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Desarrollo de una mezcla alimenticia en polvo de balanceado valor proteico y libre de gluten, a base de harinas extruidas de cereales, pseudocereales y leguminosasAylas Huaman, Robinson Marlon January 2017 (has links)
Tesis de Magíster en Alimentos mención Gestión, Calidad e Inocuidad de los Alimentos / Se desarrolló una mezcla alimenticia en polvo para complementar el requerimiento proteico de personas mayores de 11 años que deben eliminar el gluten y/o la leche de vaca de su alimentación; a través de la combinación de harinas extruidas de arroz, quinoa y lupino dulce con la adición de grasa vegetal en polvo y micronutrientes. El porcentaje de cada harina en la mezcla se determinó mediante la optimización por programación lineal; la mezcla debía alcanzar un contenido de proteína mayor al 15%, una composición de aminoácidos esenciales numéricamente semejante al patrón de la FAO/OMS y ser de menor costo posible. La combinación de harinas quedó conformada por 31,35% de arroz, 6,96% de quinoa y 61,69% de lupino dulce. La mezcla alimenticia final fue formulada con un 87% de la combinación de harinas, un 12% de grasa vegetal y 1% de micronutrientes (vitaminas y minerales). La caracterización microbiológica de la mezcla alimenticia final indicó ausencia de microorganismos patógenos, el análisis proximal indicó un aporte de 27% de proteína. El cómputo químico se obtuvo de comparar el perfil de aminoácidos esenciales cuantificados por HPLC con los requerimientos establecidos por la FAO/OMS, siendo este de 16% que corresponde a los aminoácidos sulfurados (Metionina + Cisteína). Para conocer la aceptabilidad de la mezcla alimenticia con el grupo objetivo, se realizó un estudio exploratorio de consumo en 31 hogares, los resultados indicaron una aceptabilidad de 5,7 (81%) medido en una escala de 7 puntos, la intención de compra positiva alcanzó un 62%, siendo los supermercados el lugar preferido para adquirir el producto. El precio final por 300 gramos de mezcla alimenticia sería del rango $3.500 a $4.000, inferior al de otros productos similares disponibles en el mercado, cuyo precio de venta fluctúa entre $5.100 y $15.500 (CLP). El aporte de proteínas encontrado supera al de otros productos de características similares disponibles en el mercado, logrando complementar un 18,5% del requerimiento diario de proteínas para personas mayores de 11 años / A powdered food mix was developed to complement the protein requirement of people over the age of 11 who must remove gluten and / or cow's milk from their diet, through the combination of extruded rice flour, quinoa and sweet lupine with the addition of vegetable fat powder and micronutrients. The percentage of each flour in the mixture was determined by linear programming optimization; the mixture had to reach a protein content of more than 15%, an essential amino acid composition numerically similar to the FAO/WHO standard and be of the lowest possible cost. The flour combination was made up of 31, 35% rice, 6,96% quinoa and 61,69% sweet lupine. The final food mix was formulated with 87% of the flour combination, 12% vegetable fat and 1% micronutrients (vitamins and minerals). The microbiological characterization of the final food mixture indicated the absence of pathogenic microorganisms, the proximal analysis indicated a contribution of 27% protein. The chemical score was obtained by comparing the profile of essential amino acids quantified by HPLC with the requirements established by FAO/WHO, being of 16% corresponding to sulfur amino acids (Methionine + Cysteine). In order to know the acceptability of the food mix with the target group, an exploratory consumption study was performed in 31 households, the results indicated an acceptability of 5,7 (81%) measured on a 7-point scale, the positive purchase intention reached 62%, being supermarkets the preferred place to purchase the product. The final price for 300 grams of food mix would be in the range of $3.500 to $4.000, lower than other similar products available in the market, whose selling price fluctuates between $5.100 and $15.500 (CLP).The contribution of proteins surpasses that of other products with similar characteristics available in the market, achieving a complement of 18,5% of the daily requirement of proteins for people older than 11 years
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User-centred design: the investigation, design and evaluation of an information handbook for coeliac patientsWalkinshaw, Rosemary January 2008 (has links)
Coeliac disease is an intestinal disorder, requiring patients to maintain a life-long gluten-free diet to ensure better health and reduce the risks of osteoporosis, intestinal lymphoma and other associated diseases. Patients must have access to clear information about the disease and about what foods are safe to eat, detect foods that contain gluten and make adjustments that need to be made to their diet. There is very little well designed information currently available for Coeliac patients. Eating out and shopping in supermarkets can become a nightmare. A User-centred design approach was used to generate information and insights on the Coeliac disease and patients' needs to conceptualise, design and evaluate an information handbook that is both functional and pleasurable to use. Questionnaires, interviews and focus groups were used to generate empirical data that guided a participative design process before the evaluation of the handbook. This project consists of a handbook as practical work that represents the main body of applied research. The practical work and the exegesis constitute 50% each of the thesis value.
