora manifestada por las OIP lleva a interrogarse sobre su papel en el proceso de innovación de la cadena de valor. Esta tesis muestra, a partir del estudio de tres casos (OIP de la cadena de la soja, la cadena OIP girasol y las OIA del sector arrocero) que la OIP tienen roles diferenciados en el proceso de innovación y que las diferencias están vinculadas a las formas de inserción de las en las cadenas globales de valor y también el tipo de jugadores que dominan los sistemas de innovación de cada cadena. El marco teórico combina los enfoques institucionalistas de los mecanismos de coordinación de los actores en los procesos de innovación con el enfoque de la geografía crítica, que puede dar cuenta de los procesos que afectan al desarrollo de las cadenas agroalimentarios.El análisis empírico, basado en la triangulación de las fuentes de información y diferentes técnicas de análisis de datos, nos ha permitido relacionar las diferentes dimensiones del problema e interpretar los roles de las OIP en proceso la innovación.