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Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) Associated with Maintenance of Bread Making Quality under Heat Stress in Wheat (Triticum aestivum)Beecher, Francis Ward 2009 August 1900 (has links)
The aim of this study was to identify QTLs associated with the maintenance of
grain quality following post-anthesis heat stress. A population of 64 F6Halberd X Cutter
recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was exposed to either heat stress or control conditions in
the greenhouse, starting ten days after anthesis. Grain quality was determined using the
sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) sedimentation test, a significant predictor of bread baking
quality. The percent change in SDS sedimentation test scores between the heat and control
populations was used to identify QTLs associated with quality stability. Four QTLs were
identified, located one each on chromosomes 1B, 1D, 4A, and 7A. Three of the QTLs,
those on 1B, 1D, and 4A, were associated with variations in SDS sedimentation level. The
QTL on chromosome 7A was associated with the percent change in SDS sedimentation
scores between heat-stressed and control conditions. This indicated a relationship between
the identified QTL and quality stability. To confirm the detected QTLs, eighty advanced
lines grown at three Texas nurseries were genotyped and tested for relationships between
QTL-associated markers, quality traits, and stability of the quality traits. Quality trait
stability was estimated using the coefficient of variability (CV%) of quality traits between growing sites. Quality characters analyzed in the advanced lines included kernel hardness,
mixograph peak time, kernel weight, flour yield, SDS sedimentation, and grain yield.
The analysis showed support for the effect of the QTLs on chromosomes 1B, 1D, and
4A. Further analysis will be needed to confirm the QTL on 7A, in particular. The mapping of
additional markers will be necessary. However, the potential importance of this QTL and the
abundance of other QTLs detected in this region make it worth investigating.
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Xylan-based Biodegradable And Wheat Gluten-based Antimicrobial Film ProductionKaramanlioglu, Mehlika 01 February 2008 (has links) (PDF)
In the first part of the study, birchwood xylan-lignin film formation was studied. After film forming effect of lignin on pure birchwood xylan was demonstrated, the minimum lignin concentration necessary to form films was determined as 1.1% (lignin/xylan). So, it was determined that keeping about
one percent lignin in xylan (w/w) was sufficient for film formation.
Biodegradability of the lignin-birchwood xylan composite films was investigated enzymatically using 0.21 U / ml xylanase in an accelerated test. All the films containing lignin were hydrolyzed by xylanase showing biodegradability of the films.
Colors of the birchwood xylan-lignin composite films containing different lignin concentrations were compared. Deviations of the color from the reference color were similar between the films.
In the second part of the study, photocatalytic antimicrobial film production was investigated on wheat gluten-based films. In order to produce antimicrobial films, wheat gluten films were coated with a semiconductor, titanium dioxide (TiO2), applying different procedures. Coated films were
illuminated and photocatalytical inactivation of Escherichia coli on films were determined by antimicrobial tests. The coating procedure in which titanium dioxide (TiO2) was produced from titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) in aqueous-nitric acid and aqueous-hydrochloric acid solutions gave the best antimicrobial result but the films turned out to be deformed and brittle. Spreading TiO2 sol-gel on semi-dried wheat gluten films resulted in flexible and undeformed films having about 40% antimicrobial activity.
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Design Of Gluten Free Rice Cake Formulations For Baking In Infrared-microwave Combination OvenTurabi, Elif 01 May 2010 (has links) (PDF)
The main objective of this study was to design gluten free rice cakes containing different gums and an emulsifier for baking in infrared (IR)-microwave
combination oven.
In the first part of the study, the effects of different gums (xanthan, guar,
xanthan-guar blend, & / #954 / -carrageenan, locust bean, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
(HPMC) and xanthan-& / #954 / -carrageenan blend) and emulsifier blend (PurawaveTM) on
physical properties of cake batters were investigated. In the second part of the study,
weight loss, specific volume and texture of the cakes baked in different ovens were
determined. Macro and micro-structures of the cakes were investigated both
qualitatively and quantitatively by using image analysis and Scanning Electron
Microscopy (SEM). In the last part of the study, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to optimize IR-microwave baking conditions and formulation of the
cakes.
Power law and Casson models were suitable to explain the rheological
properties. Xanthan and xanthan-guar gum blends resulted in higher apparent
viscosities as compared to other gums. Gum types affected the dielectric properties
and gelatinization enthalpies of cake batter.
Emulsifier addition increased the volume and porosity but decreased the
firmness of the cakes baked in IR-microwave combination oven. More porous cakes
were obtained when xanthan and xanthan-guar gum blend were used. Baking method
was found to be important in affecting porosity, pore size distribution and microstructure
of the cakes.
The highest quality gluten-free rice cakes were obtained when the formulation
contained xanthan gum and 5.38% emulsifier and baked using 40% microwave
power, 60% halogen lamp power for 7 min in IR-microwave combination oven. In
addition, baking time was reduced by 76.7% as compared to conventional baking.
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Gluten-free and casein-free diets as a form of alternative treatment for autism spectrum disordersWashnieski, Gwenda. January 2009 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis PlanA (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references.
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Is it the gluten-free diet that matters the most? : Food, gender and celiac diseaseKautto, Ethel January 2014 (has links)
Background: The only treatment for celiac disease consists of excluding gluten. Gluten is a protein complex found in wheat, rye, and barley, which are cereals commonly used in bread, pasta, pizza, etc. The overall aims of this thesis were to study; what happens with food choices and nutrient intakes when individuals are prescribed a gluten-free diet and what consequences this has on the everyday lives of young women and young men dealing with this disease. Methods: A food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to study nutrient intake and how food choices were affected after a change to a gluten-free diet. The FFQ was sent to 12-13 years-old adolescents who took part in a large Swedish celiac screening study. The following three groups were studied: previously diagnosed with celiac disease, screening-diagnosed and non-celiac controls. The first FFQ was sent out before the screening-diagnosed adolescents had been told they had celiac disease, and the second was sent 12-18 months after they had been prescribed the gluten-free treatment. Semi-structured interviews were performed five years later in order to study how everyday life was affected by celiac disease in seven young women and seven young men. The interviews were analyzed by content analysis. Results: The previously diagnosed celiac disease group reported a nutrient intake in line with the non-celiac control group. Most of the participants reported nutrient intakes above the estimated average requirements. A diagnosis of celiac disease altered the intake of some foods, and this was shown by comparing the results from the baseline FFQ before the diagnosis and the follow-up FFQ after. The young women and young men reported similar experiences of the gluten-free food, but the perceived consequences of living with celiac disease differed between genders. Conclusion: This thesis shows that after a diagnosis of celiac disease food changes are necessary in order to be compliant with the gluten-free diet. One common effect is that food options will be reduced. However, as long the food intake is gluten-free, varied, and in sufficient quantity there is no reason to worry more about the nutritional intake of adolescents diagnosed with celiac disease than there is for their non-celiac peers. The findings in this thesis also show that society’s gender order has a great impact on how young women and young men experience their everyday lives, with celiac disease, and with the gluten-free diet.
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Celiac Disease: a Gluten Free Diet and Diet QualityStauble, Taylor M 01 January 2013 (has links)
The media has highlighted a proposed link between a gluten free diet (GFD) and weight loss. However, research related to weight gain and a GFD for persons with celiac disease (CD) has shown the opposite effect. A GFD is the only known treatment for persons with CD. If a patient with CD consumes a diet high in GF processed foods, weight management may be difficult to achieve.
Participants with self-reported CD completed a modified GF food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to assess typical dietary consumption of whole grains, sweets, fruits, vegetables and regular soda. Additionally, body mass index (BMI) and exercise were assessed. The results of this study found that whole grain, fruit and vegetable intakes were low among celiac patients. Additionally, BMI was on the high end of the normal weight range.
The results of this study indicate that a greater emphasis should be placed on nutritional quality when counseling patients with CD. Registered dietitians should focus their diet counseling sessions with CD patients on a nutritious naturally GF diet in order to better manage weight.
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Efectos de los hidrocoloides en las características fisicoquímicas y reológicas de pastas libres de gluten aptas para individuos celíacosLarrosa, Virginia Judit 15 May 2014 (has links)
El propósito de esta Tesis fue el diseño de pastas libres de gluten (LG), aptas para individuos que padecen la enfermedad celiaca, así como en los métodos de preservación industriales a fin de obtener un producto de óptimas características, de manera tal que se pueda producir y comercializar manteniendo sus atributos de calidad. En una primera etapa se adoptó una formulación básica compuesta por mezcla de almidón y harina de maíz, aceite de girasol, mezclas huevo y clara en polvo, mezcla de gomas (xántica y garrofín) usando un diseño para mezclas, simplex centroide aumentado con restricciones, para evaluar las diferentes las combinaciones de gomas, proteínas y agua El diseño consistió en doce formulaciones. El comportamiento viscoelástico de las formulaciones se estudio mediante ensayos oscilatorios y se evaluó extensibilidad de pastas frescas. Los resultados obtenidos, analizados por superficie de respuesta (MSR) mostraron que la fuerza de ruptura aumentaba con el aumento de hidrocoloides y de proteína, y en cuanto a la deformación en la ruptura aumentaba a concentraciones bajas de proteína y agua. La composición óptima correspondió a la formulación que contenía la cantidad mínima posible de agua y el mayor contendido de gomas. Las masas presentaron una respuesta predominantemente elástica, correspondiente a una red estructural tipo “gel débil”. La mayor concentración de la mezcla de hidrocoloides aumentó ambos módulos. Los resultados experimentales se ajustaron muy satisfactoriamente al modelo de Baumgaertel-Schausberger-Winter generalizado (BSW). Se encontró una correlación entre los módulos de almacenamiento y pérdida (G’ y G’’) con la máxima fuerza de ruptura. En el ensayo de calorimetría diferencial de barrido modulado, se observó, en las distintas formulaciones, a partir de los 65ºC una segunda endoterma bifásica. La gelatinización del almidón de todas las formulaciones de pastas libres de gluten ensayadas mostró temperaturas de inicio (To) entre 67.1 ºC y 69.2 ºC, temperaturas del primer pico (Tp) 75.1 ºC a 78.2 ºC, y las temperatura de conclusión (Tc) 81.9 ºC a 88.1 ºC, y el rango de gelatinización varió entre 14,0 ºC y 18,9 ºC. Cuando el contenido de agua congelable de la masa se redujo progresivamente, las endotermas se desplazaron a temperaturas más altas. Se encontró una relación lineal entre la temperatura máxima del pico de gelatinización y contenido de agua congelada. Mediante la MSR el agua no congelada mostró una funcionalidad tipo “silla de montar” al igual que temperatura del pico de fusión de agua, implicando interacciones entre los componentes. Las temperaturas de transición vítrea (Tg) del sistema congelado para todas las formulaciones fueron alrededor de los -26 ºC. A partir de la formulación optimizada de masa fresca, se procedió a evaluar la masa cocida en términos de propiedades de cocción. Se empleó un diseño bifactorial se mantuvo constante el contenido de gomas y los factores estudiados fueron el contenido de agua y de proteínas. Se utilizaron los métodos estandarizados por la American Association for Clinical Chemistry (AACC 1999): ensayos de pruebas de tiempo de cocción (método 66-50, AACC)), pérdidas en la cocción (método 66-50, AACC)), aumento de volumen (calibre digital electrónico, Schwyz), absorción de agua y color (método 14-22, AACC). En la determinación de materia orgánica total perdida en el líquido de cocción (TOM) se utilizó una modificación al método de D'Egidio y col. (1982). Se estableció que el tiempo de cocción fue de 10 minutos. La luminosidad presentó valores mayores de 70, y disminuyó al aplicarse el proceso de cocción por inmersión; al igual que el índice cromático b* mostrando valores por debajo de +30. Se evidenció que el agua absorbida durante la cocción mostró un incremento a mayor contenido de proteínas. Los valores de TOM al igual que los valores de pérdidas por cocción estuvieron dentro del rango de muy buena calidad para fideos de trigo; a su vez fueron influenciados por la composición de la pasta LG. Las variables de texturales (fuerza de corte, dureza, elasticidad, adhesividad, cohesividad, masticabilidad, resiliencia) de las pastas cocidas, fueron influencias por la composición La formulación optimizada corresponde a un 35.96% de agua y 6.6% de proteína. Todas las masas cocidas mostraron un comportamiento tipo gel, con el módulo de almacenamiento siempre mayor que el módulo de pérdida, y con una ligera dependencia de los mismos con la frecuencia. El módulo plateau diminuyó al incrementarse el tiempo de cocción. Las características de los espectros normalizados de las masas crudas fueron diferentes de las muestras cocidas. El estudio de la microestructura mostró que la estructura general de las masas está contenida por una red continua formada por los hidrocoloides y proteínas donde los gránulos de almidón de maíz hinchados se ordenaron de manera aleatoria dentro de esta matriz. Las curvas de absorción de agua en función del tiempo de cocción fueron modeladas exitosamente con una ecuación potencial propuesta y mostraron que existe una dependencia de la velocidad de absorción de agua con la composición de la masa. Por último se estudió el proceso de secado de pasta LG a partir de la formulación predicha en la etapa anterior. Se determinaron experimentalmente las isotermas de sorción de los fideos LG a 25 y 40 °C, aplicando distintas ecuaciones propuestas en la literatura para su modelización. Los resultados experimentales se ajustaron a modelos adecuados siendo el modelo Oswin es el que mejor ajustó a la medida experimental y se calcularon las humedades de equilibrio de los fideos LG en función de la humedad relativa del aire y la temperatura. Las condiciones de secado estudiadas fueron 30 y 50°C y 40 y 80% humedades relativas del aire (HR), modelando matemáticamente el proceso. Finalmente, a partir del estudio de los parámetros de calidad de pastas LG secadas se establecieron las condiciones óptimas del proceso para obtener pastas secas LG, no quebradizas, y de buena calidad una vez cocidas. A partir de las curvas obtenidas para los fideos libres de gluten se observó que la mayor parte del proceso transcurre dentro del período de velocidad decreciente y el tiempo experimental de secado necesario para que los fideos LG alcancen la humedad de 0.13 g de agua/g de masa seca varió entre los 140 y 560 minutos. Las curvas de secado se ajustaron al modelo difusional propuesto para una geometría lámina infinita y tiempos largos. Los coeficientes de difusión (DL) aparente obtenidos se encontraron dentro del rango correspondiente a la mayoría de los alimentos. Los fideos LG independientemente de la condición de secado presentaron una superficie rugosa, además se evidenciaron pequeñas grietas en la superficie. Los fideos LG secos que presentaron menor esfuerzo de fractura los secados 30°C y 80% HR, mientra que la deformación aparente calculada fue mayor 50°C y 40% HR. El tiempo óptimo de cocción mostró un aumento con respeto al tiempo óptimo de cocción de los fideos LG frescos. Los fideos secados a 40% HR de secado que presentaron mayores valores de aumento de volumen y a 80% HR el aumento de volumen disminuyó. La pérdida por cocción, estuvieron en un rango de 6.87 y 9.57%, la humedad de secado fue la mas influyente. Los valores de materia orgánica total (TOM) para los fideos LG secos fueron inferiores a 1.52%, el mayor valor lo presentaron los fideos LG que fueron sometidos a 30°C y 40% HR. Los parámetros de color fueron influenciaos por las condiciones de secado, los valores de luminosidad estuvieron en el rango de 78-80 mientras que para los fideos LG secos cocidos diminuyeron a un rango de 70-72, indicando pastas claras. La cocción de los fideos LG secos provocó un aumento significativo del valor de a* de 1.5-2 a 3.3-4.2 en todas las condiciones de secado, al igual que b* donde los valores aumentaron de 22.1-22.8 a 23.9-24. El proceso de secado influyó en las propiedades de textura, (fuerza de corte, dureza, elasticidad, adhesividad, cohesividad, masticabilidad, resiliencia). Las condiciones analizadas produjeron fideos LG secos que luego de la cocción presentaron características de calidad similares a un buen fideo de trigo. El análisis sensorial los consumidores no detectaron diferencias significativas (P>0.05) en todos los parámetros sensoriales estudiados (apariencia, textura, sabor, color, la aceptabilidad global) entre fideos LG y fideos LG comercial, y no existió preferencia por ninguna de las muestras ensayadas.
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User-centred design: the investigation, design and evaluation of an information handbook for coeliac patientsWalkinshaw, Rosemary January 2008 (has links)
Coeliac disease is an intestinal disorder, requiring patients to maintain a life-long gluten-free diet to ensure better health and reduce the risks of osteoporosis, intestinal lymphoma and other associated diseases. Patients must have access to clear information about the disease and about what foods are safe to eat, detect foods that contain gluten and make adjustments that need to be made to their diet. There is very little well designed information currently available for Coeliac patients. Eating out and shopping in supermarkets can become a nightmare. A User-centred design approach was used to generate information and insights on the Coeliac disease and patients' needs to conceptualise, design and evaluate an information handbook that is both functional and pleasurable to use. Questionnaires, interviews and focus groups were used to generate empirical data that guided a participative design process before the evaluation of the handbook. This project consists of a handbook as practical work that represents the main body of applied research. The practical work and the exegesis constitute 50% each of the thesis value.
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